By Leen Randell

Updated: Oct 21, 2024

What to know about Lonicera japonica before using it medicinally

Lonicera japonica, commonly known as Japanese honeysuckle, is a medicinal herb that has been traditionally used to treat various health conditions, including fever, cough, and respiratory issues such as bronchitis and pneumonia.

The herb is also used to alleviate symptoms of colds, flu, and other viral infections. Main health benefits of Lonicera japonica include its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties, which help to reduce inflammation, fight off infections, and promote overall well-being. The herb's therapeutic properties are attributed to its main bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and glycosides, which have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities.

Lonicera japonica is often prepared as a tea, with the dried flowers and leaves being steeped in hot water to release their medicinal properties and create a soothing, antiviral brew.

The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Lonicera japonica, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.

ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Lonicera japonica provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.

BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Lonicera japonica. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.

What are the main medicinal uses of Lonicera japonica?

The main medicinal uses of Lonicera japonica are treating fever through its antipyretic activity due to the presence of flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

It also effectively alleviates diarrhea, as the plant's iridoid glycosides, like loniceroside, have antimicrobial properties that combat the pathogens causing the infection. Additionally, the plant's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, attributed to its triterpenoid saponins, make it a suitable treatment for rheumatism. Furthermore, Lonicera japonica's expectorant and antitussive properties, resulting from the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, facilitate the relief of cough.

Its vasodilatory and antioxidant effects, caused by the flavonoids and phenolic acids, help in managing hypertension, sore throat, inflammation, migraine, skin infections, and malaria, by reducing oxidative stress and improving blood circulation.

The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Lonicera japonica.

The list below provide more details on why Lonicera japonica is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.

• Fever: It contains compounds with antipyretic properties, which help reduce fever by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
• Diarrhea: The plant's extract is used to treat diarrhea due to its anti-diarrheal properties, which help reduce the frequency and urgency of bowel movements and alleviate symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloating.
• Asthma: The plant's extract has been traditionally used to treat asthma due to its anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects, which help reduce inflammation in the airways and make breathing easier.
• Inflammation: It contains anti-inflammatory compounds that help reduce inflammation by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, making it useful for treating various inflammatory conditions.
• Cough: The plant's extract is used to treat cough due to its expectorant properties, which help thin and loosen mucus, making it easier to cough up and relieving congestion in the chest and lungs.
• Influenza: The plant's extract has been traditionally used to treat influenza due to its antiviral properties, which help reduce the severity and duration of the illness by inhibiting the replication of the influenza virus.
• Hypertension: It contains compounds that help lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels and improving blood flow, making it useful for treating hypertension and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Diabetes: The plant's extract has been traditionally used to treat diabetes due to its antidiabetic properties, which help lower blood sugar levels by improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
• Gastritis: The plant's extract is used to treat gastritis due to its anti-inflammatory and protective properties, which help reduce inflammation in the stomach lining and alleviate symptoms such as abdominal pain and nausea.
• Gastroenteritis: The plant's extract is used to treat gastroenteritis due to its anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties, which help reduce inflammation in the stomach and intestines and alleviate symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Lonicera japonica, in each of the major medicinal systems.

Modern Western Medicine

In modern western medicine, Lonicera japonica is used to treat fever and cough, often associated with respiratory infections like influenza.

The plant's antiviral properties also help alleviate gastroenteritis and diarrhea, while its flavonoids have been shown to reduce hypertension and lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, which are linked to diabetes and obesity. Additionally, Lonicera japonica has been studied for its anti-inflammatory effects, which can benefit patients with arthritis, asthma, and other inflammatory conditions, including gastritis and hepatitis. Furthermore, the plant's antimicrobial properties have been effective against bacterial infections like tonsillitis and urinary tract infections, as well as skin infections and anxiety disorders.

The flavonoids and phenolic acids in Lonicera japonica have also demonstrated potential in reducing the risk of certain cancers and migraines, while its antioxidant properties may help alleviate dyspepsia and gastritis, and its antiviral properties may help combat cancer and other conditions.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

In traditional chinese medicine, Lonicera japonica is used to treat fever by reducing body temperature and alleviate symptoms.

The plant's antiviral properties make it effective in treating diarrhea, as well as rheumatism by reducing inflammation and relieving pain. Additionally, Lonicera japonica is used to treat asthma by reducing airway inflammation and relieving symptoms of nausea. It is also employed to treat inflammation, vomiting, eczema, cough, influenza, sore throat, and dysentery by modulating the immune response and reducing oxidative stress.

Furthermore, Lonicera japonica is used to treat dyspepsia, gastritis, gastroenteritis, diabetes, migraine, hypertension, cold, and indigestion by regulating blood sugar levels, reducing inflammation, and promoting digestive health.

Ayurvedic Medicine

In ayurvedic medicine, Lonicera japonica is used to treat fever, diarrhea, and inflammation.

This plant is also employed to alleviate symptoms of asthma, gastroenteritis, and cough, as well as conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and vomiting. The root is used to treat gastritis, eczema, and hepatitis, while its leaves are used to treat influenza and digestive issues. Additionally, Lonicera japonica is used to alleviate anxiety, arthritis, and skin infections, as well as more severe conditions like malaria and pneumonia.

Its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties also make it useful in treating dyspepsia and other conditions.

Unani Medicine

In unani medicine, Lonicera japonica is used to treat various conditions, including asthma by reducing inflammation in the airways, fever by inducing sweating and breaking the fever cycle, and cough by soothing the throat and reducing mucus production.

It is also employed to alleviate diarrhea and dyspepsia through its antimicrobial and carminative properties, as well as to regulate hypertension and prevent strokes by lowering blood pressure. Additionally, Lonicera japonica is used to cure skin infections, such as eczema and acne, by its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and to manage diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing blood glucose levels. Furthermore, it is used to treat rheumatism by reducing inflammation and pain, and to alleviate migraine and inflammation by its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.

It is also employed to cure urinary tract infections, bronchitis, sore throat, gastritis, epilepsy, influenza, gastroenteritis, and anxiety by its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.

Homeopathic Medicine

In homeopathic medicine, Lonicera japonica is used to treat fever by reducing body temperature and alleviating symptoms.

It is also effective in managing diarrhea, especially in children, by regulating bowel movements and preventing dehydration. Lonicera japonica is used to prevent the onset of influenza and alleviate its symptoms such as sore throat and cough. In addition, it is used to treat gastritis, gastric ulcers, and digestive issues like dyspepsia, gastritis, and vomiting.

Furthermore, it is used to manage respiratory conditions like asthma, bronchitis, respiratory infections, pneumonia, and cough, as well as skin inflammation, rheumatism, tonsillitis, gastroenteritis, migraine, hypertension, and diabetes, showcasing its broad application in homeopathic medicine.

What are the primary health benefits of Lonicera japonica?

Lonicera japonica reduces inflammation through its flavonoids and phenolic acids, which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and nitric oxide production.

Suppressed bacterial growth is attributed to its antimicrobial properties, particularly its ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Fights cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, resulting in the inhibition of cancer cell growth.

Lonicera japonica shows antiviral properties, demonstrated by its ability to inhibit the replication of the herpes simplex virus. The plant's anti-cancer properties are linked to its ability to inhibit the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, while treating skin rashes is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

Lonicera japonica has anti-anxiety effects due to its ability to modulate the neurotransmitter GABA, and its anti-inflammatory properties help reduce oxidative stress and support digestive health.

The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Lonicera japonica.

The list below provides more details on why Lonicera japonica offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.

• Reduces Inflammation: This plant contains compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce inflammation in the body by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines.
• Suppresses Bacterial: The plant's extracts have been shown to exhibit antibacterial properties, which help to suppress the growth of bacteria and prevent infections by disrupting the bacterial cell wall and interfering with their metabolic processes.
• Fights Cancer Cells: The plant contains compounds that have been found to have anti-cancer properties, which help to inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, blocking cell cycle progression, and preventing angiogenesis.
• Shows Antiviral: The plant's extracts have been shown to exhibit antiviral properties, which help to prevent the replication of viruses and alleviate viral infections by inhibiting viral entry, replication, and release, and inducing the production of interferon and other antiviral cytokines.
• Has Anti-Cancer: The plant's compounds have been found to have anti-cancer properties, which help to prevent the development and progression of cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and preventing angiogenesis.
• Treats Skin Rashes: The plant's extracts have been used to treat skin rashes and other dermatological conditions, such as eczema and acne, by reducing inflammation, preventing bacterial and fungal infections, and promoting wound healing.
• Helps Manage Anxiety: The plant's compounds have been found to have anxiolytic properties, which help to reduce anxiety and stress by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and GABA, and promoting relaxation and sleep.
• Has Anti-Inflammatory: The plant's compounds have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce inflammation and alleviate conditions such as arthritis, asthma, and other inflammatory diseases.
• Reduces Oxidative Stress: The plant's antioxidants help to reduce oxidative stress and alleviate conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease by scavenging free radicals, reducing lipid peroxidation, and promoting cellular defense mechanisms.
• Supports Digestive Health: The plant's extracts have been used to treat digestive disorders, such as diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome, by regulating bowel movements, preventing bacterial and fungal infections, and promoting the growth of beneficial gut microbiota.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Lonicera japonica for each of the major body system.

Circulatory System

Lonicera japonica lowers blood pressure through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which counteract the effects of free radicals and pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to hypertension.

Improved circulation is facilitated by the plant's vasodilatory effects, as it relaxes blood vessels and enhances endothelial function, allowing for increased blood flow and reduced vascular resistance. Reduced inflammation in the cardiovascular system is a result of the plant's anti-inflammatory properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids, leading to a decrease in inflammation-induced damage. By boosting oxygenation and preventing blood clots, the plant's antioxidant properties and flavonoids help maintain healthy blood vessels and prevent thrombosis.

Regular consumption of Lonicera japonica also improves heart rate and reduces cholesterol levels through its antimicrobial and cardio-protective effects, ultimately contributing to improved cardiovascular health and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Hypertension
• Varicose veins
• Atherosclerosis
• High cholesterol
• Angina
• Cardiac insufficiency
• Raynaud's disease

Digestive System

Lonicera japonica stimulates digestion by containing flavonoids and phenolic acids that enhance digestive enzyme activity and bile secretion.

This plant reduces inflammation in the digestive tract due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Lonicera japonica soothes diarrhea by acting as an antimicrobial agent, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi that cause gastrointestinal infections. Additionally, it relieves constipation by regulating bowel movements and improving gut motility, while also boosting appetite through its anxiolytic properties that reduce stress and anxiety.

The plant's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties also protect gut lining integrity, calm irritation, promote regularity, fight bacterial infections, and sustain gut health by maintaining the balance of gut microbiota.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Peptic ulcer
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Diarrhea
• Inflammatory bowel disease

Endocrine System

Lonicera japonica regulates thyroid function by its antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress that disrupts thyroid hormone production.

Stabilizes insulin sensitivity through its anti-inflammatory compounds, which reduce inflammation in pancreatic islets and improve insulin signaling. The plant's neuroprotective properties modulate adrenaline levels by preventing the breakdown of neurotransmitters and maintaining a stable nervous system. Lonicera japonica supports pituitary function with its adaptogenic properties, which help the pituitary gland adapt to stress and maintain homeostasis.

Additionally, it reduces cortisol levels with its sedative and anxiolytic properties, increases testosterone with its androgenic activity, maintains metabolism with its lipolytic properties, suppresses hyperglycemia with its glycosidase inhibitors, balances hormones with its endocrine modulating activity, and prevents hypoglycemia with its gluconeogenic stimulation.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Hyperglycemia
• Hypothyroidism
• Adrenal insufficiency

Integumentary System

Lonicera japonica protects skin from environmental damage due to its antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress.

The plant's anti-inflammatory properties prevent irritation, reducing redness and swelling that can lead to discomfort. Lonicera japonica reduces acne by inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, a bacterium that causes this skin condition. The plant's antimicrobial and soothing properties soothe burns, promoting wound healing and reducing the risk of infection.

Its antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties heal wounds, reduce inflammation, fight fungal infections, prevent allergic reactions, and accelerate healing, ultimately leading to faster recovery from skin-related issues.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Acne
• Atopic dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Wound healing
• Skin infections

Lymphatic System

Lonicera japonica stimulate lymph flow, which is attributed to its saponin content, that has been found to enhance the contraction of lymphatic vessels.

Regular consumption of Lonicera japonica has been shown to regulate lymph node, with its flavonoids acting as a lymph node modulator, reducing the risk of lymph node metastasis. The plant's immunomodulatory properties, including its antimicrobial and antiviral activities, help boost immune system, increasing the body's defense against pathogens. Lonicera japonica also enhances detoxification, facilitated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce oxidative stress and inflammation associated with lymph congestion.

Furthermore, Lonicera japonica improve lymph circulation, increase white blood cell count, prevent lymph congestion, strengthen immune response, and promote lymph health, all of which contribute to its overall reputation as a valuable herbal remedy for lymphatic system health.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Lymphadenitis
• Edema
• Lymphangitis
• Lymphoma
• Lymphostasis
• Erysipelas
• Lymphoedema

Musculoskeletal System

Lonicera japonica relieves arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which reduce joint swelling and prevent cartilage degradation.

The plant's ability to reduce inflammation also makes it effective in easing pain and soothing joints, particularly those affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, Lonicera japonica stimulates bone growth and density, preventing osteoporosis by promoting osteoblastic activity and inhibiting osteoclastic activity. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties help in healing fractures by reducing the formation of scar tissue and promoting the growth of new bone tissue.

By reducing inflammation, stimulating bone growth, and relaxing muscles, Lonicera japonica calms nerves, protects ligaments, and promotes a range of musculoskeletal health benefits, ultimately leading to a reduction in the risk of various musculoskeletal disorders.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Muscle spasm
• Arthritis
• Tendinitis
• Fibromyalgia
• Sprains
• Tendinosis
• Muscle strain

Nervous System

Lonicera japonica stabilizes nerve function through its flavonoid compounds that exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Alleviating anxiety symptoms is also attributed to the plant's flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins, which modulate the neurotransmitter system and exhibit anxiolytic effects. By reducing stress hormones, Lonicera japonica's triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, mitigating the body's stress response. Improved sleep quality can be achieved through the plant's sedative and hypnotic effects, mediated by its flavonoids and alkaloids, which regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

Furthermore, Lonicera japonica's ability to relax muscle tension is due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, while also protecting against neurodegeneration and regulating mood swings, decreasing inflammation levels, enhancing cognitive function, and increasing neurotransmitter production through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Anxiety
• Insomnia
• Hypertension
• Epilepsy
• Schizophrenia
• Depression
• Fatigue

Reproductive System

Lonicera japonica stimulate ovulation by containing flavonoids and phenolic acids with estrogenic activity, which mimic the effects of estrogen to stimulate the release of an ovum from the ovaries.

Regulate menstruation is also facilitated by Lonicera japonica due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce uterine inflammation and promote a regular menstrual cycle. Enhance fertility is attributed to the antioxidant properties of Lonicera japonica, which protect sperm and eggs from oxidative damage and improve their viability. Reduce infertility is achieved through the antimicrobial activity of Lonicera japonica, which eliminates infections that can damage reproductive organs and compromise fertility.

Improve hormone balance, boost reproductive health, increase sperm count, relieve menstrual cramps, normalize ovulation cycle, and support menopausal health are also provided by Lonicera japonica's adaptogenic properties, which help the body adapt to stress and promote balance in the endocrine system.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Menopausal hot flashes
• Hysteritis
• Menorrhagia
• Dysmenorrhea
• Infertility
• Pregnancy complications

Respiratory System

Lonicera japonica relieve congestion by its antimicrobial properties that destroy bacteria, preventing the growth of pathogens that cause respiratory issues.

Ease breathing is facilitated through the plant's anti-inflammatory properties, reducing swelling in the airways and making it easier to inhale. Reduce inflammation in the respiratory tract is achieved through the antioxidant activity of Lonicera japonica, which neutralizes free radicals that cause tissue damage. Prevent infections by the antimicrobial action of the plant's flavonoids, such as luteolin and quercetin, that inhibit the growth of infectious agents.

Soothe coughs by the expectorant properties of Lonicera japonica, which help to loosen and clear mucus from the lungs, open airways by relaxing bronchial muscles, and calm irritation in the respiratory tract through its antispasmodic activity, while fighting allergies by modulating the immune response to allergens and enhancing immunity through its immunomodulatory effects.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Asthma
• Cough
• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Sore throat

Urinary System

Lonicera japonica relieves urinary tract issues through its antimicrobial properties, reducing bacterial infections.

It reduces bladder infection by inhibiting the growth of uropathogenic bacteria and alleviating inflammation. The antioxidant properties of Lonicera japonica prevent kidney damage by neutralizing free radicals and protecting renal tissues from oxidative stress. Eases urinary incontinence due to its anti-inflammatory effects on the bladder and urethra, reducing spasms and promoting smooth muscle relaxation.

Lonicera japonica cures urinary stones by its diuretic properties, increasing urine production and flushing out minerals and salts that contribute to stone formation, treats prostate issues by its anti-androgenic effects, protects bladder health through its anti-mutagenic properties, cleans urinary system by its choleretic effects, soothes bladder irritation by its anti-spasmodic properties, and heals urinary problems by its immunomodulatory effects.

The medicinal benefits of Lonicera japonica on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Urinary tract infection
• Kidney stones
• Prostatitis
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Hematuria

What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Lonicera japonica?

The therapeutic properties of Lonicera japonica are attributed to its antimicrobial activity, which can be attributed to its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and saponins, that inhibit the growth of various pathogens.

The plant's antioxidant properties help protect cells from oxidative damage, scavenging free radicals and preventing lipid peroxidation, which is responsible for cellular damage. Lonicera japonica's anti-inflammatory properties are also well-documented, with studies showing that its bioactive compounds, such as saponins and phenolic acids, can reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with various conditions. Additionally, the plant exhibits analgesic and antispasmodic properties, which can provide relief from pain and muscle spasms, respectively, due to the presence of bioactive compounds like flavonoids and volatile oils.

Furthermore, Lonicera japonica has been found to possess hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties, which can help protect the liver and heart from damage caused by toxins and oxidative stress, respectively.

The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Lonicera japonica.

The list below provides more details on why Lonicera japonica has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.

• Antimicrobial: Lonicera japonica has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial properties, particularly against certain bacteria and fungi, due to the presence of compounds such as chlorogenic acid and luteolin.
• Antioxidant: The plant Lonicera japonica contains antioxidants like flavonoids and phenolic acids, which have been found to scavenge free radicals and protect against oxidative stress.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Lonicera japonica has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties, attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, which can reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of conditions such as arthritis.
• Analgesic: The plant Lonicera japonica has been traditionally used to relieve pain, and studies have shown that it contains analgesic compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids, which can help reduce pain and discomfort.
• Hepatoprotective: Lonicera japonica has been found to exhibit hepatoprotective properties, as it can protect against liver damage caused by toxins and other harmful substances, likely due to the presence of compounds like chlorogenic acid and luteolin.
• Cardioprotective: The plant Lonicera japonica has been found to possess cardioprotective properties, as it can help protect against cardiovascular diseases by reducing cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and blood pressure, likely due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids.
• Antispasmodic: Lonicera japonica has been traditionally used to relieve muscle spasms and cramps, and studies have shown that it contains antispasmodic compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids, which can help relax muscles and alleviate symptoms of conditions such as asthma.

What are the major healing constituents of Lonicera japonica?

The healing constituents of Lonicera japonica are saponins, flavonoids, quercetin, kaempferol, and phenolic acids.

Saponins exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, contributing to the plant's wound-healing and antiseptic effects. Flavonoids, particularly quercetin and kaempferol, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which may help alleviate symptoms of allergies and respiratory issues. Phenolic acids also have antioxidant properties, which can protect against oxidative stress and cell damage.

The combination of these bioactive compounds in Lonicera japonica is thought to contribute to its traditional uses in treating fever, sore throats, and other inflammatory conditions.

The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Lonicera japonica.

The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Lonicera japonica and why they are important for health.

• Saponins: Saponins are a type of bioactive glycoside found in Lonicera japonica, exhibiting hemolytic and cytotoxic properties.
• Flavonoids: Lonicera japonica flavonoids are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
• Quercetin: Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties.
• Kaempferol: Kaempferol is a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, and it has shown potential in inhibiting cancer cell growth and improving cardiovascular health.
• Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are a type of compound that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid, which have been found to possess antimicrobial and antitumor activities.
• Glycosides: Glycosides present in Lonicera japonica are triterpenoid glycosides, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.
• Coumarins: Coumarins are a group of phenolic compounds found in Lonicera japonica, possessing anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
• Isorhapontigenin: Isorhapontigenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
• Triterpenoids: Triterpenoids are constituents of Lonicera japonica that exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
• Terpenoids: A constituent of Lonicera japonica, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties

The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Lonicera japonica and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.

What are the most used parts of Lonicera japonica in medicine?

The most used parts of Lonicera japonica for medicinal purposes are flowers, leaves, and roots.

The flowers of Lonicera japonica contain flavonoids, particularly kaempferol and quercetin, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The leaves of Lonicera japonica are rich in saponins, which are responsible for their anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antiviral activities. The roots of Lonicera japonica are a source of volatile oils, including linalool and borneol, which possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties.

These bioactive compounds are responsible for the plant's traditional use in treating various ailments, including fever, cough, and gastrointestinal disorders.

The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Lonicera japonica in medicine.

The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Lonicera japonica in medicine and why.

• Flowers: The flowers of this plant contain major bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and iridoids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, providing primary health benefits including wound healing, antimicrobial resistance prevention, and cardiovascular disease prevention.
• Leaves: The leaves of this plant are rich in bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides, which display anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, leading to main medicinal properties such as fever reduction, pain relief, and immune system enhancement, and resulting in primary health benefits including fever reduction, pain management, and prevention of respiratory tract infections.
• Roots: The roots of this plant contain bioactive compounds including triterpenoid saponins, iridoid glycosides, and phenolic acids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, providing main medicinal properties such as anti-edema, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer activities, and resulting in primary health benefits including anti-edema, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer effects.

The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Lonicera japonica mentioned above.

What are the most common medicinal preparations of Lonicera japonica?

The most common herbal preparation of Lonicera japonica for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are used to treat fever, sore throats, and coughs.

A decoction, often used for its expectorant properties, is commonly administered to patients with bronchitis and asthma. Lonicera japonica salve is applied topically to reduce inflammation and promote wound healing. A tea made from the plant is used to alleviate symptoms of flu and common colds.

The medicinal properties of Lonicera japonica preparations also make them useful in treating viral infections and sore throats.

The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Lonicera japonica.

The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Lonicera japonica and what are their main uses.

• Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used for fever reduction, sore throats, coughs, and as an expectorant to aid in relieving respiratory congestion.
• Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used to treat fever, reduce inflammation, and relieve cough, as well as to support the immune system and promote wound healing.
• Salve: Salve made from this plant is used topically to treat fever, inflammation, and infections, and as an antiviral and antibacterial agent.
• Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat fever, sore throats, and relieve coughs, as well as to aid in digestion and reduce inflammation.

The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Lonicera japonica for each medicinal preparation.

Tincture

Lonicera japonica tincture is used to treat influenza, fever, respiratory issues, gastrointestinal problems, migraine, diarrhea, and skin irritation.

It's a common herbal preparation used in traditional medicine. The tincture has a common effect of reducing symptoms associated with these conditions. Lonicera japonica tincture is typically made from the roots, leaves, and flowers of the Lonicera japonica plant.

However, this preparation is often difficult to make due to the need for precise methods and equipment to extract the desired compounds from the plant materials.

Below you find an image of Lonicera japonica tincture.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Lonicera japonica tincture.

1. Harvest fresh roots, leaves, and flowers of Lonicera japonica, clean them, and dry them thoroughly.
2. Combine the dried roots, leaves, and flowers in a 1:1:1 ratio to create the herbal blend.
3. Place the herbal blend in a clean glass jar, and add 80-90% vodka or a similar solvent as the menstruum.
4. Steep the mixture in a cool, dark place for 2-3 weeks, shaking the jar occasionally to facilitate extraction.
5. Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another clean glass container, discarding the solids and retaining the tincture.

Decoction

Lonicera japonica decoction is a traditional herbal preparation used to treat various ailments such as fever, common cold, influenza, dysentery, diarrhea, vomiting, malaria, and enteritis.

It's a commonly used remedy in many cultures, often prepared from the leaves and roots of the Lonicera japonica plant. The decoction's common effect is to reduce fever and alleviate symptoms of the aforementioned conditions. The preparation is relatively widespread, reflecting its perceived effectiveness and availability.

To make Lonicera japonica decoction, one must gather the required plant material, which can be moderately challenging due to the need to identify and harvest the correct leaves and roots.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Lonicera japonica decoction.

1. Gather Lonicera japonica leaves and roots, then clean and chop them into small pieces.
2. Combine the chopped leaves and roots in a heat-resistant container.
3. Add a sufficient amount of water to the container, then bring the mixture to a boil.
4. Reduce the heat to a simmer and let the decoction steep for an extended period.
5. Strain the decoction through a cheesecloth or fine-mesh sieve into a clean container, discarding the solids.

Salve

Lonicera japonica salve is a topical preparation used to treat various conditions including herpes, gastritis, skin irritation, eczema, and acne.

It's widely used in traditional medicine due to its common application. This herbal salve typically has an anti-inflammatory effect, reducing swelling and redness associated with the treated conditions. The preparation is made from the leaves and flowers of the Lonicera japonica plant, which are harvested and combined in a specific ratio.

However, the process of making Lonicera japonica salve is time-consuming and requires extensive knowledge of herbalism, as it involves precise extraction and concentration of the plant's active compounds.

Below you find an image of Lonicera japonica salve.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Lonicera japonica salve.

1. Gather fresh Lonicera japonica leaves and flowers, and clean them thoroughly to remove any dirt or debris.
2. Combine the cleaned Lonicera japonica leaves and flowers in a pot and add enough carrier oil to completely submerge them.
3. Heat the mixture over low heat for several hours, allowing the plant's medicinal properties to infuse into the oil.
4. Strain the infused oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean container, discarding the solids.
5. Mix the infused oil with a natural wax, such as beeswax, to thicken it and create a salve, then pour the mixture into small containers to cool and solidify.

Tea

Lonicera japonica tea, also known as honeysuckle tea, is used to treat cold, influenza, fever, respiratory issues, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, gastroenteritis, and nausea.

It's a very common herbal remedy that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, particularly in East Asia. One of the well-documented effects of this tea is its ability to reduce fever and alleviate symptoms associated with respiratory infections.

It's made by infusing the leaves and flowers of the Lonicera japonica plant in hot water, a process that's easy to do at home.

Below you find an image of Lonicera japonica tea.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Lonicera japonica tea.

1. Gather fresh or dried Lonicera japonica leaves and flowers from a trusted source.
2. Clean and dry the Lonicera japonica leaves and flowers to prevent any contamination.
3. Combine equal parts of Lonicera japonica leaves and flowers in a clean tea infuser or muslin bag.
4. Steep the Lonicera japonica mixture in boiling water for 5-7 minutes to allow for proper infusion.
5. Strain the tea and discard the solids, then serve the Lonicera japonica herbal tea hot or iced as desired.

What are the possible side effects of Lonicera japonica if used improperly?

The possible side effects of improperly using Lonicera japonica are gag, which can occur due to the plant's toxic compounds causing irritation in the throat and esophagus.

Improper use may also lead to choke, a life-threatening condition characterized by blockage of the airway, which requires immediate medical attention. Vomit is another possible side effect, resulting from the plant's emetic properties that induce nausea and forceful expulsion of stomach contents. In addition, diarrhea is a common side effect, caused by the plant's glycosides that stimulate bowel movements and fluid secretion.

Furthermore, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, headache, chest tightness, and respiratory depression are also potential side effects, highlighting the importance of proper handling and dosing of Lonicera japonica.

The most common side effects Lonicera japonica gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Gag: Consumption of Lonicera japonica causes an involuntary gag reflex.
• Choke: Ingestion of large amounts of Lonicera japonica seeds and berries can cause obstruction of the esophagus.
• Vomit: Ingestion of Lonicera japonica causes emesis in some individuals.
• Diarrhea: Consumption of Lonicera japonica plant parts causes gastrointestinal irritation leading to watery stools.
• Abdominal Pain: Ingestion of Lonicera japonica causes gastric irritation, leading to abdominal pain.
• Nausea: Consuming Lonicera japonica can cause gastrointestinal upset, including nausea due to its toxic compounds, saponins and glycosides.
• Dizziness: Excessive consumption of Lonicera japonica causes decreased blood pressure, leading to dizziness.
• Headache: Lonicera japonica contains saponins that can cause headache and other CNS effects due to neurotoxicity.
• Chest Tightness: Ingestion of Lonicera japonica can cause histamine release leading to bronchoconstriction and chest tightness.
• Respiratory Depression: Lonicera japonica ingestion causes a reduction in respiratory rate and depth.

What are the precautions to take before using Lonicera japonica medicinally?

The precautions to take before using Lonicera japonica medicinally are use under medical supervision to ensure safe administration of the plant, and consult pregnant or breastfeeding women as its effects on the fetus or infant are unknown.

Avoid long-term use as it may lead to adverse effects or interact with other medications. Be cautious with kidney or liver issues as the plant may exacerbate existing conditions, and monitor blood sugar levels as it may impact glucose control. Avoid using Lonicera japonica if you have allergies or sensitivities to its compounds, and be aware of potential interactions with other herbs or medicines that may be taken concurrently.

Finally, start with small doses and watch for side effects, and consult local toxicity information to confirm its safety in your region.

The most important precautions you must take before using Lonicera japonica for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Use Under Medical Supervision: Contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and severe kidney or liver disease due to potential toxicity.
• Consult Pregnant/Breastfeeding Women: Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider due to lack of safety data on Lonicera japonica.
• Avoid Long-Term Use: Long-term use of Lonicera japonica can cause liver damage and decreased kidney function.
• Be Cautious With Kidney/Liver Issues: Contraindicated in patients with kidney or liver dysfunction due to potential nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects from the plant's glycosides and other compounds.
• Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: People with diabetes should monitor blood sugar levels due to Lonicera japonica's hypoglycemic activity.
• Avoid With Allergies Or Sensitivities: Individuals with allergies or sensitivities to Lonicera japonica should avoid contact due to risk of allergic reaction
• Interact With Other Herbs/Medicines: Lonicera japonica may interact with blood thinners, anticoagulants, and certain medications, such as warfarin, and exacerbate bleeding.
• Start With Small Doses: Initiate treatment with Lonicera japonica at low concentrations to minimize adverse effects.
• Watch For Side Effects: Lonicera japonica may cause gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, and interactions with certain medications.
• Consult Local Toxicity Information: Lonicera japonica contains toxic glycosides, consult local authorities for accurate information on potential risks.

Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Lonicera japonica?

Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Lonicera japonica. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.

According to a study published by "Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry", Lonicera japonica water extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects, particularly at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, which inhibited paw thickness and vascular permeability. The extract also showed a significant inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression in paw tissue. Overall, Lonicera japonica demonstrated an anti-inflammatory action for proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)-mediated mouse paw edema.

In another study published by "Scientific reports", Lonicera japonica has been found to possess antioxidant properties due to the binding affinity of its phenolic compounds to DPPH. Additionally, the extract of Lonicera japonica has been confirmed to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the activity of MAPK and NF-kB pathways. The study suggests that the phenolic compounds of Lonicera japonica have potential as active compounds for both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

A different research published by "Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan", the analysis of Lonicera japonica revealed that tetraploid plants exhibit higher levels of certain active compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and quercetin, which are beneficial for medicinal purposes. These findings indicate that Lonicera japonica has the potential to be utilized as a medicinal plant with varying active components. Furthermore, the study suggests that tetraploid Lonicera japonica may possess enhanced medicinal properties due to its higher content of certain bioactive compounds.

Related herbs to Lonicera japonica?

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