What to know about Celastrus paniculatus (malkangani) before using it medicinally

Celastrus paniculatus, commonly known as malkangani, is an herb renowned for its potent medicinal properties that contribute to improved memory, enhanced cognitive functions, and alleviated anxiety and stress.

In terms of horticulture, this plant is relatively easy to grow, thriving in a variety of environments, and is often cultivated in tropical regions for its ornamental value. From a botanical standpoint, Celastrus paniculatus is a type of evergreen vine characterized by its yellow flowers and heart-shaped leaves.

Historically, the herb has been mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic texts, such as the Charaka Samhita, and has been used in traditional Indian medicine for centuries to treat various health conditions.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Celastrus paniculatus.

What are the medicinal properties of Celastrus paniculatus?

Celastrus paniculatus helps with stress, anxiety, and depression due to its adaptogenic properties. It is traditionally used to improve cognitive function and memory. The plant is also used to treat insomnia, digestive issues, and skin conditions.

The medicinal properties of Celastrus paniculatus are attributed to its active constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. These compounds have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects.

The most commonly used parts of the Celastrus paniculatus plant for medicinal purposes are its seeds and leaves. The seeds are rich in alkaloids and flavonoids, which are responsible for its adaptogenic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Improper use of Celastrus paniculatus can cause side effects such as dizziness, nausea, and allergic reactions. It can also interact with certain medications, including sedatives and antidepressants.

Precautions should be taken when using Celastrus paniculatus, including consulting a healthcare professional before using it, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, and individuals with underlying medical conditions.

What are the horticulural aspects of Celastrus paniculatus?

Celastrus paniculatus grow well in subtropical and tropical regions with a climate characterized by high temperatures, moderate humidity, and well-defined wet and dry seasons. It thrives in full sun to partial shade conditions, tolerating a wide range of soils.

For optimal growth, Celastrus paniculatus prefers well-draining acidic to neutral soils with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. Planting in areas with good air circulation and a slight elevation to prevent waterlogging is also beneficial. Seeds or seedlings can be planted in spring or early summer.

Harvesting Celastrus paniculatus can be done when the seed capsules turn brown, indicating ripeness. Care must be taken to avoid damaging the capsules or the plant's stem during harvesting. Seeds can be collected and dried for preservation or used for planting.

Common pests affecting Celastrus paniculatus include scale insects, mealybugs, and caterpillars, while diseases such as leaf spot, root rot, and stem blight can also occur. Regular monitoring and management practices, such as pruning and applying fungicides, are necessary to prevent and control these infestations.

What are the botanical aspects of Celastrus paniculatus?

Celastrus paniculatus is a deciduous woody climber with long, slender stems and pinnately compound leaves. The leaves are dark green, elliptical, and have 11-23 pairs of leaflets. The plant produces showy white or pale yellow flowers in panicles.

Celastrus paniculatus belongs to the family Celastraceae and is classified as Celastrus paniculatus (Wild.) DC. It is a member of the tribe Celastraeeae and is closely related to other Celastrus species. The plant's taxonomy is well-established and widely accepted.

Several variants of Celastrus paniculatus are known, including 'Aureus', a golden-leaved form, and 'Variegatus', a variegated-leaved cultivar. These variants are grown for ornamental purposes and are widely cultivated in gardens and parks.

Celastrus paniculatus is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, including India, China, and Southeast Asia. It is also found in parts of Africa and the Pacific Islands, where it has been introduced as an ornamental plant.

The life cycle of Celastrus paniculatus involves an annual growth habit, with new stems and leaves emerging in spring. The plant flowers in summer, producing showy white or pale yellow flowers, followed by the development of green fruit in autumn. The plant typically dies back to the ground in winter, only to regrow the following spring.

What are the historical aspects of Celastrus paniculatus?

Celastrus paniculatus is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine in India and Southeast Asia. In ancient times, it was used to treat various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and digestive issues. It was also used as an antidote for poisoning.

In Hindu mythology, Celastrus paniculatus is mentioned in the epic poem, the Mahabharata. The plant is associated with the god Dhanwantari, who is said to have used it to heal the wounds of the gods. In Buddhist mythology, the plant is said to have been used by the Buddha to cure his own ailments.

In many cultures, Celastrus paniculatus is a symbol of longevity, strength, and good health. In traditional Indian art, the plant is often depicted alongside other medicinal plants, emphasizing its importance in Ayurvedic medicine. In some cultures, the plant is also associated with prosperity and good fortune.

Historical texts such as the Ayurvedic text, Charaka Samhita, and the Unani text, Al-Qanun fi'l-Tibb, mention Celastrus paniculatus as a treatment for various conditions, including fever and rheumatism. The plant is also mentioned in the ancient Chinese text, Shennong Bencaojing.

Archaeological findings in India and Southeast Asia have revealed the use of Celastrus paniculatus in ancient times. Excavations at the ancient Indus Valley Civilization site of Mohenjo-Daro uncovered evidence of the plant's use in medicine and ritual practices. In Southeast Asia, artifacts such as pottery and textiles have been discovered with depictions of the plant.