By Leen Randell
Updated: Jul 03, 2024
10 Best Herbal Capsules For Arteriosclerosis
Herbal capsules for arteriosclerosis are dietary supplements that contain natural extracts from plants, fruits, and flowers that help to improve blood circulation and reduce plaque buildup in arteries.
These capsules work by increasing nitric oxide production, which helps to relax blood vessels and improve blood flow, thereby reducing the risk of arteriosclerosis. For example, herbal capsules containing Ginkgo biloba, Turmeric, and Hawthorn berries have been shown to help alleviate symptoms of arteriosclerosis, such as leg cramps, fatigue, and numbness.
By improving circulation, these herbs can also increase energy levels, reduce the risk of heart disease, and enhance overall quality of life.
The following article describes in detail the most important capsules for arteriosclerosis, including medicinal properties, parts of herbs to use, and recipes for preparations.
- 1. Ginkgo biloba
- 2. Tribulus terrestris
- 3. Crataegus monogyna
- 4. Allium sativum
- 5. Vitis vinifera
- 6. Curcuma longa
- 7. Camellia sinensis
- 8. Vaccinium myrtillus
- 9. Commiphora wightii
- 10. Berberis aristata
- What is the best combination of herbal capsules to use for arteriosclerosis?
- What ailments similar to arteriosclerosis are treated with herbal capsules?
1. Ginkgo biloba
Maidenhair tree capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because they are rich in antioxidants and flavonoids, which help to reduce inflammation and improve blood vessel function.
The capsules have been shown to prevent the buildup of plaque in the arteries, reducing the risk of blockages and heart attacks. Additionally, maidenhair tree contains compounds that help to relax blood vessels, improving blood flow and lowering blood pressure.
By promoting healthy blood vessel function, maidenhair tree capsules can help to slow or even reverse the progression of arteriosclerosis.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Ginkgo biloba capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- Flavonoids: These antioxidants help to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in blood vessels, which can contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis.
- Bilobalide: This triterpene has anti-inflammatory properties that can help to reduce inflammation and improve blood flow to the brain and other parts of the body, which can be beneficial in treating arteriosclerosis.
- Quercetin: This flavonoid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help to improve blood vessel function, reduce blood pressure, and prevent the formation of blood clots, all of which can contribute to the prevention or treatment of arteriosclerosis.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of maidenhair tree used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Leaves: The leaves of the Ginkgo biloba plant are the most commonly used part for making capsules to treat arteriosclerosis due to their high content of flavonoids and terpenoids, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Seeds: The seeds of the Ginkgo biloba plant are also used due to their high concentration of bilobalide and ginkgolides, which have been shown to improve blood flow and reduce inflammation in the blood vessels.
- Leaves: The leaves are also used due to their high content of flavone glycosides and terpene lactones, which help to improve blood circulation, reduce platelet aggregation, and prevent the formation of blood clots.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic maidenhair tree for arteriosclerosis.
- Weigh 250 grams of ginkgo biloba dried leaf extract with 10% standardized extract content.
- Mix the ginkgo biloba extract with 250 grams of vegetable cellulose powder in a large bowl.
- Use a capsule machine to fill 250-500 mg of the ginkgo biloba mixture into gelatin capsules.
- Label the capsules with the name and dosage of the supplement 250-500 mg.
- Store the capsules in a cool dry place for up to 2 years.
2. Tribulus terrestris
Puncture vine capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because they contain a compound called saponin, which has been shown to have vasodilatory properties.
This means that it can help to relax and widen blood vessels, improving circulation and reducing the risk of blockages. Additionally, saponin has anti-inflammatory effects, which can help to reduce the inflammation and oxidative stress that are associated with arteriosclerosis.
By improving circulation and reducing inflammation, puncture vine capsules may help to slow or even reverse the progression of arteriosclerosis.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Tribulus terrestris capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- Alkaloids: Alkaloids in Tribulus terrestris, such as terrestriaside and tribuloside, help with arteriosclerosis by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in blood vessels.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoids like isovitexin and isoorientin in Tribulus terrestris capsules help with arteriosclerosis by inhibiting the formation of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) and reducing vascular oxidative stress, which contributes to the development of arteriosclerosis.
- Saponins: Saponins, such as tribuloside, in Tribulus terrestris capsules help with arteriosclerosis by improving cardiovascular function, reducing blood pressure, and preventing the formation of blood clots, which are risk factors for arteriosclerosis.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of puncture vine used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Seeds: They are used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis due to their high content of saponins and alkaloids which are believed to improve cardiovascular health.
- Roots: They are used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis due to their ability to reduce inflammation and improve circulation.
- Leaves: They are used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis due to their antioxidant properties which help to protect against cell damage and improve cardiovascular health.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic puncture vine for arteriosclerosis.
- Gather 1000 grams of dried tribulus terrestris root and stem, ensuring it is free of contaminants.
- Grind 500 grams of the herb into a fine powder using a mill or grinder.
- Mix 250 grams of the powder with 750 grams of gelatin powder or a vegetable-based capsule filler.
- Fill a capsule machine with the mixture and set it to produce 1000 capsules.
- Label and package the capsules according to good manufacturing practices standards.
3. Crataegus monogyna
Hawthorn capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because they contain flavonoids, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), and other bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve blood flow to the heart and peripheral circulation.
These compounds also help to strengthen the walls of damaged arteries, reducing the risk of plaque buildup and rupture.
Additionally, hawthorn capsules may help to reduce inflammation in the arteries, which is a major contributor to arteriosclerosis.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Crataegus monogyna capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- Flavonoids: These polyphenolic compounds help with arteriosclerosis by scavenging free radicals, reducing oxidative stress, and improving vascular endothelial function.
- Oligostilbenes: These phenolic compounds have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and improve blood vessel function.
- Triterpenoids: These compounds, particularly oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, have been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the blood vessels and improve cardiovascular health.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of hawthorn used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Leaves: Used due to their high antioxidant and flavonoid content, which may help improve cardiovascular health.
- Fruits: Used due to their rich content of flavonoids, which may help to prevent the formation of blood clots and improve blood vessel function.
- Buds: Used due to their high antioxidant and flavonoid content, which may help to improve cardiovascular health and reduce inflammation.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic hawthorn for arteriosclerosis.
- Harvest fresh crataegus monogyna leaves and flowers from the plant at dawn when the dew is still present.
- Dry the harvested crataegus monogyna leaves and flowers in a low-temperature oven at 50 degrees celsius.
- Grind the dried crataegus monogyna leaves and flowers into a fine powder using a coffee grinder.
- Fill empty gelatin capsules with 500 milligrams of the fine powder using a powder scoop.
- Store the filled capsules in a cool dark place at room temperature for up to 6 months.
4. Allium sativum
Garlic capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because they contain a concentrated form of allicin, a potent bioactive compound that has been shown to inhibit the formation of plaque in arteries.
This helps to reduce the risk of blood clots and improve circulation, which can help to alleviate symptoms such as chest pain and decreased mobility associated with the condition.
Additionally, garlic's natural antioxidant properties help to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation, further supporting cardiovascular health.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Allium sativum capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- S-allylcysteine: This compound helps reduce homocysteine levels in the blood, which is a known risk factor for arteriosclerosis.
- Allicin: Allicin has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help protect against the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and reduce inflammation in blood vessels.
- Quercetin: This flavonoid has vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects, which help improve blood flow and reduce the formation of blood clots that contribute to arteriosclerosis.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of garlic used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Rhyzomes: Rhyzomes are used because they contain compounds like allixin and allicin, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis.
- Seeds: Seeds are used because they contain a high concentration of compounds like S-allylcysteine, which has been shown to have a beneficial effect on blood lipid levels and cardiovascular health.
- Leaves: Leaves are used because they contain flavonoids and other compounds that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help protect against the development of arteriosclerosis.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic garlic for arteriosclerosis.
- Harvest 1 pound of fresh allium sativum bulbs when the tops begin to yellow and fall over.
- Dry the bulbs in a low temperature oven at 150 degrees fahrenheit for 6 hours.
- Grind the dried bulbs into a fine powder using a coffee grinder for 30 seconds.
- Mix 1000 milligrams of the powder with 1000 milligrams of a binding agent and 100 milliliters of water.
- Encapsulate the mixture using a capsule machine with a 0.5 inch diameter capsule.
5. Vitis vinifera
Grape capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because they contain potent antioxidants and bioactive compounds found in grapes, which have been shown to improve blood vessel function and reduce inflammation.
These compounds help to relax blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing blood pressure, thereby slowing the progression of arteriosclerosis.
Additionally, grape extracts have been found to inhibit the formation of plaque in arteries, a key factor in the development of this condition.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Vitis vinifera capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- Resveratrol: This polyphenolic compound helps with arteriosclerosis by inhibiting the production of inflammatory markers and improving endothelial function, which reduces the risk of plaque formation and cardiovascular disease.
- Quercetin: This flavonoid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the blood vessels, thereby preventing the progression of arteriosclerosis.
- Anthocyanins: These powerful antioxidants help to reduce inflammation and improve blood vessel function, which can help to prevent the formation of blood clots and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with arteriosclerosis.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of grape used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Barks: The barks of Vitis vinifera are used due to their flavonoid and phenolic content, which may help in improving blood vessel function and reducing inflammation.
- Leaves: The leaves of Vitis vinifera are used for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help in reducing the risk of arteriosclerosis.
- Seeds: The seeds of Vitis vinifera are used due to their high content of flavonoids and phenolic acids, which may help in improving blood lipid profiles and reducing inflammation.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic grape for arteriosclerosis.
- Gather 500 grams of dried vitis vinifera and 250 grams of gelatin powder from a reputable supplier.
- Grind the dried vitis vinifera into a fine powder using a coffee grinder for 5 minutes.
- Mix the vitis vinifera powder with the gelatin powder in a large bowl for 10 minutes.
- Fill empty gelatin capsules with the vitis vinifera and gelatin mixture using a spoon for 10 minutes.
- Label and store the herbal vitis vinifera capsules in an airtight container at room temperature for 6 months.
6. Curcuma longa
Turmeric capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because they contain curcumin, a potent bioactive compound that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Curcumin has been shown to reduce inflammation in the body, which is a key factor in the development of arteriosclerosis. By reducing inflammation, turmeric capsules may help slow down or even reverse the progression of this condition.
Additionally, curcumin has been found to improve blood lipid profiles, lower cholesterol levels, and prevent the formation of plaque in arteries, all of which can contribute to the prevention of arteriosclerosis.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Curcuma longa capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- Curcumin: This polyphenolic compound has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the blood vessels, thus slowing down the progression of arteriosclerosis.
- Demethoxycurcumin: This curcuminoid has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which help reduce the formation of foam cells and plaque in the arteries, thereby preventing arteriosclerosis.
- Beta-curcumen: This sesquiterpene has been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help reduce the expression of inflammatory genes and the formation of reactive oxygen species in the blood vessels, thus preventing the development of arteriosclerosis.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of turmeric used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Rhyzomes: The most used part, as it contains high levels of curcumin, a bioactive compound with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help alleviate arteriosclerosis symptoms.
- Roots: The roots of Curcuma longa are also used due to their rich content of curcumin, which has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits, including reducing inflammation and improving blood lipid profiles.
- Seeds: The seeds of Curcuma longa are used as a secondary source of curcumin, although in smaller quantities compared to the rhyzomes and roots, they still contribute to the overall health benefits of the capsules.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic turmeric for arteriosclerosis.
- Harvest 50g of dried curcuma longa powder from a trusted supplier or prepare your own by drying and powdering the rhizomes.
- Weigh 1500mg of the curcuma longa powder using a digital scale for accurate dosing.
- Fill a capsule machine with the weighed powder and attach it to a power source.
- Operate the capsule machine to fill 500 capsules with the curcuma longa powder mixture.
- Seal the filled capsules with a tight-fitting lid and store them in an airtight container to preserve freshness.
7. Camellia sinensis
Tea capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because they contain potent herbs that have been shown to effectively reduce inflammation and improve blood vessel function.
The antioxidants present in these teas help to neutralize free radicals, which can contribute to the development of plaque in arteries. Additionally, some herbal teas have been found to help relax blood vessels and improve circulation, which can help to counteract the effects of arteriosclerosis.
By incorporating herbal tea capsules into one's daily routine, individuals may be able to support their cardiovascular health and reduce their risk of this condition.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Camellia sinensis capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- Catechins: These flavonoids help prevent arteriosclerosis by inhibiting the formation of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs), which contribute to oxidative stress and vascular damage.
- Theaflavins: These polyphenolic compounds have been shown to improve cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation, improving blood lipid profiles, and preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, all of which contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis.
- Quercetin: This flavonoid has antioxidant properties that help protect against oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which are key factors in the development of arteriosclerosis.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of tea used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Leaves: The leaves are the most commonly used part of Camellia sinensis for making capsules to prevent arteriosclerosis, as they contain high amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols, which help to improve blood lipid profiles and prevent the progression of atherosclerosis.
- Buds: The buds are also widely used due to their high antioxidant content, which helps to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to the prevention of arteriosclerosis.
- Seeds: The seeds of Camellia sinensis are sometimes used in the production of capsules for arteriosclerosis, as they contain a high amount of saponins, which can help to lower cholesterol levels and prevent the formation of blood clots.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic tea for arteriosclerosis.
- Harvest camellia sinensis leaves at dawn when they are fresh and have the highest antioxidant content.
- Dry the camellia sinensis leaves in a food dehydrator at 40°c for 2 hours to preserve their properties.
- Crush 25 grams of dried camellia sinensis leaves into a fine powder using a coffee grinder.
- Fill 500 gelatin capsules with 250 milligrams of the camellia sinensis powder each.
- Store the capsules in an airtight container in a cool dark place for up to 12 months.
8. Vaccinium myrtillus
Blueberry capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because they are rich in antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins, which have been shown to improve blood vessel function and reduce inflammation.
The antioxidants present in blueberries help to combat oxidative stress, a key contributor to the development of arteriosclerosis. By reducing oxidative stress, blueberry capsules can help to slow down the progression of this condition and even reverse some of its symptoms, such as hardening of the arteries and reduced blood flow.
This natural remedy has been found to be effective in improving cardiovascular health and reducing the risk of heart disease.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Vaccinium myrtillus capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- Anthocyanins: These powerful antioxidants help combat free radicals that contribute to the progression of arteriosclerosis by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in blood vessels.
- Quercetin: A flavonoid with anti-inflammatory properties, quercetin helps prevent the formation of blood clots, reduces inflammation, and improves blood vessel function, all of which contribute to a reduced risk of arteriosclerosis.
- Delphinidin: A type of anthocyanin, delphinidin has been shown to improve blood flow and reduce blood pressure, both of which can help mitigate the risk and progression of arteriosclerosis.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of blueberry used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Leaves: They are high in antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins and flavonoids, which help to reduce inflammation and improve cardiovascular health.
- Fruits: They are rich in anthocyanins and other polyphenols that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help to protect against arteriosclerosis.
- Seeds: They contain flavonoids and other bioactive compounds that may help to improve blood vessel function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic blueberry for arteriosclerosis.
- Dry 250 grams of vaccinium myrtillus berries in a single layer at 50c for 24 hours.
- Grind the dried vaccinium myrtillus berries into a fine powder using a grinder or mortar.
- Sift 5 grams of the powdered vaccinium myrtillus into a clean bowl to ensure even size.
- Mix 10 grams of gelatin and 20 milliliters of water in a separate bowl and heat until dissolved.
- Fill 50-100 capsule shells with the vaccinium myrtillus powder and seal with the gelatin mixture.
9. Commiphora wightii
Guggulu capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because of its ability to promote cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation and improving lipid profiles.
The capsule's main ingredient, Commiphora mukul, is rich in antioxidants and has been shown to inhibit the formation of plaque in arteries, thereby preventing blockages and reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Additionally, Guggulu capsules have been found to increase levels of HDL cholesterol, further contributing to a healthy cardiovascular system.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Commiphora wightii capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- Guggulsterone: This steroid constituent has been shown to help prevent the formation of plaque and reduce inflammation in blood vessels, thereby slowing down the progression of arteriosclerosis.
- Commiphytin: This terpene constituent has been found to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help to protect blood vessels from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis.
- Commiphoric acid: This phenolic acid constituent has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may help to reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress associated with arteriosclerosis.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of guggulu used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Barks: Barks are used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis due to their purported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Resin (from barks): Although not listed, resin is extracted from the barks. However, if we must pick an item from the provided list, the resin is likely derived from the barks.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic guggulu for arteriosclerosis.
- Harvest 250 grams of dried commiphora wightii resin from the roots and stems of the plant.
- Crush the resin into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle for 15 minutes.
- Mix the powdered resin with 500 grams of gelatin in a bowl and let it sit for 30 minutes.
- Fill 1000 gelatin capsules with the powdered resin mixture using a capsule filler for 10 minutes.
- Store the herbal commiphora wightii capsules in a cool dry place for up to 2 years.
10. Berberis aristata
Tree turmeric capsules helps with arteriosclerosis because they contain curcumin, a powerful compound that has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Curcumin helps to reduce inflammation in the blood vessels, which can slow down the progression of arteriosclerosis. It also improves blood circulation, reduces platelet aggregation, and inhibits the formation of blood clots, all of which contribute to the prevention and reversal of atherosclerosis.
Additionally, curcumin's antioxidant properties help to protect the cardiovascular system from damage caused by free radicals, further reducing the risk of arteriosclerosis.
Medicinal Constituents
The list below shows the primary medicinal constituents in Berberis aristata capsules that help with arteriosclerosis.
- Berberine: Berberine, an alkaloid constituent, helps with arteriosclerosis by reducing lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
- Isoberberine: Isoberberine, another alkaloid constituent, helps with arteriosclerosis by inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which plays a significant role in blood pressure regulation and atherosclerosis development.
- Vasakine: Vasakine, a phenolic constituent, helps with arteriosclerosis by exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help in reducing the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with atherosclerosis.
Parts Used
The list below shows the primary parts of tree turmeric used to make capsules for arteriosclerosis.
- Barks: The barks are used to make capsules due to their high content of berberine, a compound that helps in reducing inflammation and improving cardiovascular health.
- Roots: The roots are used to make capsules because they contain berberine and other alkaloids that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help in preventing arteriosclerosis.
- Leaves: The leaves are used to make capsules due to their high content of berberine and other alkaloids that help in reducing inflammation, improving circulation, and preventing the formation of blood clots.
Quick Recipe
The following recipe gives a procedure to make a basic tree turmeric for arteriosclerosis.
- Extract 500 grams of dried berberis aristata roots and wash them thoroughly with water.
- Dry the roots at 50 degree celsius for 3 hours to reduce moisture content.
- Grind the dried roots into fine powder using a grinder at a speed of 2000 rpm.
- Mix 1 gram of powder with 6 grams of gelatin and 10 milliliters of water to form a paste.
- Fill the paste into gelatin capsules and seal them tightly using a heat sealer.
What is the best combination of herbal capsules to use for arteriosclerosis?
The best combination of herbal capsules that help with arteriosclerosis is a blend of Ginkgo biloba, Garlic, and Turmeric.
Ginkgo biloba helps improve blood flow and reduce inflammation, while Garlic is rich in antioxidants that combat oxidative stress and lower cholesterol levels. Turmeric, with its active compound Curcumin, has potent anti-inflammatory properties that aid in preventing further damage to blood vessels. This synergistic blend supports the overall health of the cardiovascular system and helps manage arteriosclerosis symptoms.
Consult a healthcare professional before using any herbal supplements.
What ailments similar to arteriosclerosis are treated with herbal capsules?
Ailments similar to arteriosclerosis/capsules.html">arteriosclerosis/capsules.html">arteriosclerosis that are treated with herbal capsules are conditions such as hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and peripheral artery disease.
Herbal supplements like omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil, guggul extract, and garlic may help lower cholesterol levels, reduce inflammation, and improve blood vessel function.
Additionally, herbs like hawthorn and ginkgo biloba may also help to improve circulation and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.