spiny cocklebur
Xanthium spinosum · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (32 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Spiny cocklebura, scientifically known as Xanthium spinosum, is a resilient, thorny annual herb native to various regions. Recognized by its distinctive prickly burs, it plays a significant role in traditional medicine. This plant is studied for its diverse bioactive compounds, offering potential therapeutic applications in various pharmacological treatments.
Names
Common Names
- spiny burrweed
- spiny clotbur
- spiny cocklebur
- Bathurst-bur
- clotweed
- common cocklebur
- prickly burweed
- Bathurst Burr
- Bathurst Bush
- Burrweed
- Clotbur
- Dagger Cocklebur
- Dagger-Weed
- Spiny Burweed
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- abrojos, arrancamoños, cardillos
- cachurrera menor
- pegotes
- Amorcito
- abrojo chico
- arrancamoños
German:
- Dornige Spitzklette
- dornige Spitzklette
French:
- lampourde épineuse
- lampourde épineuse
- petite bardane
- Lampourde epineuse
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Xanthium spinosumSynonyms
- Acanthoxanthium spinosum
- Xanthium spinosum f. inerme
- Xanthium multifidum
- Xanthium spinosum var. brachyacanthum
- Xanthium spinosum f. laciniatum
- Xanthium spinosum var. pseudinerme
- Xanthium medium
- Xanthium armatum
- Xanthium brachyacanthum
- Xanthium spinosum var. inerme
- Xanthium xanthocarpum
- Xanthium canescens
- Xanthium chrysacanthum
- Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, placing it within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. As a member of the order Asterales and the family Asteraceae, it is further classified under the genus Xanthium.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Asterales | WCVP |
| Family | Asteraceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Xanthium | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a broad presence across several regions of the European continent. In Northern Europe, its distribution includes the territories of Denmark and Great Britain. Moving toward Middle Europe, the species is well-established in Austria and Belgium. It can also be found spanning the areas of Czechia and Slovakia. Consequently, the geographical range of Xanthium spinosum covers diverse parts of both Northern and Middle Europe.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Czechia-Slovakia | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Hungary | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Netherlands | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Poland | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Switzerland | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Xanthium spinosum, is characterized by its distinctive foliage, which includes both young and mature leaf structures. The leaves are typically arranged in an opposite pattern along the stem, providing a dense canopy that aids in photosynthesis. Each mature leaf is relatively large, often displaying a lanceolate or ovate shape with serrated margins, and serves as a key identifier for the species. These leaves play a vital role in the plant's physiological processes, contributing to the overall medicinal properties associated with its vegetative growth.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| leaf | Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Xanthium spinosum has 18 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 10-Octadecenoic acid, 11-Octadecenoic acid, 15(S)-HETE, 8-Octadecenoic acid, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| 10-Octadecenoic acid | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 11-Octadecenoic acid | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 15(S)-HETE | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 8-Octadecenoic acid | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| CHLOROGENIC ACID | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Centaurin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Patuletin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Pendulin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Phytosterols | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
10-Octadecenoic acid
- Biomedical chromatography : BMC
11-Octadecenoic acid
- Biomedical chromatography : BMC
15(S)-HETE
- Fitoterapia
8-Octadecenoic acid
- Biomedical chromatography : BMC
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- Biomedical chromatography : BMC
CHLOROGENIC ACID
- Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica
Centaurin
- Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica
Patuletin
- Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica
Pendulin
- Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica
Phytosterols
- Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica
Activities
Xanthium spinosum has 6 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antibacterial, Anticancer, Antifungal, Antitumor, Diuretic.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Antibacterial | Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anticancer | Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antifungal | Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antitumor | Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Diuretic | Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Sedative | Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Xanthium spinosum has 6 reported medicinal uses identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Breast Cancer, cancer, fever, inflammation, snake bite.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Breast Cancer | Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cancer | Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| fever | Fitoterapia (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| inflammation | Fitoterapia (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| snake bite | Fitoterapia (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| tumor | Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| chloroform extract | Biomedical chromatography : BMC (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crude methanolic extract | Biomedical chromatography : BMC (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethyl acetate extract | Biomedical chromatography : BMC (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| mature leaf extract | Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| n-hexane extract | Biomedical chromatography : BMC (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |