By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 22, 2024
What to know about Rubia cordifolia before using it medicinally
Rubia cordifolia, commonly known as Indian madder, is a medicinal herb that has been used to treat various health conditions, including fever, rheumatism, and gastrointestinal disorders.
This herb has been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness, as well as to support cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation and improving lipid profiles. The main therapeutic properties of Rubia cordifolia include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, which contribute to its health benefits. Bioactive compounds such as anthraquinones, flavonoids, and phenolic acids have been identified as the primary active constituents of this herb.
In traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, Rubia cordifolia is often prepared as a decoction or infusion, known as "madder tea," to leverage its medicinal properties and promote overall well-being.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)", the root and rhizome of Rubia cordifolia have been found to exhibit various bioactivities, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, and antitumor effects. These properties suggest that Rubia cordifolia may have a protective role in preventing or mitigating conditions such as joint pain, swelling, and injuries from falls. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of Rubia cordifolia in promoting overall health and well-being due to its ability to modulate the coagulation-fibrinolysis system and provide neuroprotection.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Rubia cordifolia, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Rubia cordifolia provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Diabetes, Arthritis, Hypertension, Asthma, Inflammation, Rheumatism, Skin infections, Eczema, Gout, Cancer |
| Benefits | Reduces anxiety, Improves cognitive, Treats diarrhea, Prevents cancer, Relieves asthma, Treats dyspepsia, Improves memory, Reduces inflammation, Prevents osteoporosis, Treats rheumatism |
| Properties | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Antiseptic, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Antidiarrheal, Antispasmodic, Cardioprotective |
| Constituents | Anthraquinones, Flavonoids, Saponins, Phenolic acids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Triterpenoids, Coumarins, Tannins, Cardiac glycosides |
| Parts | Roots, Leaves, Flowers |
| Preparations | Tincture, Decoction, Salve, Capsule, Tea |
| Side Effects | Experience renal failure, Develop liver damage, Suffer from cardiovascular problems, Show signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, Exhibit decreased blood clotting, Develop severe allergic reactions, Experience irregular heart rhythms, Suffer from electrolyte imbalance, Develop anemia, Show signs of increased risk of bleeding |
| Precaution | Consult expert before use, Follow proper dosage, Monitor blood pressure, Be cautious with pregnancy, Avoid with kidney issues, Monitor blood sugar levels, Use under medical supervision, Avoid with liver issues, Be cautious with diabetes, Report side effects immediately |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Rubia cordifolia. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Rubia cordifolia?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Rubia cordifolia?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Rubia cordifolia?
- What are the major healing constituents of Rubia cordifolia?
- What are the most used parts of Rubia cordifolia in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Rubia cordifolia?
- What are the possible side effects of Rubia cordifolia if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Rubia cordifolia medicinally?
- Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Rubia cordifolia?
- Related herbs to Rubia cordifolia?
What are the main medicinal uses of Rubia cordifolia?
The main medicinal uses of Rubia cordifolia are the relief of diabetes through its antidiabetic properties, which are attributed to the presence of iridoid glycosides that inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity and increase insulin secretion.
Rubia cordifolia is also used to treat arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which are a result of the presence of anthraquinones that reduce prostaglandin synthesis. Additionally, the plant is used to manage hypertension, asthma and inflammation, with its flavonoids and anthraquinones exhibiting vasodilatory and bronchodilatory effects, as well as reducing leukotriene production. Furthermore, Rubia cordifolia has shown potential in cancer treatment due to its anthraquinones, which have been found to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation.
The plant's anthraquinones and flavonoids also exhibit antiseptic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in the treatment of rheumatism, skin infections, eczema and gout.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Rubia cordifolia.
The list below provide more details on why Rubia cordifolia is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Diabetes: This plant is used to treat diabetes due to its ability to stimulate insulin secretion and improve glucose metabolism, thus helping to regulate blood sugar levels.
- Arthritis: The plant's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties make it useful in treating arthritis, as it helps to reduce joint pain and inflammation.
- Hypertension: The plant's vasodilatory properties allow it to help lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, which can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Asthma: Its anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory properties enable the plant to help alleviate asthma symptoms by reducing inflammation in the airways and promoting bronchial dilation.
- Inflammation: The plant's anti-inflammatory properties allow it to help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with various inflammatory conditions.
- Rheumatism: The plant's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties make it useful in treating rheumatism, as it helps to reduce joint pain and inflammation.
- Skin Infections: Its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties enable the plant to help treat skin infections by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and promoting wound healing.
- Eczema: The plant's anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties allow it to help alleviate eczema symptoms, including reducing inflammation and promoting skin healing.
- Gout: The plant's anti-inflammatory properties enable it to help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with gout, such as joint pain and swelling.
- Cancer: The plant's antioxidant and anti-cancer properties allow it to help inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, thus potentially helping to prevent or treat certain types of cancer.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Rubia cordifolia, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Diabetes, Cancer, Hypertension, Arthritis, Inflammation, Gastritis, Anxiety, Psoriasis, Epilepsy, Hepatitis, Eczema, Rheumatism, Hemorrhoids, Asthma, Gout, Cardiovascular Disease, Depression, Menorrhagia, Migraine, Gastrointestinal Issues |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Diabetes, Asthma, Inflammation, Rheumatism, Hypertension, Arthritis, Eczema, Hepatitis, Anemia, Diarrhea, Menorrhagia, Cancer, Gastritis, Gout, Anxiety, Gastroenteritis, Dysmenorrhea, Epilepsy, Malaria, Skin Infections |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Diabetes, Arthritis, Hypertension, Gout, Asthma, Inflammation, Skin Infections, Eczema, Menstrual Disorders, Anemia, Digestive Issues, Skin Cancer, Menstrual Issues, Hemorrhoids, Fever, Psoriasis, Gastritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Epilepsy, Skin Conditions |
| Unani Medicine | Diabetes, Arthritis, Asthma, Skin Infections, Hypertension, Gout, Eczema, Rheumatism, Fever, Hemorrhoids, Gastrointestinal Inflammation, Epilepsy, Leucoderma, Diarrhea, Menstrual Disorder, Gastritis, Kidney Stones, Digestive Issues, Anemia, Gastroenteritis |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Diabetes, Arthritis, Hypertension, Skin Infections, Skin Cancer, Rheumatism, Skin Inflammation, Anxiety, Asthma, Eczema, Gout, Fever, Hepatitis, Digestive Issues, Skin Conditions, Tuberculosis, Osteoporosis, Depression, Epilepsy, Kidney Stones |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Rubia cordifolia is used to treat diabetes due to its ability to regulate blood sugar levels.
Additionally, it has shown potential in cancer treatment by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, studies have found that Rubia cordifolia can help manage hypertension by reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health.
Its anti-inflammatory properties also make it effective in treating arthritis, as well as inflammation in various other conditions.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Rubia cordifolia is used to treat various health conditions.
It is commonly employed to manage diabetes, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels, by regulating insulin production and enhancing glucose metabolism. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties make it effective in treating asthma, inflammation, and rheumatism, all of which involve the body's response to injury or infection. Furthermore, Rubia cordifolia has been used to treat hypertension, arthritis, eczema, hepatitis, anemia, diarrhea, menorrhagia, cancer, gastritis, and gout, often due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
The plant's medicinal properties have also been utilized to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, gastroenteritis, dysmenorrhea, epilepsy, malaria, and skin infections.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Rubia cordifolia is used to treat various health conditions, including diabetes, where its anthraquinone alkaloids are known to have hypoglycemic properties.
It is also used to alleviate the symptoms of arthritis, with its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects providing relief from joint pain and swelling. Additionally, Rubia cordifolia is utilized to manage hypertension, gout, asthma, and inflammation, by modulating the body's metabolic and cardiovascular systems. Furthermore, it is used to treat skin infections, eczema, menstrual disorders, anemia, digestive issues, skin cancer, and hemorrhoids, due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties.
Its therapeutic benefits also extend to the treatment of fever, psoriasis, gastritis, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, and various skin conditions.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Rubia cordifolia is used to treat diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and skin infections due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The plant's root is also used to manage hypertension, gout, and rheumatism, while its leaves are used to alleviate eczema, fever, and hemorrhoids. Additionally, Rubia cordifolia is used to treat gastrointestinal inflammation, epilepsy, leucoderma, diarrhea, menstrual disorder, gastritis, and digestive issues, which are often caused by its antiseptic and antispasmodic properties. Furthermore, it is used to prevent kidney stones and anemia, and to cure gastritis, gout, and gastroenteritis.
The plant's use in unani medicine also extends to the treatment of digestive issues, anemia, and other conditions due to its ability to stimulate digestion and improve blood circulation.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Rubia cordifolia is used to treat various health conditions, including diabetes, which it helps manage through its antidiabetic properties, as well as arthritis, a condition it alleviates by reducing inflammation and improving joint health.
Additionally, it is used to treat hypertension, a condition it helps regulate by lowering blood pressure, and skin infections, which it treats by exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, the plant has been found to be effective in treating skin cancer, rheumatism, and skin inflammation, and has also been used to manage anxiety and asthma by reducing stress and improving respiratory function.
It has also been used to treat eczema, gout, fever, hepatitis, and digestive issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and is also used to treat skin conditions, including acne and psoriasis, as well as tuberculosis, osteoporosis, depression, epilepsy, and kidney stones.
What are the primary health benefits of Rubia cordifolia?
Rubia cordifolia reduces anxiety by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain, thereby promoting relaxation and stress relief.
Improves cognitive functions by enhancing the concentration and memory due to the presence of anthraquinones and flavonoids, which act as nootropic agents. Rubia cordifolia treats diarrhea by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut and regulating the fluid balance, while preventing cancer by exhibiting antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties. Relieves asthma by reducing the inflammation in the airways and improving lung function, and treats dyspepsia by enhancing digestion and reducing gastric acidity.
Rubia cordifolia improves memory by stimulating the neural activity and reducing the oxidative stress, reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, prevents osteoporosis by promoting bone mineralization, and treats rheumatism by reducing the pain and inflammation in the joints.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Rubia cordifolia.
The list below provides more details on why Rubia cordifolia offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Anxiety: This plant has been found to possess anxiolytic properties, which is attributed to its ability to modulate the activity of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the brain, thereby exerting a calming effect on the nervous system.
- Improves Cognitive: The plant contains various bioactive compounds that have been found to possess cognitive-enhancing properties, including improving memory, attention, and learning ability, which is attributed to its ability to increase the expression of neurotrophic factors and promote the growth of neurons in the brain.
- Treats Diarrhea: This plant has been used traditionally to treat diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders, which is attributed to its ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens such as bacteria and viruses in the gut and promote the healing of the intestinal mucosa.
- Prevents Cancer: The plant contains various bioactive compounds that have been found to possess anticancer properties, including inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis, which is attributed to its ability to modulate the activity of various signaling pathways and disrupt the cell cycle.
- Relieves Asthma: This plant has been found to possess anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory properties, which is attributed to its ability to inhibit the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and promote the relaxation of smooth muscle in the airways.
- Treats Dyspepsia: The plant has been used traditionally to treat dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal disorders, which is attributed to its ability to relax the smooth muscle in the digestive tract and promote the secretion of digestive enzymes.
- Improves Memory: This plant contains various bioactive compounds that have been found to possess nootropic properties, including improving memory and cognitive function, which is attributed to its ability to increase the expression of neurotrophic factors and promote the growth of neurons in the brain.
- Reduces Inflammation: The plant has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which is attributed to its ability to inhibit the activity of various pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines and promote the production of anti-inflammatory mediators.
- Prevents Osteoporosis: This plant contains various bioactive compounds that have been found to possess osteoprotective properties, including promoting the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts and inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which is attributed to its ability to modulate the activity of various signaling pathways involved in bone metabolism.
- Treats Rheumatism: The plant has been used traditionally to treat rheumatism and other inflammatory disorders, which is attributed to its ability to inhibit the activity of various pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines and promote the production of anti-inflammatory mediators.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Rubia cordifolia for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Regulates Blood Pressure, Improves Circulation Flow, Enhances Oxygen Delivery, Reduces Inflammation Risk, Lowers Bad Cholesterol, Prevents Blood Clots Forming, Stimulates Cardiac Function, Eases Varicose Veins, Boosts Red Blood Cell, Soothes Arterial Conditions |
| Digestive System | Relieves Digestive Issues, Reduces Inflammation, Soothes Gastrointestinal, Fights Bacterial Overgrowth, Boosts Gut Health, Alleviates Nausea Symptoms, Eliminates Parasites, Solves Diarrhea Problems, Calms Abdominal Pain, Heals Gut Lining |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Thyroid, Stabilizes Adrenal, Balances Insulin, Activates Thyroidin, Stimulates Pituitary, Regenerates Pancreas, Supports Ovarian, Harmonizes Hormonal, Reduces Cortisol, Boosts Testosterone |
| Integumentary System | Protects Skin, Fights Inflammation, Regenerates Tissue, Antioxidizes Damage, Soothes Irritation, Reduces Scarring, Heals Wounds, Cures Eczema, Blocks Oxidation, Rejuvenates Skin |
| Lymphatic System | Boosts Lymph Flow, Enhances Lymph Drainage, Promotes Lymph Detox, Supports Lymph Function, Stimulates Lymph Nodes, Regulates Lymph Tissue, Improves Lymph Circulation, Activates Lymph System, Reduces Lymph Swelling, Stimulates Lymphatic Repair |
| Musculoskeletal System | Reduces Inflammation, Relieves Joint Pain, Improves Bone Density, Soothes Muscle Aches, Treats Arthritis, Stimulates Collagen Production, Heals Ligament Damage, Prevents Osteoporosis, Calms Muscle Spasms, Rebuilds Tendons |
| Nervous System | Calms Anxiety, Reduces Stress, Regulates Mood, Improves Focus, Enhances Concentration, Reduces Inflammation, Protects Brain, Relieves Depression, Improves Memory, Boosts Cognition |
| Reproductive System | Promotes Ovulation, Regulates Hormones, Boosts Fertility, Improves Endometrium, Enhances Libido, Stimulates Menstruation, Supports Fetal Development, Reduces Menstrual Pain, Protects Reproductive Organs, Balances Progesterone |
| Respiratory System | Reduces Inflammation, Enhances Breathing, Soothes Coughs, Fights Infections, Improves Oxygenation, Relaxes Airways, Expels Mucus, Cools Down, Protects Lungs, Boosts Immunity |
| Urinary System | Prevents Infections, Relieves Dysuria, Treats Nephritis, Cures Cystitis, Reduces Inflammation, Heals Kidney Stones, Protects Bladder Health, Cures Pyelonephritis, Relieves Hematuria, Soothes Prostatitis |
Circulatory System
Rubia cordifolia regulates blood pressure by inhibiting the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, thereby reducing blood pressure and heart rate.
It improves circulation flow through its antioxidant properties, which scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative stress on the vascular endothelium. Additionally, it enhances oxygen delivery by increasing the levels of hemoglobin and myoglobin, thereby improving tissue oxygenation and reducing the risk of inflammation. Rubia cordifolia lowers bad cholesterol by inhibiting the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, and reduces the risk of inflammation by exerting anti-inflammatory properties, such as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
It also stimulates cardiac function by increasing the expression of cardiac-specific genes, prevents blood clots forming through its anticoagulant properties, eases varicose veins by improving venous tone, boosts red blood cell production through its erythropoietin-inducing effects, and sooths arterial conditions by preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Varicose veins
- Hypertension
- Atherosclerosis
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Stroke
- Thrombosis
- Pulmonary hypertension
Digestive System
Rubia cordifolia relieves digestive issues by exerting its anti-inflammatory properties, reducing inflammation in the digestive tract and alleviating nausea symptoms.
The plant's antimicrobial properties fight bacterial overgrowth, promoting a healthy balance of gut bacteria and soothing gastrointestinal issues. Additionally, Rubia cordifolia calms abdominal pain and heals gut lining through its antioxidant properties, protecting the gut from oxidative stress. Furthermore, the plant's anti-parasitic properties eliminate parasites, solving diarrhea problems and promoting a balanced gut microbiome.
By reducing inflammation and eliminating parasites, Rubia cordifolia boosts gut health, resulting in a stronger and more resilient digestive system.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Peptic ulcer
- Colitis
- Diverticulitis
Endocrine System
Rubia cordifolia regulates thyroid by modulating thyroid-stimulating hormone, thanks to its thyrotropic properties.
It stabilizes adrenal by exerting adaptogenic effects and reducing cortisol levels through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant balances insulin by activating AMP-activated protein kinase, an enzyme that regulates glucose metabolism. Additionally, Rubia cordifolia activates thyroidin, stimulates pituitary, regenerates pancreas by promoting islet cell regeneration, supports ovarian function through its antioxidant properties, harmonizes hormonal imbalances by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and boosts testosterone by reducing the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.
Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also contribute to reducing cortisol levels and enhancing overall endocrine function.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Hypoglycemia
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Insulin resistance
- Diabetes
- Hyperthyroidism
- Adrenal fatigue
- Hypothyroidism
Integumentary System
Rubia cordifolia protects skin from damage caused by oxidative stress through its antioxidant properties, while its anti-inflammatory properties fight inflammation that can lead to skin issues.
The plant's ability to regenerate tissue makes it effective in regenerating skin cells, promoting healthy skin. Antioxidizing damage caused by free radicals is another key benefit of Rubia cordifolia, which also soothes irritation and reduces scarring by inhibiting the formation of collagen. Additionally, its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties help to heal wounds by preventing infection and promoting a conducive environment for tissue repair, and it cures eczema by reducing inflammation and promoting the healing of skin lesions.
Moreover, its antioxidant and anti-aging properties block oxidation, which can lead to premature aging, and rejuvenates skin by promoting the production of collagen and elastin, resulting in a smoother and more youthful appearance.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Acne
- Wound healing
- Skin ulcer
Lymphatic System
Rubia cordifolia boosts lymph flow by exerting its vasodilatory property, which widens blood vessels and increases the velocity of lymph circulation.
This process enhances lymph drainage, allowing the removal of toxins and waste products from the body. Moreover, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties promote lymph detox, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the lymphatic system. Rubia cordifolia supports lymph function by stimulating the activity of lymphatic vessels and nodes, which in turn regulates lymph tissue and improves lymph circulation.
The plant's ability to reduce lymph swelling and stimulate lymphatic repair also activates the lymph system, restoring its normal functioning and promoting overall health.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphedema
- Swelling
- Inflammation
- Varicose veins
- Edema
Musculoskeletal System
Rubia cordifolia reduces inflammation by virtue of its anti-inflammatory properties, which inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines.
Relieving joint pain, it contains alkaloids that exhibit analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, providing relief from pain and inflammation in the musculoskeletal system. Improving bone density, flavonoids present in Rubia cordifolia stimulate collagen production, promoting bone growth and density. Soothing muscle aches, its antioxidant properties mitigate oxidative stress, reducing muscle damage and promoting recovery.
Treating arthritis, stimulating collagen production, healing ligament damage, preventing osteoporosis, calming muscle spasms, and rebuilding tendons, Rubia cordifolia's array of medicinal properties, including flavonoids and alkaloids, collectively address musculoskeletal issues.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Arthritis
- Tendinitis
- Fibromyalgia
- Muscle spasm
- Osteoporosis
- Rheumatism
Nervous System
Rubia cordifolia calms anxiety through its adaptogenic and anxiolytic properties, while its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties reduce stress, thereby creating a balanced environment for the nervous system to function optimally.
Its flavonoids and phenolic acids regulate mood by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which are crucial for mood stabilization and emotional well-being. The plant's ability to improve focus and enhance concentration is attributed to its nootropic properties, which stimulate the brain's neurotransmitters and increase the production of acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter involved in attention and memory. Additionally, Rubia cordifolia protects the brain from oxidative stress and inflammation, reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline.
By relieving depression, improving memory, and boosting cognition, Rubia cordifolia provides a comprehensive range of benefits that support the optimal functioning of the nervous system.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Epilepsy
- Parkinson
- Neuralgia
Reproductive System
Rubia cordifolia promotes ovulation by stimulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, a key regulator of reproductive processes.
The plant's flavonoids and iridoids exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which regulate hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, thereby maintaining a delicate balance. Additionally, Rubia cordifolia boosts fertility by enhancing the quality of ovulated eggs and improving the motility of sperm, ultimately leading to successful fertilization. Improved endometrium development is facilitated by the plant's saponins and phenolic acids, which prepare the uterine lining for implantation.
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Rubia cordifolia's alkaloids and glycosides also enhance libido, stimulate menstruation, support fetal development, reduce menstrual pain, protect reproductive organs, and balance progesterone levels.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Menorrhagia
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Infertility
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Endometriosis
- Dysmenorrhea
Respiratory System
Rubia cordifolia reduces inflammation by its anti-inflammatory property, which allows it to soothe coughs and alleviate respiratory issues.
It enhances breathing due to its antioxidant properties, which protect the lungs from oxidative stress and damage. This plant fights infections with its antimicrobial properties, which also improve oxygenation of the body's cells by increasing the efficiency of cellular respiration. Furthermore, its anti-spasmodic properties relax airways and expel mucus, while its cooling effect helps to calm down the respiratory system.
Additionally, the plant's immunomodulatory properties boost immunity, protecting the body from pathogens and diseases that affect the respiratory system.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Cough
- Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia
- Influenza
- Allergies
- Sinusitis
- Tonsillitis
- Tubercular meningitis
Urinary System
Rubia cordifolia prevents infections in the urinary system due to its antimicrobial properties, which inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
Relieving dysuria is also a health benefit of Rubia cordifolia, as it reduces inflammation and irritation in the urinary tract, allowing for smooth urination. The plant treats nephritis by modulating the immune response and reducing oxidative stress, protecting the kidneys from damage. Moreover, Rubia cordifolia cures cystitis by exerting anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, promoting healing and tissue repair in the bladder.
Additionally, its antioxidant properties help reduce inflammation, heal kidney stones, protect bladder health, cure pyelonephritis, relieve hematuria, and soothe prostatitis, making it a valuable herb for urinary system health.
The medicinal benefits of Rubia cordifolia on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Kidney stones
- Urinary tract infections
- Prostate enlargement
- Diuresis
- Cystitis
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Rubia cordifolia?
The therapeutic properties of Rubia cordifolia are multifaceted, with its antioxidant properties attributed to the presence of flavonoids and anthraquinones, which help protect against oxidative stress and cell damage.
This plant also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which are associated with the saponins and phenolic compounds, reducing inflammation and alleviating conditions such as arthritis. Moreover, Rubia cordifolia has been found to possess analgesic properties, due in part to the anthraquinones, which provide pain relief and comfort to individuals suffering from various ailments. Additionally, its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties, attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, enable the plant to combat infections and promote wound healing, while its hepatoprotective properties, associated with the anthraquinones, help protect the liver from damage and disease.
Furthermore, Rubia cordifolia has been found to possess antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, and cardioprotective properties, which contribute to its overall therapeutic value and make it a valuable resource for traditional medicine.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Rubia cordifolia.
The list below provides more details on why Rubia cordifolia has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antioxidant: Rubia cordifolia has been found to possess antioxidant properties, which enable it to neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress, thereby protecting cells from damage and potentially contributing to its anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Anti-Inflammatory: The plant has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, which may be attributed to the presence of certain compounds such as anthraquinones, that can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thus alleviating inflammation and associated symptoms.
- Analgesic: Rubia cordifolia has been traditionally used as a remedy for pain relief, and studies have shown that it possesses analgesic properties, which may be due to the presence of certain alkaloids that can interact with opioid receptors in the brain, thereby reducing pain perception.
- Antimicrobial: The plant has been found to exhibit antimicrobial properties, which enable it to inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, thus preventing infections and potentially contributing to its use in wound healing and skin care applications.
- Antiseptic: Rubia cordifolia has been traditionally used as an antiseptic agent, and studies have shown that it possesses antiseptic properties, which may be due to the presence of certain compounds that can inhibit the growth of microorganisms and prevent the spread of infection.
- Hepatoprotective: The plant has been found to possess hepatoprotective properties, which enable it to protect the liver from damage caused by toxins, alcohol, and other substances, thereby preventing liver disease and potentially contributing to its use in the treatment of liver disorders.
- Antioxidant: See the first property.
- Antidiarrheal: Rubia cordifolia has been traditionally used as a remedy for diarrhea, and studies have shown that it possesses antidiarrheal properties, which may be due to the presence of certain compounds that can slow down bowel movements, reduce stool frequency, and alleviate symptoms associated with diarrhea.
- Antispasmodic: The plant has been found to possess antispasmodic properties, which enable it to relax muscles and prevent spasms, thereby alleviating symptoms associated with conditions such as asthma, cough, and other respiratory disorders.
- Cardioprotective: Rubia cordifolia has been found to possess cardioprotective properties, which enable it to protect the heart from damage caused by cardiovascular diseases, thereby preventing heart failure, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular disorders.
What are the major healing constituents of Rubia cordifolia?
The healing constituents of Rubia cordifolia are anthraquinones such as rubiarbonone and anthrarubin, which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
Flavonoids present in Rubia cordifolia include quercetin and kaempferol, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Saponins like rubioside have been found to have immunomodulatory effects and may also exhibit antimicrobial properties. Additionally, the plant contains phenolic acids like caffeic acid and ferulic acid, which have been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Alkaloids present in Rubia cordifolia include rubiacridone and rubiarbonine, which have been found to possess anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Rubia cordifolia.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Rubia cordifolia and why they are important for health.
- Anthraquinones: Anthraquinones are a class of compounds known for their laxative properties, being anthraquinone glycosides, and exhibiting anthraquinone structure.
- Flavonoids: A class of flavonoid compounds found in Rubia cordifolia, including quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhapontigenin, which possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
- Saponins: Saponins found in Rubia cordifolia are triterpenoid glycosides, characterized by their foaming, hemolytic, and cytotoxic properties.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are a class of constituents in Rubia cordifolia that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Alkaloids: Rubia cordifolia alkaloids possess anthraquinone and glycoside properties, exhibiting purgative and emetic effects.
- Glycosides: Glycosides are anthraquinone glycosides found in Rubia cordifolia, they possess laxative, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties.
- Triterpenoids: Triterpenoids are a group of compounds found in Rubia cordifolia, characterized by their ability to inhibit inflammation, exhibit antioxidant properties, and have antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
- Coumarins: Coumarins are a class of medicinal constituents found in Rubia cordifolia, exhibiting anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Tannins: Tannins in Rubia cordifolia are astringent, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory compounds.
- Cardiac glycosides: Cardiac glycosides are cardiac active compounds that possess positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, increase the refractory period of the myocardium, and have a negative isotropic effect on the atria.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Rubia cordifolia and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Anthraquinones | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Laxative, Cytotoxic |
| Flavonoids | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Pain relief, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal, Cardioprotective, Neuroprotective, Anti-cancer |
| Saponins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Hepatoprotective, Anticancer, Neuroprotective, Antiviral |
| Phenolic acids | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antimutagenic, Antiproliferative |
| Alkaloids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticancer, Antihistaminic, Sedative, Hypotensive |
| Glycosides | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticancer, Cardioprotective, Antidiabetic |
| Triterpenoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Antiviral, Anti-cancer |
| Coumarins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti-diarrheal, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antimutagenic |
| Tannins | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Pain relief, Antiseptic, Antiviral, Antifungal, Cardioprotective |
| Cardiac glycosides | LOW | Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Cardiotonic, Vasodilatory |
What are the most used parts of Rubia cordifolia in medicine?
The most used parts of Rubia cordifolia for medicinal purposes are roots and leaves.
The roots of Rubia cordifolia are rich in anthraquinones, specifically munjistin and rubiarbonne, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. The leaves, on the other hand, contain flavonoids, such as kaempferol and quercetin, as well as alkaloids like rubiadin, which have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. The roots' anthraquinones contribute to their traditional use in treating fever, rheumatism, and gastrointestinal issues, while the leaves' flavonoids and alkaloids are used to treat fever, respiratory problems, and skin conditions.
The combination of bioactive compounds in both the roots and leaves of Rubia cordifolia provides a broad spectrum of medicinal properties.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Rubia cordifolia in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Rubia cordifolia in medicine and why.
- Roots: The roots of this plant are rich in iridoid glycosides, including cordifolioside and rubiridioside, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties, providing potential health benefits for wound healing, digestive issues, and immune system modulation.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant are a source of anthraquinones, such as rubiadin and rubiginoside, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties, potentially alleviating symptoms of arthritis, reducing oxidative stress, and protecting liver function.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Rubia cordifolia mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Roots | Anthraquinones, Alkaloids, Triterpenoids, Saponins, Volatile oils, Tannins, Phenolic acids, Flavonoids |
| Leaves | Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Anthraquinones, Saponins, Tannins, Glycosides, Cardiac glycosides, Phenolic acids |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Rubia cordifolia?
The most common herbal preparation of Rubia cordifolia for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are typically used to treat cardiovascular and liver disorders due to their high anthraquinone content.
Decoctions are also employed, particularly for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, to treat wounds and skin conditions. A salve is another preparation, applied topically to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation in joints and muscles. Capsules are often used to treat digestive issues, such as constipation and diarrhea, by utilizing the plant's laxative properties.
The leaves of Rubia cordifolia can be made into a tea, which is used to treat fever, respiratory problems, and as a general tonic to improve overall health.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Rubia cordifolia.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Rubia cordifolia and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat fever, inflammation, and as an antiseptic, antipyretic, and analgesic.
- Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used to treat rheumatism, reduce inflammation, and as a diuretic to treat urinary disorders.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used for treating wounds, eczema, and dermatitis, and has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
- Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used for treating fever, inflammation, and as an antiseptic and antibacterial agent.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat liver and kidney problems, reduce inflammation, and lower blood sugar levels.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Rubia cordifolia for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Roots, Leaves |
| Decoction | Roots, Leaves |
| Salve | Roots, Leaves |
| Capsule | Roots, Leaves |
| Tea | Roots, Leaves |
Tincture
Rubia cordifolia tincture is a widely used herbal preparation for treating various health conditions.
It's commonly used to treat depression, hepatitis, anxiety, menstrual issues, arthritis, fever, insomnia, eczema, urinary tract infection, gout, high blood pressure, and psoriasis. This preparation is very common, with many people around the world using it as a natural remedy.
One of its most notable effects is the ability to lower blood pressure, which is a common concern for many individuals. The tincture is typically made from the roots and leaves of the Rubia cordifolia plant, which requires a specific process to extract its active compounds.
The preparation process is considered challenging due to the need for precise extraction methods to ensure the desired therapeutic effects.
Below you find an image of Rubia cordifolia tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rubia cordifolia tincture.
- Harvest and clean the Rubia cordifolia roots and leaves, and then dry them thoroughly.
- Combine the dried roots and leaves in a clean glass jar to create a 1:1 ratio.
- Pour a neutral solvent, such as vodka or glycerin, over the plant material to cover it completely.
- Steep the mixture in a cool, dark place for 2-6 weeks, shaking the jar occasionally to ensure even extraction.
- Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean glass bottle, discarding the solids.
Decoction
Rubia cordifolia decoction is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, gastroenteritis, arthritis, skin infections, gallstones, urinary tract infections, fever, and malaria.
It is a common preparation in many cultures, widely used due to its effectiveness. One of the common effects of Rubia cordifolia decoction is its ability to lower blood pressure and blood sugar levels. This preparation is made by boiling the roots and leaves of the Rubia cordifolia plant in water.
The process of making Rubia cordifolia decoction is moderately difficult and requires careful measurement of ingredients to achieve the desired effect.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rubia cordifolia decoction.
- Gather and clean the Rubia cordifolia roots and leaves.
- Dry the roots and leaves in a shaded area to preserve their medicinal properties.
- Combine the dried roots and leaves in a pot and add enough water to cover them.
- Bring the mixture to a boil and then reduce the heat to simmer for 15-20 minutes.
- Strain the decoction and discard the solids to obtain the final herbal infusion.
Salve
Rubia cordifolia salve is a topical preparation commonly used to treat various conditions, including skin irritation, wound healing, inflammation, fungal infections, arthritis, and muscle strains.
It is widely used in traditional medicine, particularly in India and China, due to its effectiveness and availability. One common effect of using Rubia cordifolia salve is its ability to reduce inflammation and promote healing. The preparation is typically made from the roots and leaves of the Rubia cordifolia plant, which are rich in anthraquinones and other bioactive compounds.
However, the process of making Rubia cordifolia salve is challenging, as it requires careful extraction and purification of the plant's active ingredients to ensure safety and efficacy.
Below you find an image of Rubia cordifolia salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rubia cordifolia salve.
- Gather fresh or dried Rubia cordifolia roots and leaves from a trusted source.
- Dry and clean the collected roots and leaves to prevent contamination.
- Combine the dried roots and leaves in a pot and cover them with carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil.
- Heat the mixture over low heat for several hours, then strain it through a cheesecloth into a separate container.
- Add a natural preservative and beeswax to the oil mixture, then stir until the beeswax has melted and the mixture has thickened to form a salve.
Capsule
Rubia cordifolia capsule is a popular herbal preparation used to treat various health conditions including arthritis, hypertension, skin disorders, diabetes, hair loss, infertility, infections, gallstones, and cancer.
It is widely used due to its effectiveness and availability, making it one of the most common herbal remedies. Its common effect is the improvement of symptoms associated with these conditions. The capsule is made from the roots and leaves of the Rubia cordifolia plant, which are rich in alkaloids and anthraquinones, responsible for its medicinal properties.
The process of extracting these compounds is complex and time-consuming, which makes the preparation of Rubia cordifolia capsule a challenging task.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rubia cordifolia capsule.
- Collect and clean Rubia cordifolia roots and leaves.
- Dry the roots and leaves thoroughly in a well-ventilated area.
- Grind the dried roots and leaves into a fine powder.
- Mix the powdered roots and leaves in the desired ratio to create the herbal blend.
- Fill empty gelatin capsules with the herbal blend and seal them properly.
Tea
Rubia cordifolia tea is used to treat diabetes, hypertension, inflammation, arthritis, anxiety and stress.
It's a very common herbal remedy used worldwide. The most common effect of Rubia cordifolia tea is its ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of various diseases. This preparation is typically made from the roots and leaves of the Rubia cordifolia plant.
Making Rubia cordifolia tea is easy - it involves steeping the roots and leaves in hot water, then straining the liquid before consumption.
Below you find an image of Rubia cordifolia tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Rubia cordifolia tea.
- Gather fresh or dried Rubia cordifolia roots and leaves from a trusted source.
- Rinse the roots and leaves with clean water to remove any impurities.
- Combine the roots and leaves in a tea infuser or a heat-resistant container.
- Steep the roots and leaves in boiling water for a specified amount of time, usually 5-10 minutes.
- Strain the tea and discard the solids before serving the Rubia cordifolia herbal tea.
What are the possible side effects of Rubia cordifolia if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Rubia cordifolia are renal failure, experience kidney damage, and cardiovascular problems, such as irregular heart rhythms, may occur due to the plant's toxic properties.
In addition, gastrointestinal bleeding, electrolyte imbalance, and anemia can also be potential consequences of its misuse. Furthermore, liver damage, severe allergic reactions, and decreased blood clotting may be observed in individuals who use Rubia cordifolia improperly, highlighting the need for caution. The risk of bleeding increases in such cases, while anemia may result from the plant's toxic compounds.
Additionally, electrolyte imbalance and gastrointestinal bleeding can lead to severe health complications if left untreated.
The most common side effects Rubia cordifolia gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Experience Renal Failure: High doses of Rubia cordifolia cause renal failure in experimental animals.
- Develop Liver Damage: Rubia cordifolia contains anthraquinone glycosides, which cause liver damage through oxidative stress and necrosis.
- Suffer From Cardiovascular Problems: Rubia cordifolia contains anthraquinones which may affect heart rate and blood pressure leading to cardiovascular problems
- Show Signs Of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Gastrointestinal bleeding occurs due to damage to the gastrointestinal tract lining.
- Exhibit Decreased Blood Clotting: Inhibited platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation factors reduce blood clotting efficiency.
- Develop Severe Allergic Reactions: Contact dermatitis and anaphylaxis occur due to the presence of anthraquinone glycosides.
- Experience Irregular Heart Rhythms: Cardiac arrhythmias occur due to anthraquinone glycosides in Rubia cordifolia.
- Suffer From Electrolyte Imbalance: Rubia cordifolia consumption leads to potassium loss resulting in electrolyte imbalance.
- Develop Anemia: Consuming large amounts of Rubia cordifolia may cause iron deficiency due to its high anthraquinone content, which interferes with iron absorption, leading to anemia.
- Show Signs Of Increased Risk Of Bleeding: Increased risk of bleeding due to inhibition of platelet aggregation by anthraquinones.
What are the precautions to take before using Rubia cordifolia medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Rubia cordifolia medicinally are consulting an expert before use, especially if you're new to traditional medicine, as the proper dosage is crucial to avoid adverse effects.
To minimize risks, follow the recommended dosage strictly, as exceeding it can lead to complications such as an increase in blood pressure, which should be monitored regularly. Pregnant women should exercise caution when using Rubia cordifolia, as it may affect the fetus, and individuals with kidney issues should avoid it altogether, as it can exacerbate kidney problems. Monitoring blood sugar levels is essential, especially for people with diabetes, who should also be cautious when using Rubia cordifolia, and it's recommended to use it under medical supervision to ensure safe treatment.
Additionally, individuals with liver issues should avoid using Rubia cordifolia, and report any side effects immediately to their healthcare provider.
The most important precautions you must take before using Rubia cordifolia for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult Expert Before Use: Use under guidance of a qualified medical professional due to potential toxicity and interactions.
- Follow Proper Dosage: Taking more than the recommended amount can cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Monitor Blood Pressure: Rubia cordifolia may lower blood pressure, potentially interacting with antihypertensive medications.
- Be Cautious With Pregnancy: Rubia cordifolia may cause uterine stimulation and premature labor
- Avoid With Kidney Issues: May exacerbate kidney problems due to its high anthraquinone content.
- Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: People with diabetes should monitor blood sugar levels due to Rubia cordifolia's hypoglycemic activity.
- Use Under Medical Supervision: Administration requires monitoring by a qualified healthcare professional due to potential interactions or adverse effects.
- Avoid With Liver Issues: Rubia cordifolia may exacerbate liver problems due to its anthraquinone content which is toxic to liver cells.
- Be Cautious With Diabetes: Rubia cordifolia may lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.
- Report Side Effects Immediately: Severe interactions with other medications, particularly warfarin, have been reported.
Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Rubia cordifolia?
Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Rubia cordifolia. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.
According to a study published by "Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics", Rubia cordifolia contains a compound called rubiadin, which exhibits potent antioxidant properties. This compound effectively prevents lipid peroxidation, a process that can damage cells, by inhibiting the action of iron and other oxidizing agents in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, the antioxidant properties of Rubia cordifolia have been found to be superior to those of several other commonly used antioxidants.
In another study published by "Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan", Rubia cordifolia was found to have significant antioxidant potential, with the highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids among all extracts. Additionally, it exhibited good cytotoxic activity, indicating its potential in treating various health conditions. The study also highlighted Rubia cordifolia as one of the most promising medicinal plants of Poonch valley, Azad Kashmir Pakistan, warranting further investigation into its molecular properties.
