What to know about Vinca rosea (periwinkle) before using it medicinally

Vinca rosea, commonly known as periwinkle, is a herb that has been prized for its numerous health-promoting properties, which include its ability to improve circulation, reduce inflammation, and boost cognitive function.

From a horticultural standpoint, periwinkle is a low-maintenance, evergreen shrub that thrives in shady environments and can be grown in containers or directly in the ground. Botanically, Vinca rosea is a member of the dogbane family and is characterized by its bright blue or purple flowers and dark green, leathery leaves.

In ancient civilizations, periwinkle was revered for its medicinal and spiritual properties, with references to its use dating back to ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Vinca rosea .

What are the medicinal properties of Vinca rosea ?

Vinca rosea helps with various health conditions, including cancer, glaucoma, and epilepsy, due to its antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant properties. It is also used for its diuretic and vasodilatory effects. The plant has been used in traditional medicine for centuries.

The medicinal properties of Vinca rosea are attributed to its active constituents, including vincristine, vinblastine, and leucrosidine, which are alkaloids that have been isolated and used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease.

The parts of the plant that are most commonly used for medicinal purposes are the leaves and roots, which contain high concentrations of the active alkaloids. The leaves are typically harvested, dried, and processed into capsules or tablets, while the roots are often used to make infusions or decoctions.

Improper use of Vinca rosea can lead to side effects such as peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, and alopecia. Additionally, the plant can interact with other medications, including those used to treat high blood pressure, diabetes, and certain psychiatric conditions.

To use Vinca rosea medicinally, it is essential to follow strict guidelines, including consulting with a healthcare professional, monitoring blood counts, and reporting any adverse reactions. The plant should be used under strict medical supervision, and patients should be warned of the potential risks and side effects associated with its use.

What are the horticulural aspects of Vinca rosea ?

Vinca rosea grow well in well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. This plant requires a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH, ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, from 60°F to 80°F.

For optimal growth, plant Vinca rosea in the fall or early spring, when the weather is cooler. Plant the tubers 2-3 inches deep and 12-18 inches apart. Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil consistently moist during the first few weeks.

To harvest Vinca rosea, wait until the flowers have faded, and the seed pods have formed. Cut off the seed heads, leaving a few inches of stem attached to the plant. Dry the seed heads in a cool, dry place, or separate the seeds from the pods and store them in an airtight container.

Common pests of Vinca rosea include aphids, whiteflies, and slugs. Common diseases include root rot, leaf spot, and powdery mildew, often caused by overwatering and poor air circulation. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of pests or diseases, and take action promptly to prevent the problem from spreading.

What are the botanical aspects of Vinca rosea ?

Vinca rosea is a flowering plant in the Apocynaceae family. It has glossy, dark green, oval-shaped leaves, 2-5 cm long, and 1-3 cm wide, with entire margins. The leaves are oppositely arranged on the stem. The stem is slender, erect, and hairy, with a height of 10-60 cm.

Vinca rosea belongs to the genus Vinca, which consists of 6-8 species. It is a member of the tribe Vincaeae, subfamily Plumerioideae, and family Apocynaceae. The species name rosea is derived from the Latin word for "pink" or "reddish", referring to the flower color. The plant is also known as Catharanthus roseus.

There are several variants of Vinca rosea, including the blue-flowered variety, known as Vinca rosea 'Blue', and the white-flowered variety, known as Vinca rosea 'Alba'. The 'Rubra' variety has deep red flowers. Other variants may have different foliage or growth habits. These variants are often used in cultivation and breeding programs.

Vinca rosea is native to Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands. It has been naturalized in other parts of the world, including Australia, India, and Southeast Asia. The plant can thrive in a variety of habitats, including dry and humid regions, at elevations up to 1,000 meters.

The life cycle of Vinca rosea is typical of the plant family Apocynaceae. The plant produces white or purple flowers in clusters, followed by seed production. The seeds are small, 1-2 mm long, and black or brown in color. The plant can grow from seed, and it can also be propagated through cuttings or division. The plant has a relatively short lifespan, typically living for 1-2 years in the wild.

What are the historical aspects of Vinca rosea ?

Vinca rosea is a flowering plant with a long history of medicinal and ornamental use. In ancient China, it was used to treat fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions. In Europe, it was cultivated for its attractive blue-purple flowers.

In ancient Greek and Roman mythology, the periwinkle was associated with Aphrodite and Cupid, respectively. The Greek poet Theocritus mentioned the flower in his Idylls, and the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder wrote about its medicinal properties. The plant was also associated with the Egyptian goddess Isis.

The symbolic meanings of Vinca rosea vary across cultures. In Christianity, the plant's blue flowers represent the Virgin Mary. In some African cultures, it's a symbol of fertility and prosperity. In traditional European folk medicine, it was believed to ward off evil spirits.

The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates mentioned Vinca rosea in his works, noting its use as a treatment for a range of ailments. The Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder wrote extensively about the plant's medicinal properties in his Naturalis Historia. The Arab physician Ibn Sina also wrote about its use in treating fever and skin conditions.

The periwinkle has been depicted in various historical artifacts, including ancient Greek pottery and Roman mosaics. A 17th-century Dutch painting by Jacob van Ruisdael features the plant in its natural habitat. The plant's blue flowers have also been used as a motif in medieval illuminated manuscripts.