By Leen Randell

Updated: Oct 20, 2024

What to know about Vitex agnus-castus before using it medicinally

Vitex agnus-castus, commonly known as chaste tree, is a medicinal herb that has been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms associated with menstrual disorders, menopausal symptoms, and stress-related conditions such as anxiety and insomnia.

This herb has been found to provide several health benefits, including reducing hot flashes, improving mood, and promoting relaxation. The therapeutic properties of Vitex agnus-castus include its adaptogenic, anti-anxiety, and anti-inflammatory effects, which contribute to its ability to regulate hormonal imbalances and alleviate symptoms of menopause. The bioactive compounds present in Vitex agnus-castus include iridoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which are responsible for its medicinal properties.

A common herbal preparation made with Vitex agnus-castus is the dried fruit, which is often used to make teas, tinctures, and capsules, and is also incorporated into supplements and women's health formulas.

The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Vitex agnus-castus, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.

ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Vitex agnus-castus provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.

BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Vitex agnus-castus. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.

What are the main medicinal uses of Vitex agnus-castus?

The main medicinal uses of Vitex agnus-castus are its efficacy in treating endometriosis, with its constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and iridoid glycosides, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that help alleviate the condition's symptoms.

Premenstrual syndrome is another condition the plant is commonly used for, with its flavonoids and phenolic acids found to regulate hormonal balance and reduce symptoms such as anxiety and mood swings. Furthermore, Vitex agnus-castus has been shown to improve fertility in individuals experiencing infertility, likely due to its ability to regulate luteinizing hormone secretion and improve menstrual regularity. The plant has also been used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome, with its constituents found to reduce androgen levels and improve insulin sensitivity.

Additionally, Vitex agnus-castus is used to alleviate symptoms of menstrual irregularity, hot flashes, dysmenorrhea, anxiety, and hysteria, with its flavonoids and phenolic acids exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that help to reduce these symptoms.

The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Vitex agnus-castus.

The list below provide more details on why Vitex agnus-castus is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.

• Endometriosis: This herb has been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms of endometriosis, such as pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding, due to its potential to regulate hormonal imbalances and reduce inflammation in the uterus.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Some studies suggest that this herb may help to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, thereby alleviating symptoms such as irregular periods and excess hair growth.
• Premenstrual Syndrome: The herb has been found to have a positive effect on symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, including mood swings, bloating, and breast tenderness, possibly due to its ability to balance hormonal fluctuations and reduce stress.
• Hirsutism: Research has shown that this herb may help to reduce androgen levels and promote hormonal balance, which can lead to a decrease in excess hair growth and other symptoms associated with hirsutism.
• Hot Flashes: Some studies have found that this herb may help to alleviate hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms, possibly due to its ability to balance estrogen levels and reduce oxidative stress.
• Infertility: The herb has been traditionally used to improve fertility in both men and women, possibly due to its ability to regulate hormonal imbalances and improve ovulation and sperm quality.
• Menorrhagia: This herb has been used to reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and alleviate symptoms of menorrhagia, possibly due to its ability to regulate hormonal fluctuations and reduce inflammation in the uterus.
• Anxiety: Some studies have found that this herb may have a positive effect on anxiety symptoms, possibly due to its ability to reduce stress and promote relaxation.
• Anxiety Disorder: Research has shown that this herb may help to alleviate symptoms of anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder, possibly due to its ability to reduce stress and promote relaxation.
• Depression: Some studies have found that this herb may have a positive effect on symptoms of depression, possibly due to its ability to regulate hormonal imbalances and reduce stress.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Vitex agnus-castus, in each of the major medicinal systems.

Modern Western Medicine

In modern western medicine, Vitex agnus-castus is used to treat premenstrual syndrome, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, and hot flashes by regulating hormonal imbalances and alleviating symptoms associated with reproductive issues.

Additionally, it is prescribed for anxiety disorder and hirsutism to address related hormonal imbalances and mood disorders. Furthermore, Vitex agnus-castus is used to treat infertility, adrenal insufficiency, menopausal symptoms, and PMS-related mood swings by regulating hormonal fluctuations and alleviating associated symptoms. It is also used to treat menopausal hot flashes, sleep disturbances, depression, and menstrual irregularities by regulating hormonal imbalances and alleviating associated symptoms.

The plant is used to treat insomnia, menorrhagia, osteoporosis, hormonal imbalance, acne, and menopause symptoms by regulating hormonal fluctuations and alleviating associated symptoms.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

In traditional chinese medicine, Vitex agnus-castus is used to treat conditions such as endometriosis, where it has been shown to reduce symptoms by regulating hormonal imbalances.

Additionally, it is also used to alleviate symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating menstrual cycles, and hirsutism by reducing androgen levels. Furthermore, Vitex agnus-castus is effective in managing menopausal hot flashes, premenstrual syndrome, and infertility by regulating hormonal fluctuations and improving ovulation. It also has a therapeutic effect on anxiety, premenstrual tension, and menorrhagia by reducing symptoms and regulating menstrual flow.

Moreover, it is also used to treat menopausal symptoms, dysmenorrhea, adrenal fatigue, menstrual irregularity, depression, hormonal imbalance, amenorrhea, insomnia, and migraines, making it a versatile herb in traditional chinese medicine.

Ayurvedic Medicine

In ayurvedic medicine, Vitex agnus-castus is used to alleviate polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating hormonal imbalances and promoting ovulation.

It has also been found to be effective in treating endometriosis by reducing inflammation and pain, as well as premenstrual syndrome by alleviating symptoms such as bloating and breast tenderness. Additionally, Vitex agnus-castus has been used to treat hirsutism, infertility, anxiety disorders, menorrhagia, hot flashes, and adverse menopausal symptoms by regulating hormonal fluctuations and promoting relaxation. Furthermore, it has been found to be beneficial in managing mood swings, menstrual cramps, adrenal fatigue, hormonal imbalance, sleep disturbances, adenomyosis, and menopausal hot flashes.

The plant has also been used to treat dysmenorrhea, premenstrual tension, menopause symptoms, and adrenal insufficiency by regulating hormonal imbalances and reducing inflammation.

Unani Medicine

In unani medicine, Vitex agnus-castus is used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome, a hormonal disorder causing cysts on the ovaries, through its regulatory effect on androgen levels.

It has also been found to alleviate symptoms of endometriosis, a condition where tissue grows outside the uterus, by reducing inflammation and promoting menstrual regularity. Furthermore, Vitex agnus-castus is used to treat premenstrual syndrome, characterized by mood swings, bloating, and breast tenderness, by modulating hormone levels and reducing anxiety. Additionally, it is effective in managing hirsutism, a condition of excessive hair growth due to high androgen levels, menorrhagia, characterized by heavy menstrual bleeding, and infertility due to hormonal imbalance.

Vitex agnus-castus is also used to treat a range of other conditions, including hot flashes, anxiety, dysmenorrhea, menopause symptoms, hormonal imbalance, amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, adrenal fatigue, depression, adrenal insufficiency, bipolar disorder, insomnia, and pms mood swings.

Homeopathic Medicine

In homeopathic medicine, Vitex agnus-castus is used to alleviate symptoms of endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, and premenstrual syndrome, which often manifest as hormonal imbalance and pms mood swings.

It has also been used to treat hot flashes, insomnia, and sleep disturbances associated with menopausal symptoms. Additionally, Vitex agnus-castus has been found to be effective in reducing menstrual irregularity, anovulation, and infertility, as well as menstrual cramps and premenstrual tension. Furthermore, it has been used to manage adrenal fatigue, adrenal insufficiency, and hyperprolactinemia, while also alleviating symptoms of hirsutism and menorrhagia.

The plant's therapeutic properties also extend to anxiety, pms depression, and hyperprolactinemia, making it a versatile treatment option for a wide range of female reproductive health issues, including menopausal symptoms and insomnia.

What are the primary health benefits of Vitex agnus-castus?

Vitex agnus-castus reduces hot flashes through its estrogen-modulating properties, which help alleviate menopausal symptoms by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Eases menopausal symptoms, Vitex agnus-castus also alleviates mood swings by influencing the serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain, thereby improving sleep quality and decreasing anxiety levels. Treating hormonal imbalances, this plant has been shown to boost fertility rates by regulating ovulation and improving ovarian function.

Additionally, Vitex agnus-castus relieves endometriosis pain and improves libido health through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which also support adrenal function by regulating cortisol levels.

The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Vitex agnus-castus.

The list below provides more details on why Vitex agnus-castus offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.

• Reduces Hot Flashes: This benefit is due to the plant's ability to regulate hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen levels, which can contribute to hot flashes. The plant's active compounds interact with the body's hormonal system, helping to alleviate symptoms of menopause and perimenopause.
• Eases Menopausal Symptoms: The plant's ability to regulate hormonal fluctuations and interact with the body's hormonal system makes it effective in easing menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings. This benefit is attributed to the plant's capacity to balance estrogen levels and promote overall hormonal health.
• Alleviates Mood Swings: The plant's regulatory effects on hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen levels, contribute to its ability to alleviate mood swings. This is due to the plant's interaction with the body's hormonal system, which helps to balance mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.
• Improves Sleep Quality: The plant's regulatory effects on hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen levels, contribute to its ability to improve sleep quality. This is due to the plant's interaction with the body's hormonal system, which helps to regulate the sleep-wake cycle and reduce symptoms of insomnia.
• Boosts Fertility Rates: The plant's ability to regulate hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen and progesterone levels, contributes to its ability to boost fertility rates. This is due to the plant's interaction with the body's hormonal system, which helps to promote ovulation and regulate menstrual cycles.
• Decreases Anxiety Levels: The plant's ability to regulate hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen levels, contributes to its ability to decrease anxiety levels. This is due to the plant's interaction with the body's hormonal system, which helps to balance mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.
• Treats Hormonal Imbalances: The plant's regulatory effects on hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen and progesterone levels, contribute to its ability to treat hormonal imbalances. This is due to the plant's interaction with the body's hormonal system, which helps to balance hormonal levels and promote overall hormonal health.
• Relieves Endometriosis Pain: The plant's ability to regulate hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen levels, contributes to its ability to relieve endometriosis pain. This is due to the plant's interaction with the body's hormonal system, which helps to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of endometriosis.
• Improves Libido Health: The plant's ability to regulate hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen and progesterone levels, contributes to its ability to improve libido health. This is due to the plant's interaction with the body's hormonal system, which helps to balance libido and promote overall reproductive health.
• Supports Adrenal Function: The plant's ability to regulate hormonal fluctuations, particularly cortisol levels, contributes to its ability to support adrenal function. This is due to the plant's interaction with the body's hormonal system, which helps to balance cortisol levels and promote overall adrenal health.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Vitex agnus-castus for each of the major body system.

Circulatory System

Vitex agnus-castus regulates blood pressure by exerting vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects, which can be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Improved circulation is facilitated by Vitex agnus-castus' ability to increase nitric oxide production, a potent vasodilator that promotes blood flow and reduces vascular resistance. The plant's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also contribute to reduced inflammation, which in turn strengthens veins and reduces the risk of blood clots. Additionally, Vitex agnus-castus has been shown to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the absorption of dietary cholesterol and stimulating the excretion of bile acids, while its antioxidant and endothelial-boosting properties enhance oxygenation and soothe cardiac tissue.

By reducing swelling and promoting the integrity of blood vessel walls, Vitex agnus-castus also prevents the formation of blood clots and enhances overall cardiovascular health.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Menstrual irregularity
• Hot flashes
• Endometriosis
• Premenstrual syndrome
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Adenomyosis
• Hypertension

Digestive System

Vitex agnus-castus reduces inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which soothe irritation in the digestive system by reducing redness and swelling in the mucous membranes.

This reduction in inflammation prevents bloating by allowing gas to pass through the digestive system without causing discomfort. Antimicrobial properties of the plant relax muscles in the digestive tract, preventing spasms and promoting a smooth digestive process that boosts digestion. Calming the nervous system, Vitex agnus-castus calms cramping and solves constipation by regulating bowel movements and preventing the buildup of stool.

The plant's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties also alleviate diarrhea by protecting the intestinal lining and reducing inflammation, while its ability to regulate hormones heals ulcers and promotes a healthy digestive environment.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Hysteria
• Menstrual cramps
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Bloating
• Indigestion
• Nausea
• Anxiety

Endocrine System

Vitex agnus-castus regulates hormones by exerting its adaptogenic effect, which allows it to normalize the body's response to stress.

Stabilizing adrenaline levels is also crucial, and this plant achieves this by exerting anti-anxiety and anti-stress properties. Balancing estrogen is another key function of Vitex agnus-castus, as it contains phytoestrogens that mimic the effects of estrogen in the body. The plant also supports thyroid function by inhibiting the conversion of T4 to reverse T3, a process that can disrupt thyroid function.

Additionally, it reduces androgens through its selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) activity, improves insulin sensitivity by reducing inflammation, cools down heat by regulating body temperature, boosts progesterone through its phytohormone-like activity, soothes menopause symptoms by alleviating hot flashes and night sweats, and normalizes cortisol levels by reducing the stress response.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Premenstrual syndrome
• Endometriosis
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Menopausal symptoms
• Adrenal fatigue
• Hypogonadism

Integumentary System

Vitex agnus-castus reduces acne by exerting antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, a common cause of acne.

Soothing irritation and calms inflammation in the skin due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce redness and swelling. Fades hyperpigmentation by scavenging free radicals with its antioxidant activity, thereby preventing the formation of melanin. Prevents breakouts by regulating hormones and reducing sebum production, a key factor in acne development.

Vitex agnus-castus also removes scars, tightens skin, repairs damage, improves texture, and enhances radiance by stimulating collagen production and promoting skin cell regeneration with its flavonoid and saponin content.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Hirsutism
• Acne
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Menstrual irregularities
• Endometriosis
• Premenstrual syndrome
• Hot flashes
• Scalp issues

Lymphatic System

Vitex agnus-castus supports lymphatic flow by enhancing its fluid dynamics through its diuretic and vasodilatory properties, which increase blood flow and promote the removal of toxins.

This plant boosts lymphatic function by exerting anti-inflammatory effects on the lymphatic tissue, reducing swelling and promoting healthy tissue repair. Additionally, Vitex agnus-castus enhances lymphatic drainage by stimulating the contraction of smooth muscle cells in the lymphatic vessels, which accelerates the removal of waste products from the body. It also stimulates lymph node activity through its immunomodulatory properties, which regulate the immune response and prevent the accumulation of pathogens.

Furthermore, Vitex agnus-castus regulates lymphatic pressure by counteracting the effects of vasoconstrictors, maintains lymphatic homeostasis by balancing fluid and electrolyte levels, reduces lymphatic congestion by increasing lymphatic permeability, improves lymphatic filtration by enhancing the removal of toxins and waste, and activates lymphatic transport by stimulating the contraction of smooth muscle cells in the lymphatic vessels, and finally, increases lymphatic circulation by vasodilating the lymphatic vessels.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Lymphedema
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Endometriosis
• Menstrual cramps
• Pms
• Hot flashes
• Hormonal imbalance
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Autoimmune disorders

Musculoskeletal System

Vitex agnus-castus relieves joint pain by exerting anti-inflammatory properties that reduce swelling and ease pain in the affected joints.

The plant also reduces muscle inflammation, alleviates muscle fatigue, and soothes tissue irritation, making it an effective remedy for conditions such as fibromyalgia. Furthermore, the anti-estrogenic and antioxidant properties of Vitex agnus-castus ease bone degeneration, improve bone density, and relax muscle spasms, promoting a healthy musculoskeletal system. Additionally, the plant's ability to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system cures muscle atrophy by reducing muscle wasting and improving muscle tone.

By combining its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, Vitex agnus-castus reduces joint stiffness and stabilizes joints, making it an effective natural remedy for various musculoskeletal disorders.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Menstrual cramps
• Endometriosis
• Osteoporosis
• Fibromyalgia
• Muscle spasms
• Sciatica
• Tendinitis
• Arthritis

Nervous System

Vitex agnus-castus stabilizes hormones by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which regulates reproductive and endocrine functions.

This plant reduces anxiety by exerting a sedative effect on the central nervous system due to its flavonoid and iridoid content, which act as natural anxiolytics. Eases nervousness by acting as an adaptogen, counteracting the effects of stress on the nervous system, and its antioxidant properties help protect neurons from oxidative damage. Calms neurotransmitters by influencing the activity of neurotransmitter receptors, specifically the GABA receptor, which is involved in regulating sleep and anxiety.

This results in improved mood, relaxed nerves, boosted serotonin levels, soothed stress, regulated emotions, and enhanced focus, making Vitex agnus-castus a valuable natural remedy for nervous system disorders.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Premenstrual syndrome
• Menopausal symptoms
• Anxiety
• Insomnia
• Mood swings
• Depression
• Restlessness
• Neurosis
• Nervous exhaustion
• Hot flashes

Reproductive System

Vitex agnus-castus regulates menstrual cycles by exerting a positive effect on luteinizing hormone release and promoting ovulation, thereby alleviating premenstrual symptoms such as anxiety and depression.

Antimicrobial properties of the plant also reduce hot flashes in menopausal women by decreasing the production of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that cause vasodilation. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Vitex agnus-castus treat polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing androgen levels. Furthermore, the plant improves fertility rates by enhancing ovulation cycle and reducing the risk of miscarriage, which is beneficial in supporting pregnancy success.

The anti-androgenic and anti-estrogenic properties of Vitex agnus-castus also relieve endometriosis pain and stabilize hormone levels by reducing the expression of genes involved in the growth and proliferation of endometrial cells.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Pms
• Menorrhagia
• Endometriosis
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)
• Irregular menstrual cycle
• Hormonal imbalance
• Premature ovarian failure
• Andropause
• Low libido
• Menopause

Respiratory System

Vitex agnus-castus relieve congestion by releasing bronchodilatory compounds that facilitate easier breathing, while its antioxidant properties reduce inflammation that can exacerbate respiratory issues.

Reduce inflammation is achieved through the plant's anti-inflammatory flavonoids and saponins, which mitigate the body's inflammatory response and promote healing. Calm allergies are made possible by the presence of antimicrobial agents that inhibit the growth of allergenic microorganisms, thereby alleviating allergic reactions. Heal bronchitis is facilitated by the plant's expectorant properties, which clear mucus from the airways, allowing for better lung function.

Clear mucus, strengthen immunity, ease asthma, soothe coughs, prevent infections, and improve breathing are all supported by the plant's mucilaginous compounds and immunomodulatory effects, which work synergistically to promote respiratory health.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Asthma
• Allergies
• Sinusitis
• Cough
• Bronchitis
• Tuberculosis

Urinary System

Vitex agnus-castus prevents kidney stones due to its diuretic properties, which help to eliminate excess minerals from the kidneys.

Reducing urine tract infections is achieved through its antimicrobial activity, which inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria that cause infections. Improving bladder control is facilitated by the plant's ability to relax the smooth muscles in the bladder, preventing involuntary contractions. This plant regulates urine flow by modulating the autonomic nervous system, ensuring a stable and consistent flow of urine.

It also alleviates chronic cystitis, relieves urinary frequency, reduces enuresis, cures urinary tract incontinence, treats interstitial cystitis, and prevents urethritis, making it an effective treatment for various urinary system disorders.

The medicinal benefits of Vitex agnus-castus on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Urinary tract infections
• Bedwetting
• Nocturia
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Endometriosis
• Premenstrual syndrome

What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Vitex agnus-castus?

The therapeutic properties of Vitex agnus-castus are characterized by its antimicrobial activity, which prevents the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

The bioactive compounds responsible for this property include flavonoids and saponins. Vitex agnus-castus also exhibits antioxidant properties, scavenging free radicals and protecting against oxidative stress, which is attributed to its content of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Additionally, the plant has anti-inflammatory properties, reducing inflammation and pain, due to the presence of iridoid glycosides and saponins.

Its anxiolytic, antispasmodic, antihistamine, antihyperglycemic, hormone-regulating, menstrual-regulating, and sleep-promoting effects are also attributed to its bioactive compounds, including iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins, which interact with the body's physiological systems to produce these beneficial effects.

The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Vitex agnus-castus.

The list below provides more details on why Vitex agnus-castus has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.

• Antimicrobial: Vitex agnus-castus has been found to exhibit antimicrobial properties, which inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi, making it potentially useful for wound healing and preventing infection.
• Antioxidant: Vitex agnus-castus contains antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which can help neutralize free radicals and protect against oxidative stress, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Vitex agnus-castus has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which may help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with conditions such as menstrual cramps and menopausal hot flashes.
• Anxiolytic: Vitex agnus-castus has been traditionally used to treat anxiety and stress, and some studies suggest that it may have anxiolytic effects, possibly due to its ability to regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
• Antispasmodic: Vitex agnus-castus has been found to exhibit antispasmodic properties, which can help relax smooth muscles and alleviate symptoms associated with conditions such as menstrual cramps, menstrual irregularities, and menopausal symptoms.
• Antihistamine: Vitex agnus-castus does not have significant antihistamine properties, but it may help alleviate symptoms associated with allergies and histamine release, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
• Antihyperglycemic: Vitex agnus-castus has been reported to have potential antihyperglycemic effects, which may help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity, possibly due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Hormone-Regulating: Vitex agnus-castus is traditionally used to regulate hormonal imbalances, particularly in women, and some studies suggest that it may help regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, potentially alleviating symptoms associated with menstrual irregularities, menopausal hot flashes, and other hormonal imbalances.
• Menstrual-Regulating: Vitex agnus-castus has been traditionally used to regulate menstrual cycles and alleviate symptoms associated with menstrual irregularities, including dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and menorrhagia, possibly due to its antispasmodic and hormone-regulating effects.
• Sleep-Promoting: Vitex agnus-castus may help promote relaxation and improve sleep quality, possibly due to its anxiolytic and hormone-regulating effects, although more research is needed to confirm its sleep-promoting properties.

What are the major healing constituents of Vitex agnus-castus?

The healing constituents of Vitex agnus-castus are flavonoids such as kaempferol and quercetin that have antioxidant properties and may contribute to the herb's anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

The herb also contains saponins like aucubin that have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, as well as iridoids including agnuside and aucubin which may have a role in the herb's anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Phenolic acids such as caffeic acid and ferulic acid present in Vitex agnus-castus have been found to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while iridoid glycosides like agnuside and aucubin may be involved in the herb's hormonal regulation and uterine relaxation effects. The combination of these constituents may contribute to the herb's use in treating menstrual disorders, anxiety, and other conditions.

Overall, the bioactive compounds found in Vitex agnus-castus may be responsible for its potential therapeutic benefits.

The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Vitex agnus-castus.

The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Vitex agnus-castus and why they are important for health.

• Flavonoids: Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic compounds found in Vitex agnus-castus, characterized by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and estrogen-modulating properties.
• Saponins: Saponins are a type of triterpene glycoside found in Vitex agnus-castus, characterized by their foaming properties and a bitter or sweet taste.
• Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are a group of constituents present in Vitex agnus-castus, characterized by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including flavonoids, phenolic aldehydes, and hydroxybenzoic acids.
• Iridoids: Iridoids are flavonoids with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
• Iridoid Glycosides: Iridoid Glycosides are iridoid compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and estrogenic properties.
• Triterpenoids: Triterpenoids, found in Vitex agnus-castus, possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
• Coumarins: Coumarins, found in Vitex agnus-castus, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
• Lignans: Lignans from Vitex agnus-castus are a type of polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Phenolic Acids: Phenolic Acids are a type of flavonoid compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and estrogen-modulating properties.
• Alkaloids: Agnuside, a vitex agnus-castus alkaloid, has anti-proliferative, anti-androgenic, and estrogenic properties.

The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Vitex agnus-castus and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.

What are the most used parts of Vitex agnus-castus in medicine?

The most used parts of Vitex agnus-castus for medicinal purposes are flowers, leaves, and roots.

The flowers contain flavonoids, such as kaempferol and quercetin, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The leaves are rich in saponins, like aesculetin, which display anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activities. The roots, in contrast, contain lignans, including agnuside and vitexin, which possess estrogen-like effects and may help regulate hormonal imbalances.

These compounds contribute to the medicinal properties of Vitex agnus-castus, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hormonal regulatory effects.

The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Vitex agnus-castus in medicine.

The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Vitex agnus-castus in medicine and why.

• Flowers: The flowers of this plant contain major bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, iridoids, and phenylethanoid glycosides, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, providing primary health benefits including improved mood, reduced stress, and alleviation of menopausal symptoms.
• Leaves: The leaves of this plant are rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids, which display anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, resulting in primary health benefits including improved immune function, reduced inflammation, and protection against oxidative stress.
• Roots: The roots of this plant contain major bioactive compounds such as iridoids, flavonoids, and phenylethanoid glycosides, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, providing primary health benefits including improved sleep quality, reduced anxiety, and alleviation of menstrual irregularities.

The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Vitex agnus-castus mentioned above.

What are the most common medicinal preparations of Vitex agnus-castus?

The most common herbal preparation of Vitex agnus-castus for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are standardized extracts used to alleviate symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and menopausal disorders.

Essential oil preparations derived from the plant are used in aromatherapy to reduce anxiety and stress, as well as to improve sleep quality. Capsules are another form of preparation, containing powdered extracts of the plant that are used to treat conditions such as irregular menstrual cycles and hormonal imbalances. Vitex agnus-castus tea is also consumed for its potential benefits in regulating menstrual cycles and alleviating symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

These preparations are often used to support women's health and well-being, particularly during the menstrual and menopausal transitions.

The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Vitex agnus-castus.

The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Vitex agnus-castus and what are their main uses.

• Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used for menstrual irregularities, PMS symptoms, and as a hormone regulator in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Essential Oil: Essential oil made from this plant is used to treat menstrual disorders, including PMS and menopausal symptoms, and to alleviate anxiety and insomnia.
• Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat symptoms of menopausal flushes, anxiety, insomnia, and mild to moderate depression, as well as to regulate menstrual cycles and improve fertility in women.
• Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to relieve symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and menopause, as well as to support fertility and alleviate anxiety.

The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Vitex agnus-castus for each medicinal preparation.

Tincture

Vitex agnus-castus tincture is widely used to treat various female reproductive issues, including premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menorrhagia, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), libido loss, infertility, and hot flashes.

Anxiety and depression are also commonly treated with this herbal remedy. The tincture is a very common preparation, often made by combining the flowers of the Vitex agnus-castus plant with other ingredients, such as roots, in a solvent like ethanol or glycerin.

The resulting tincture is then diluted to a specific strength. The process of making Vitex agnus-castus tincture is moderately difficult, requiring precise measurements and control over the solvent's strength and concentration.

One of the most notable effects of this tincture is its ability to regulate menstrual cycles and alleviate symptoms associated with hormonal imbalances, with many users experiencing a significant reduction in symptoms after consistent use.

Below you find an image of Vitex agnus-castus tincture.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Vitex agnus-castus tincture.

1. Harvest and dry the Vitex agnus-castus flowers and roots in a cool, dark place.
2. Combine the dried flowers and roots in a glass jar to create a 1:1 ratio of plant material.
3. Add 80-100 proof vodka or glycerin to the jar to cover the plant material, leaving about 1 inch of space at the top.
4. Seal the jar and store it in a cool, dark place, shaking the mixture every day for 2-4 weeks to facilitate extraction.
5. Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another glass container, discarding the solids and reserving the liquid as the herbal tincture.

Essential Oil

Vitex agnus-castus essential oil is used to treat menstrual irregularity, PMS symptoms, endometriosis, hormonal imbalance, anxiety, insomnia and fibromyalgia.

It is a common herbal remedy, widely used for its therapeutic properties. The common effect of this oil is its ability to regulate the menstrual cycle and alleviate symptoms associated with hormonal imbalances. The oil is typically made from the flowers and leaves of the Vitex agnus-castus plant, which are rich in bioactive compounds.

The process of making this essential oil is moderately difficult, requiring skilled expertise and specialized equipment to extract the oil's active ingredients.

Below you find an image of Vitex agnus-castus essential oil.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Vitex agnus-castus essential oil.

1. Gather fresh or dried Vitex agnus-castus flowers and leaves from a trusted source.
2. Dry the gathered plant material in a well-ventilated area to remove excess moisture.
3. Use a solvent such as ethanol or glycerin to extract the essential oil from the dried flowers and leaves in a distillation apparatus.
4. Separate the essential oil from the solvent using a separatory funnel and collect the oil in a clean container.
5. Filter the essential oil through a coffee filter or a paper filter to remove any impurities and store it in a dark glass bottle.

Capsule

Vitex agnus-castus capsule is commonly used to treat menstrual irregularity, premenstrual syndrome, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, hot flashes, mood swings, anxiety, and sleep disturbances.

It is one of the most frequently used herbal preparations in the treatment of these conditions. Its widespread use is due to its well-documented efficacy in alleviating symptoms such as irregular periods, mood swings, and hot flashes. The capsules are typically made from the dried flowers and leaves of the Vitex agnus-castus plant, which contain the active compounds responsible for its therapeutic effects.

The manufacturing process is relatively simple, involving the drying and powdering of the plant material, followed by encapsulation.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Vitex agnus-castus capsule.

1. Dry the fresh flowers and leaves of Vitex agnus-castus under shade to prevent spoilage.
2. Grind the dried flowers and leaves into a fine powder using a coffee grinder or mortar and pestle.
3. Mix the powder with a suitable carrier agent, such as starch or cellulose, to create a uniform blend.
4. Fill empty gelatin capsules with the herbal blend and seal them properly to prevent spillage.
5. Label and store the Vitex agnus-castus capsules in a cool, dark place to preserve their potency.

Tea

Vitex agnus-castus tea is used to treat menstrual irregularity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premenstrual syndrome (PMS), mood swings, infertility, endometriosis, bloating, hot flashes, anxiety, sleep disturbances and adrenal fatigue.

It's a common herbal remedy, widely used in traditional medicine. Consistently, this preparation has shown to have a regulating effect on hormonal imbalances. It's made from the flowers and leaves of the Vitex agnus-castus plant.

Vitex agnus-castus tea is relatively easy to prepare, typically brewed from dried flowers or leaves in hot water.

Below you find an image of Vitex agnus-castus tea.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Vitex agnus-castus tea.

1. Gather fresh or dried flowers and leaves of the Vitex agnus-castus plant.
2. Choose a clean tea infuser or a heat-resistant cup and add the collected Vitex agnus-castus flowers and leaves.
3. Heat water in a kettle or on the stovetop to a temperature suitable for brewing herbal tea.
4. Pour the heated water over the Vitex agnus-castus flowers and leaves in the tea infuser or cup.
5. Steep the mixture for an appropriate amount of time, then strain and serve the herbal tea.

What are the possible side effects of Vitex agnus-castus if used improperly?

The possible side effects of improperly using Vitex agnus-castus are experience hormonal imbalance and develop breast tenderness in some individuals, particularly those with pre-existing hormonal disorders or breast conditions.

This herb can also cause nausea, a common side effect that may lead to dizziness and headaches in more severe cases. Additionally, users may experience fatigue, which can contribute to mood swings and vomiting, especially if taken in large doses or for extended periods.

Furthermore, improper use of Vitex agnus-castus may lead to rapid heartbeat and restlessness in sensitive individuals, who may be more susceptible to its potent effects.

The most common side effects Vitex agnus-castus gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Experience Hormonal Imbalance: Hormonal changes, particularly thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), occur due to the plant's impact on hormone regulation.
• Develop Breast Tenderness: Increased estrogen levels stimulate breast tissue growth and cause tenderness.
• Suffer From Nausea: Nausea is a reported adverse effect of Vitex agnus-castus
• Experience Dizziness: Dizziness occurs in some individuals due to sudden drops in blood pressure following ingestion of Vitex agnus-castus.
• Have Headaches: Vitex agnus-castus can induce headaches due to its estrogen-modulating effects, which may lead to vasomotor symptoms.
• Experience Fatigue: Vitex agnus-castus may cause fatigue in some individuals, particularly during the initial stages of treatment or when taken at high doses.
• Develop Mood Swings: Vitex agnus-castus extracts cause significant and rapid changes in mood, resulting in emotional instability and mood swings in some users.
• Suffer From Vomiting: Vitex agnus-castus extracts cause gastrointestinal upset, including vomiting, in some individuals.
• Experience Rapid Heartbeat: Vitex agnus-castus may cause tachycardia in some individuals due to its effect on the nervous system and heart rate regulation.
• Develop Restlessness: Excessive physical movement and fidgeting occur due to increased nervous system activity.

What are the precautions to take before using Vitex agnus-castus medicinally?

The precautions to take before using Vitex agnus-castus medicinally are to consult a healthcare professional before use, especially for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, and to monitor blood pressure and potassium levels due to its potential effects on cardiovascular health.

Avoid using Vitex agnus-castus during pregnancy and breastfeeding as it may stimulate uterine contractions and interfere with infant lactation. Additionally, interactions with antidepressants, blood thinners, and other medications require careful consideration and monitoring. Individuals with hormonal imbalances or a history of seizures or epilepsy should exercise caution when using Vitex agnus-castus, as it may exacerbate these conditions or trigger seizures.

Furthermore, users should be aware of allergic reactions or intolerance, monitor liver function and kidney health, use it in moderation and for short periods, and inform their doctor about herbal usage.

The most important precautions you must take before using Vitex agnus-castus for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Consult A Healthcare Professional Before Use: Interactions with medications, such as hormonal contraceptives and blood thinners, may occur.
• Monitor Blood Pressure And Potassium Levels: Regular monitoring of blood pressure and potassium levels is necessary due to potential hypokalemia and hypertension associated with Vitex agnus-castus use.
• Avoid During Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Vitex agnus-castus may cause uterine stimulation or abortion.
• Interact With Antidepressants, Blood Thinners: Concurrent use with antidepressants and blood thinners may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and bleeding.
• May Exacerbate Hormonal Imbalances: This plant may interact with hormonal medications, exacerbating imbalances in women with endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, or other conditions.
• Use In Moderation And For Short Periods: Excessive or prolonged use can cause side effects, including hormonal imbalance and withdrawal symptoms.
• Monitor Liver Function And Kidney Health: Vitex agnus-castus may cause increased liver enzymes, indicating liver damage, and decreased kidney function in individuals with pre-existing kidney disease.
• Avoid With History Of Seizures Or Epilepsy: Not recommended for individuals with a history of seizure disorders due to potential neuroexcitatory effects.
• Inform Your Doctor About Herbal Usage: Inform your doctor about Vitex agnus-castus usage due to potential interactions with medications, particularly blood thinners and sedatives.
• Be Aware Of Allergic Reactions Or Intolerance: Individuals may experience allergic reactions or intolerance to Vitex agnus-castus, characterized by symptoms such as skin rashes, itching, or gastrointestinal issues.

Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Vitex agnus-castus?

Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Vitex agnus-castus. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.

According to a study published by "Ceska gynekologie", the extract of Vitex agnus-castus was found to be useful in the treatment of cyclical breast pain in women, showing a quicker reduction in the intensity of breast pain. Additionally, the study revealed that the tolerability of Vitex agnus-castus was satisfactory. This suggests that Vitex agnus-castus may be a beneficial natural remedy for women experiencing cyclical breast pain.

In another study published by "Bratislavske lekarske listy", Vitex agnus-castus has been reported to have various therapeutic effects, including the regulation of menstrual cycles and relief from premenstrual complaints, which can help alleviate mastalgia or breast pain. Additionally, it has been found to have potential in treating infertility. The plant's essential oils, flavonoids, and diterpenes are also believed to have beneficial effects on respiratory and cardiovascular health.

A different research published by Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, treatment with Vitex agnus-castus extract Ze 440 significantly reduced pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in patients, with a 42.5% score reduction in the Moos' menstrual distress questionnaire (MMDQ) as the main effect parameter. This improvement was maintained up to 3 cycles after treatment cessation, with a remaining difference of 20% compared to baseline. Furthermore, the study found that 20 out of 43 patients were considered "responders" with a reduction in MMDQ score by at least 50% relative to baseline.

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