Zanthoxylum petiolare

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Fagara hieronymi
• Zanthoxylum paraguariense
• Fagara paraguariensis
• Zanthoxylum subserratum
• Fagara paraguariensis f. angustifolia
• Zanthoxylum tenuifolium
• Fagara paraguariensis f. fruticosa
• Zanthoxylum corumbense
• Fagara paraguariensis var. inermis
• Zanthoxylum krukovii
• Fagara paraguariensis f. latifolia
• Zanthoxylum naranjillo
• Fagara niederleinii
• Zanthoxylum naranjillo var. angustifolium
• Fagara naranjillo
• Fagara naranjillo var. angustifolia
• Fagara naranjillo var. angustifoliola
• Fagara naranjillo var. paraguariensis
• Fagara rhoifolia var. niederleinii
• Fagara tenuifolia
• Fagara subserrata
• Fagara corumbensis
• Fagara krukovii
• Fagara tenuifolia f. aculeata

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Sapindales, it is classified under the family Rutaceae. Specifically, it is identified by its genus, Zanthoxylum, and its species name, petiolare.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad distribution across several regions of South America. It is notably found in the country of Bolivia within the western part of the continent. In Brazil, its presence is widespread, spanning from the Northeast to the Southeast regions. Furthermore, the species can be located throughout the West-Central part of the Brazilian territory. Finally, its geographical range extends into the southern reaches of Brazil as well.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Zanthoxylum petiolare is characterized by its adaptability to diverse forest ecosystems and a wide altitudinal distribution. This species thrives in a variety of habitats, including Carrasco, riparian or gallery forests (Floresta Ciliar ou Galeria), deciduous seasonal forests (Floresta Estacional Decidual), semi-deciduous seasonal forests (Floresta Estacional Semidecidual), ombrophilous/rainforests (Floresta Ombrófila/Pluvial), and mixed ombrophilous forests (Floresta Ombrófila Mista). Its vertical distribution spans from sea level to significant heights, with an elevational range starting at 0 m AMSL and reaching a maximum of 1000 m AMSL, maintaining a mean elevation of approximately 1500 m AMSL across its ecological range.

Elevational range max:

1000 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

1500 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Habitat :

Carrasco, Floresta Ciliar ou Galeria, Floresta Estacional Decidual, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Floresta Ombrófila (= Floresta Pluvial), Floresta Ombrófila Mista

Life history

The life history of Zanthoxylum petiolare is characterized by its status as a perennial organism, meaning it persists through multiple growing seasons rather than completing its cycle in a single year. In terms of its structural growth strategy, the species is classified as a phanerophyte, specifically exhibiting traits consistent with both phanerophyte and nanophanerophyte classifications. This indicates that its regenerative buds are located on aerial shoots well above the ground, allowing the plant to maintain a stable, woody presence within its ecosystem over an extended lifespan.

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Zanthoxylum petiolare is characterized by a woody growth form, manifesting primarily as a self-supporting tree. As an independent species, it functions as a non-parasitic organism, typically occupying terrestrial habitats rather than aquatic or semiaquatic environments. It is not an epiphyte, maintaining a terrestrial existence throughout its life cycle. The plant exhibits a robust, woody structure that allows it to reach a maximum plant height of approximately 20 meters, standing as a self-supporting perennial without the need for climbing or liana-like behaviors.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

20 m

Woodiness :

woody

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Zanthoxylum petiolare has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf.

Leaf

1. Planta medica

Chemicals

Zanthoxylum petiolare has 4 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include (+)-Sesamin, (-)-Cubebin, (-)-Hibalactone, (-)-Kaerophylin.

(+)-Sesamin

1. Planta medica

(-)-Cubebin

1. Planta medica

(-)-Hibalactone

1. Planta medica

(-)-Kaerophylin

1. Planta medica

Preparations

Zanthoxylum petiolare has 1 reported preparations identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include hexane extract of the leaves.

Hexane extract of the leaves

1. Planta medica