red elm

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• red elm
• Gray Elm
• Soft Elm
• slippery ellum

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Ulmus americana var. rubra
• Ulmus heyderi
• Ulmus fulva
• Ulmus pendula
• Ulmus tridens
• Ulmus pinguis
• Ulmus dimidiata
• Ulmus triserrata
• Ulmus pubescens
• Ulmus rubra f. laevis

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Rosales, it is classified under the family Ulmaceae and the genus Ulmus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical range across both North American countries. In Eastern Canada, its presence is noted within the provinces of Ontario and Québec. Moving into the North-Central United States, the species is also well-established in Illinois. Its distribution continues further into the Midwest, specifically covering the state of Iowa. Finally, the range extends southward to include parts of Kansas.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Ulmus rubra is characterized by its status as a perennial species, allowing it to establish a long-lived presence within its ecological niche. As a woody deciduous tree, its lifecycle involves a continuous cycle of seasonal growth, where it undergoes periods of dormancy during colder months and vigorous vegetative expansion during the warmer growing seasons. The plant's perennial nature ensures that once it reaches maturity, it can survive for many years, contributing to the stability of its habitat through its extensive root systems and robust structural development. Throughout its lifespan, the tree undergoes complex physiological shifts to manage nutrient storage and reproductive cycles, ensuring its long-term survival and ability to produce seeds across multiple seasons.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Ulmus rubra is characterized by its growth form as a substantial tree, typically reaching a mean plant height of approximately 25.495 m. It is a woody species that functions as a self-supporting plant, rather than a climber or liana. As a terrestrial organism, it does not exhibit aquatic or semiaquatic tendencies, nor does it act as an epiphyte. Furthermore, the plant is independent in its biological nature, lacking any parasitic characteristics.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

25.495 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Ulmus rubra is characterized by a fundamental reliance on the C3 photosynthetic pathway, a metabolic strategy common among temperate deciduous trees where carbon fixation occurs primarily through the enzyme RuBisCO within the mesophyll cells. This pathway involves the direct fixation of atmospheric CO2 into a three-carbon compound, necessitating efficient stomatal regulation to balance gas exchange with the risk of transpiration-driven water loss. To support its seasonal growth cycles, the plant exhibits robust physiological adaptations for nutrient uptake and vascular transport, utilizing a complex xylem and phloem system to redistribute carbohydrates and minerals. Its metabolic processes are highly responsive to photoperiod and temperature fluctuations, driving the seasonal transitions of dormancy and active growth through intricate hormonal signaling and starch sequestration within its woody tissues.

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Ulmus rubra is characterized by the production of seeds with highly consistent physical dimensions, featuring a mean seed mass of approximately 0.0110733333333333 g. The variation in mass is remarkably narrow, with individual seeds ranging from a minimum of 0.01106 g to a maximum of 0.0111 g. In terms of its reproductive strategy for movement, the species employs an anemochorous dispersal syndrome, relying on wind currents to transport its seeds away from the parent plant to colonize new habitats.

Dispersal syndrome :

anemochorous

Seed mass max:

0.0111 g

Seed mass mean:

0.0110733333333333 g

Seed mass min:

0.01106 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Ulmus rubra has 43 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 7-Hydroxycalamenene, ALPHA-SITOSTEROL, ALUMINUM, Ash, BETA-SITOSTEROL.

7-Hydroxycalamenene

1. Dr. Duke

ALPHA-SITOSTEROL

1. Dr. Duke

ALUMINUM

1. Dr. Duke

Ash

1. Dr. Duke

BETA-SITOSTEROL

1. Dr. Duke

CALCIUM

1. Dr. Duke

CALCIUM OXALATE

1. Dr. Duke

CAMPESTEROL

1. Dr. Duke

CHROMIUM

1. Dr. Duke

COBALT

1. Dr. Duke

Activities

Ulmus rubra has 372 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Immunostimulant, ACE-Inhibitor, AP-1-Inhibitor, Absorbent, Acetylcholinergic.

Immunostimulant

1. Dr. Duke
2. Reviews on recent clinical trials

ACE-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

AP-1-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Absorbent

1. Dr. Duke

Acetylcholinergic

1. Dr. Duke

Acidulant

1. Dr. Duke

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Allergenic

1. Dr. Duke

Amphiglycemic?

1. Dr. Duke

Analgesic

1. Dr. Duke

Conditions

Ulmus rubra has 4 reported investigations on conditions identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Streptococcus pyogenes, cold, inflammation, opportunistic infection.

Streptococcus pyogenes

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Cold

1. Reviews on recent clinical trials

Inflammation

1. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)

Opportunistic infection

1. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)

Preparations

Ulmus rubra has 1 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include Ulmus rubra.

Ulmus rubra

1. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)