tiebush
Wikstroemia indica · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Sparse (65 studies) · ★★☆☆☆
Tiebush, scientifically known as Wikstroemia indica, is a versatile evergreen shrub native to East Asia. Renowned in traditional medicine, it contains bioactive compounds used to treat inflammatory conditions and skin ailments. While highly valued for its therapeutic potential, careful handling is essential due to its inherent toxic properties.
Names
Common Names
- tiebush
- Bootlace Plant
- Indian Wikstroemia
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Wikstroemia indicaSynonyms
- Diplomorpha viridiflora
- Daphne indica
- Daphne indica subsp. linearifolia
- Wikstroemia pulgarensis
- Daphne indica subsp. novae-caledoniae
- Daphne zhouana
- Wikstroemia shuttleworthii
- Wikstroemia shuttleworthiana
- Daphne cannabina
- Wikstroemia forsteri
- Wikstroemia zhouana
- Wikstroemia linearifolia
- Wikstroemia valbrayi
- Wikstroemia viridiflora
- Wikstroemia subcoriacea
- Wikstroemia pachyphylla
- Wikstroemia ovalifolia
- Wikstroemia novae-caledoniae
- Wikstroemia amplifolia
- Wikstroemia indica var. amplifolia
- Wikstroemia indica var. insularis
- Wikstroemia indica var. viridiflora
- Xylosma cochine
- Daphne indica alba
- Wikstroemia purpurata
- Capura purpurata
- Wikstroemia viridiflora var. acuta
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Malvales, it is classified under the family Thymelaeaceae and is specifically identified by the genus Wikstroemia.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Malvales | WCVP |
| Family | Thymelaeaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Wikstroemia | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a broad geographical distribution spanning across various regions of Asia and the Indian Ocean. In the Western Indian Ocean, its presence is specifically noted in Mauritius and Rodrigues. Moving toward East Asia, the species can be found within several distinct areas of China. Specifically, it is documented in China South-Central, Hainan, and China Southeast. These diverse locations highlight the plant's ability to thrive in different subtropical and island environments.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Western Indian Ocean | Mauritius | WCVP |
| Western Indian Ocean | Rodrigues | WCVP |
| China | China South-Central | WCVP |
| China | Hainan | WCVP |
| China | China Southeast | WCVP |
| Eastern Asia | Taiwan | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Assam | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Bangladesh | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | India | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Sri Lanka | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Wikstroemia indica, possesses various components that are utilized for their medicinal properties. The medicinal value is often derived from the roots, which are carefully collected for processing. Specifically, the root serves as a vital part of the plant's therapeutic profile in traditional practices. Furthermore, the structural components of the plant include the stem rind and the stem bark, both of which contain bioactive compounds essential for its pharmacological applications.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| root | Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (and other 4 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| stem | Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Wikstroemia indica has 30 reported phytochemicals identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Daphnoretin, (+)-Nortrachelogenin, BETA-SITOSTEROL, Daphnoretin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, SIKOKIANIN B.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Daphnoretin | 6 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| (+)-Nortrachelogenin | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| BETA-SITOSTEROL | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Daphnoretin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| SIKOKIANIN B | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Sikokianin C | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (+)-Arctigenin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (+)-Hinokinin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (+)-Kusunokinin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (+)-Matairesinol | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Daphnoretin
- Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM
- The Biochemical journal
- Natural product communications
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
- Journal of natural products
View 1 additional sources
- Lloydia
(+)-Nortrachelogenin
- Natural product communications
- Journal of natural products
- Lloydia
BETA-SITOSTEROL
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
- Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials
Daphnoretin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
- Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials
SIKOKIANIN B
- Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin
- Planta medica
Sikokianin C
- Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin
- Planta medica
(+)-Arctigenin
- Natural product communications
(+)-Hinokinin
- Natural product communications
(+)-Kusunokinin
- Natural product communications
(+)-Matairesinol
- Natural product communications
Activities
Wikstroemia indica has 2 reported activities identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antifungal, Antimitotic.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Antifungal | Planta medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antimitotic | Planta medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Wikstroemia indica has 9 reported medicinal uses identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include arthritis, cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, whooping cough, anti-allergic.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| arthritis | Current pharmaceutical biotechnology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cancer | Current pharmaceutical biotechnology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| whooping cough | Current pharmaceutical biotechnology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| anti-allergic | Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antimitotic | Planta medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| inflammation | Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| malaria | Planta medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| syphilis | Current pharmaceutical biotechnology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| MeOH extract of powdered roots | Natural product communications (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| acetone extract | Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| dichloromethane extract | Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ether extracts | Auris, nasus, larynx (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethyl acetate extract of the root | Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| extract of roots | Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| methanol extract | Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| n-BuOH extract from the root | Planta medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| petroleum ether extract | Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| roots of Wikstroemia indica | Planta medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |