What to know about Coleus forskohlii (forskolin) before using it medicinally

Coleus forskohlii, commonly known as forskolin, is a herb that possesses several health-promoting properties, including its ability to improve cardiovascular health, reduce inflammation, and enhance weight loss.

Cultivation of Coleus forskohlii is relatively easy, requiring a tropical climate and well-draining soil, and it is often grown as a decorative plant in gardens and indoor spaces. The botanical properties of Coleus forskohlii include its unique composition of diterpenes, specifically forskolin, which is responsible for its medicinal effects.

This herb has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, with ancient references to its use found in Ayurvedic and Unani medical texts.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Coleus forskohlii.

What are the medicinal properties of Coleus forskohlii?

Coleus forskohlii helps with weight loss, improving cardiovascular health, reducing inflammation, and lowering blood pressure. It is used to treat conditions such as hypertension, asthma, and eczema. The plant is also used to enhance cognitive function and memory.

The active constituents of Coleus forskohlii include forskolin, a diterpene compound that activates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Elevated cAMP levels result in various physiological effects, including relaxation of smooth muscle, decreased inflammation, and improved cardiovascular function.

The parts of the plant most used for medicinal purposes are the leaves and roots, which contain high concentrations of forskolin. The leaves are typically harvested when mature, while the roots are dried and ground into a powder for use in supplements.

Possible side effects of Coleus forskohlii include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, particularly when taken in high doses. Long-term use may also lead to gastrointestinal irritation and kidney damage.

Precautions when using Coleus forskohlii medicinally include consulting with a healthcare professional, monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and avoiding use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is also recommended to follow the recommended dosage and avoid taking it with other medications that may interact with forskolin.

What are the horticulural aspects of Coleus forskohlii?

Coleus forskohlii grow well in warm and humid climates with temperatures between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F). It thrives in full sun to partial shade and requires well-draining soil to prevent root rot.

For successful planting, Coleus forskohlii seedlings are typically started indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date. Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep and 1 inch apart in seed trays or pots. Transplant them outdoors when they have 2-3 sets of leaves and the danger of frost has passed.

Harvesting Coleus forskohlii leaves is done when they reach a height of 12-18 inches. Pinch or cut off the top sets of leaves to encourage branching and prevent the plant from flowering. Roots can be harvested after 12-18 months of growth when they reach a diameter of 0.5-1 inch.

Coleus forskohlii is susceptible to pests like aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites, which can be managed with neem oil, insecticidal soap, or pyrethrin sprays. It is also prone to root rot, leaf spot, and powdery mildew caused by overwatering, fungal pathogens, or bacterial infections.

What are the botanical aspects of Coleus forskohlii?

Coleus forskohlii is a tropical plant species in the Lamiaceae family. It has erect, branched stems and opposite, simple leaves with serrated margins, measuring 6-10 cm long and 3-4 cm wide. The leaves are green with purple veins and a velvety texture.

Coleus forskohlii belongs to the genus Coleus and the family Lamiaceae. Its taxonomical classification is: Kingdom: Plantae, Clade: Angiosperms, Clade: Eudicots, Clade: Asterids, Order: Lamiales, Family: Lamiaceae, Genus: Coleus, Species: C. forskohlii.

This plant has several variants, including C. forskohlii var. koreensis, C. forskohlii var. minor, and C. forskohlii var. obtusifolius. These variants differ in leaf shape and size, as well as flower color and arrangement. The variants are mostly found in tropical regions of Asia.

Coleus forskohlii is native to subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. It is also found in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. It grows in open woods, forests, and along roadsides, typically at elevations below 1,800 meters.

The life cycle of Coleus forskohlii is annual. It germinates in 7-14 days and grows rapidly, producing a taproot and a stem with leaves. The plant flowers after 30-40 days, producing blue or white flowers. Seed production occurs after 50-60 days, and the seeds mature in 100-120 days.

What are the historical aspects of Coleus forskohlii?

Coleus forskohlii is a plant that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine for its medicinal properties. It was traditionally used to treat conditions such as asthma, eczema, and arthritis.

In Hindu mythology, Coleus forskohlii is associated with the god Indra, who is said to have used the plant's root to treat his son's eye infection. The plant's connection to the divine is also reflected in its use in rituals and ceremonies.

In Indian culture, Coleus forskohlii has a symbolic meaning of purity and spiritual growth. The plant's leaves are considered sacred and are used in rituals to purify the body and mind. The plant is also associated with the qualities of courage and strength.

The Charaka Samhita, an ancient Ayurvedic text, describes the use of Coleus forskohlii in the treatment of various diseases. The text notes that the plant's root is used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. The Sushruta Samhita, another ancient Ayurvedic text, also describes the use of Coleus forskohlii in the treatment of various diseases.

Excavations in India have uncovered artifacts that date back to the Indus Valley Civilization, which used Coleus forskohlii for medicinal purposes. These artifacts include pottery and stone figurines that depict the plant's leaves and roots. The discovery of these artifacts provides evidence of the plant's long history of use in medicine and rituals.