By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 20, 2024
What to know about Ulmus rubra before using it medicinally
Ulmus rubra, commonly known as red elm, is a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat various health conditions, including diarrhea, dysentery, and irritable bowel syndrome.
This herb has been found to provide relief from symptoms associated with these conditions, such as inflammation and gastrointestinal issues. The main health benefits of Ulmus rubra include its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties, which help to soothe and protect the mucous membranes and skin. The herb's therapeutic properties are attributed to its bioactive compounds, including salicin, a glycoside related to aspirin, as well as other flavonoids and phenolic acids.
People often prepare a decoction by steeping the inner bark of the red elm tree in hot water to create a medicinal tea that can be used to treat various health conditions.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Journal of ethnopharmacology", Ulmus rubra has been found to significantly prevent the occurrence of cold-restraint stress induced ulcerations and inhibit gastric ulceration induced by various substances. It also reduces the volume and acidity of gastric juice, and promotes gastric mucus secretion, leading to improved gastric cytoprotection. These findings suggest that Ulmus rubra possesses antiulcer activity and may be beneficial in preventing and treating ulcers.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Ulmus rubra, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Ulmus rubra provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Fever, Diarrhea, Inflammation, Asthma, Rheumatism, Arthritis, Eczema, Hypertension, Diabetes, Infection |
| Benefits | Reduces inflammation, Lowers cholesterol, Improves digestion, Fights cancer cells, Boosts immune system, Reduces allergy symptoms, Prevents oxidative stress, Lowers blood pressure, Improves cognitive function, Reduces anxiety levels |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiseptic, Antihistamine, Pain relief, Wound healing, Cardioprotective |
| Constituents | Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins, Phenolic acids, Quercetin, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Coumarins, Sterols, Alkaloids |
| Parts | Leaves, Roots, Stems |
| Preparations | Tincture, Salve, Decoction, Ointment, Tea, Suppository, Poultice |
| Side Effects | Vomits, Diarrheas, Abdominal pain, Nauseas, Allergic reactions, Dizziness, Headaches, Rashes, Hypersensitivities, Coma |
| Precaution | Contraindicate during pregnancy and breastfeeding, Monitor blood sugar levels, Avoid with kidney disease, Use with caution in children, Consult a healthcare professional, Avoid with liver disease, Interact with certain medications, Cause allergic reactions, Use in small doses initially, Be aware of overdose symptoms |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Ulmus rubra. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Ulmus rubra?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Ulmus rubra?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Ulmus rubra?
- What are the major healing constituents of Ulmus rubra?
- What are the most used parts of Ulmus rubra in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Ulmus rubra?
- What are the possible side effects of Ulmus rubra if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Ulmus rubra medicinally?
- Related herbs to Ulmus rubra?
What are the main medicinal uses of Ulmus rubra?
The main medicinal uses of Ulmus rubra are in the treatment of diarrhea, which is alleviated by its tannins and flavonoids that inhibit bacterial growth and reduce inflammation.
Ulmus rubra also exhibits antipyretic properties, making it effective in reducing fever, due to its presence of salicylic acid, a compound similar to aspirin. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory compounds, such as isorhapontigenin, contribute to the relief of rheumatism, a condition characterized by joint inflammation. The plant's expectorant properties, attributed to its saponins and flavonoids, help in easing cough, a symptom often associated with respiratory infections.
Ulmus rubra's wound-healing properties, attributed to its tannins and flavonoids, also aid in the treatment of skin infections, headaches, and eczema, while its flavonoids and phenolic acids have been shown to prevent cardiovascular diseases and alleviate arthritis.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Ulmus rubra.
The list below provide more details on why Ulmus rubra is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Fever: The bark and leaves of this plant are used to treat fever due to their astringent and anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms.
- Diarrhea: The leaves and bark of this plant are used to treat diarrhea due to their astringent properties, which help to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms, and also due to their ability to absorb excess fluids and electrolytes.
- Inflammation: The astringent and anti-inflammatory properties of this plant's bark and leaves make it useful in treating inflammation, as they help to reduce swelling and relieve pain.
- Asthma: The anti-inflammatory properties of this plant's bark and leaves make it useful in treating asthma, as they help to reduce inflammation in the airways and relieve symptoms.
- Rheumatism: The anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of this plant's bark and leaves make it useful in treating rheumatism, as they help to reduce inflammation and relieve pain in the joints.
- Arthritis: The anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of this plant's bark and leaves make it useful in treating arthritis, as they help to reduce inflammation and relieve pain in the joints.
- Eczema: The astringent and anti-inflammatory properties of this plant's bark and leaves make it useful in treating eczema, as they help to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms.
- Hypertension: The leaves and bark of this plant are used to treat hypertension due to their ability to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health, although more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
- Diabetes: The leaves and bark of this plant are used to treat diabetes due to their ability to regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity, although more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
- Infection: The leaves and bark of this plant are used to treat infections due to their antimicrobial properties, which help to reduce the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Ulmus rubra, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Diarrhea, Arthritis, Diabetes, Hypertension, Inflammation, Gastroenteritis, Cancer, Dyspepsia, Cardiovascular Disease, Malaria, Influenza, Fever, Eczema, Hemorrhoids, Skin Irritations, Gout, Digestive Issues, Sore Throat, Wound Healing, Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Diarrhea, Fever, Rheumatism, Cough, Inflammation, Asthma, Sore Throat, Eczema, Arthritis, Hypertension, Malaria, Gastroenteritis, Headache, Toothache, Influenza, Cancer, Infection, Jaundice, Dyspepsia, Gastritis |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Diarrhea, Fever, Inflammation, Eczema, Arthritis, Diabetes, Skin Infections, Rheumatism, Hypertension, Asthma, Gastroenteritis, Cancer, Fungal Infections, Gastrointestinal Issues, Digestive Issues, Dysentery, Malaria, Hemorrhoids, Varicose Veins, Typhoid |
| Unani Medicine | Fever, Asthma, Diarrhea, Rheumatism, Arthritis, Eczema, Diabetes, Inflammation, Hypertension, Gout, Skin Infections, Dyspepsia, Gastroenteritis, Skin Infection, Cancer, Hyperlipidemia, Dysentery, High Blood Pressure, Anemia, Psoriasis |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Asthma, Rheumatism, Inflammation, Arthritis, Eczema, Gout, Hypertension, Varicose Veins, Fever, Influenza, Skin Irritation, Tonsillitis, Diabetes, Hives, Diarrhea, Allergies, Sore Throat, Psoriasis, Anxiety, Sinusitis |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Ulmus rubra is used to treat various health conditions, primarily focusing on digestive issues and diarrhea through its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
The bark of Ulmus rubra is also effective in managing arthritis by reducing joint inflammation and pain. Additionally, studies have shown that Ulmus rubra can help in regulating blood sugar levels, thereby aiding in the treatment of diabetes. It is also utilized to lower blood pressure in individuals suffering from hypertension and to alleviate symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as stomach cramps and nausea.
Furthermore, the plant is used to treat a range of other conditions, including cancer, dyspepsia, cardiovascular disease, malaria, influenza, fever, eczema, hemorrhoids, skin irritations, gout, inflammatory bowel disease, and sore throat, as well as promoting wound healing.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Ulmus rubra is used to treat various health conditions.
It is commonly employed to alleviate diarrhea by regulating the gut and improving digestion. The bark of Ulmus rubra is also used to reduce fever, which is a result of its ability to dispel heat and clear the body of toxins. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties make it effective in treating rheumatism, cough, inflammation, asthma, sore throat, and eczema, as well as arthritic conditions like arthritis.
Furthermore, Ulmus rubra has been used to treat hypertension, malaria, gastroenteritis, headache, toothache, influenza, and infections caused by bacterial or viral pathogens, and it is also believed to have antitumor and hepatoprotective effects, helping to alleviate jaundice, dyspepsia, and gastritis, including cancer.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Ulmus rubra is used to treat a range of health conditions, including diarrhea, which is alleviated by its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties.
The bark of Ulmus rubra is also used to reduce fever and inflammation, making it an effective remedy for various ailments. Additionally, it has been used to treat skin conditions such as eczema and arthritis, due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Its efficacy also extends to treating diabetes, skin infections, rheumatism, and hypertension, among others.
Furthermore, Ulmus rubra has been used to treat asthma, gastroenteritis, cancer, fungal infections, gastrointestinal issues, digestive issues, dysentery, malaria, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, and typhoid, showcasing its versatility as a medicinal plant.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Ulmus rubra is used to treat fever, and its bark is also applied to ease the symptoms of asthma.
The plant's decoction is used as a remedy for diarrhea, and its paste is applied topically to relieve rheumatism and arthritis. Ulmus rubra's roots are also used to treat eczema and diabetes, and its leaves are applied to reduce inflammation and hypertension. Additionally, the plant's extract is used to manage gout, skin infections, and dyspepsia, as well as gastroenteritis, skin infections, and cancer.
It also helps in treating hyperlipidemia, dysentery, high blood pressure, anemia, and psoriasis.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Ulmus rubra is used to treat asthma by alleviating bronchial spasms and promoting respiratory balance.
It is also employed to address rheumatism, helping to reduce joint pain and inflammation. Additionally, Ulmus rubra has anti-inflammatory properties, which make it useful in treating inflammation, arthritis, and eczema, while its uricosuric effects make it beneficial in managing gout. Furthermore, it is utilized to lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension, reduce the severity of varicose veins, and combat fever and influenza.
Moreover, Ulmus rubra has been found to be effective in addressing a range of other conditions, including skin irritation, tonsillitis, diabetes, hives, diarrhea, allergies, sore throat, psoriasis, anxiety, and sinusitis.
What are the primary health benefits of Ulmus rubra?
Ulmus rubra reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through its flavonoid and phenolic compounds, which are responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties.
This reduction in inflammation contributes to lowering cholesterol levels, as the plant's flavonoids have been shown to decrease the expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, Ulmus rubra improves digestion by modulating the gut microbiota and increasing the production of digestive enzymes, while its ability to fight cancer cells is attributed to its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities. By boosting its immune system, Ulmus rubra stimulates the production of interferon-gamma and activates natural killer cells, thereby reducing allergy symptoms and preventing oxidative stress.
Additionally, Ulmus rubra's flavonoids help lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels and reducing vascular resistance, and it improves cognitive function by enhancing memory and learning through its neuroprotective effects, ultimately resulting in reduced anxiety levels.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Ulmus rubra.
The list below provides more details on why Ulmus rubra offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Inflammation: This benefit is attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the plant, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, capable of inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and reducing inflammation in the body.
- Lowers Cholesterol: The plant's ability to lower cholesterol levels is due to the presence of phytosterols and saponins, which have been shown to inhibit the absorption of dietary cholesterol and reduce the production of cholesterol in the liver.
- Improves Digestion: The plant contains prebiotic fibers that help feed the good bacteria in the gut, promoting a healthy gut microbiome and improving digestion, as well as soothing the digestive tract and reducing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
- Fights Cancer Cells: The plant's anti-cancer properties are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, which have been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, induce apoptosis, and prevent the formation of new blood vessels that supply the tumor with nutrients.
- Boosts Immune System: The plant's ability to boost the immune system is due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, which have been shown to stimulate the production of white blood cells and activate the immune system, as well as reducing inflammation and preventing the formation of free radicals.
- Reduces Allergy Symptoms: The plant's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties help reduce allergy symptoms by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, reducing inflammation, and preventing the formation of free radicals that contribute to allergic reactions.
- Prevents Oxidative Stress: The plant's antioxidant properties, attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, help prevent oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species, thus protecting cells from damage and promoting overall health.
- Lowers Blood Pressure: The plant's ability to lower blood pressure is due to the presence of potassium, which helps counteract the effects of sodium and reduce blood pressure, as well as the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, which have been shown to relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure.
- Improves Cognitive Function: The plant's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties help improve cognitive function by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, promoting the growth of new neurons, and preventing the formation of beta-amyloid plaques that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
- Reduces Anxiety Levels: The plant's ability to reduce anxiety levels is attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, which have been shown to have anxiolytic and sedative effects, reducing stress and anxiety by promoting relaxation and improving mood.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Ulmus rubra for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Improves Circulation, Reduces Blood Pressure, Enhances Vasodilation, Regulates Heart Rate, Inhibits Platelet Aggregation, Increases Red Blood Cell, Promotes Capillary Health, Supports Arterial Flexibility, Reduces Inflammatory Response, Improves Oxygen Delivery |
| Digestive System | Digests Food, Soothes Gut, Reduces Inflammation, Heals Ulcers, Cures Diarrhea, Tones Stomach, Prevents Constipation, Calms Nausea, Cleans Intestines, Boosts Metabolism |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Adrenaline, Stabilizes Hormonal, Boosts Insulin, Balances Thyroid, Supports Cortisol, Enhances Metabolism, Reduces Inflammation, Activates Pancreas, Regenerates Ovaries, Releases Testosterone |
| Integumentary System | Protects Skin, Fights Infections, Reduces Inflammation, Soothes Irritations, Repairs Damage, Safeguards Barrier, Cures Blisters, Prevents Ulcers, Treats Eczema, Heals Wounds |
| Lymphatic System | Reduces Swelling, Improves Circulation, Boosts Lymphatic, Enhances Detoxification, Accelerates Healing, Supports Filtration, Increases Mobility, Reduces Inflammation, Promotes Relaxation, Regulates Flow |
| Musculoskeletal System | Relieves Joint Inflammation, Reduces Muscle Spasms, Eases Back Pain, Stabilizes Joints, Prevents Muscle Cramps, Reduces Arthritis Symptoms, Lessens Muscle Strains, Eliminates Sciatica, Treats Tendinitis, Cures Osteoporosis |
| Nervous System | Regulates Brain Waves, Reduces Anxiety Attacks, Stabilizes Nervous Tissue, Improves Cognitive Function, Enhances Focus Abilities, Relaxes Muscle Tension, Triggers Neuroplasticity, Soothes Nervous System, Boosts Neurotransmitters, Protects Neural Cells |
| Reproductive System | Regulates Hormones, Balances Ovaries, Prevents Abortions, Stimulates Ovulation, Maintains Fertility, Reduces Miscarriages, Supports Menstruation, Increases Fetal Growth, Enhances Fertilization, Promotes Parturition |
| Respiratory System | Relieves Asthma, Fights Inflammation, Reduces Congestion, Eases Coughing, Lowers Allergies, Cleans Lungs, Heals Bronchitis, Prevents Infections, Soothes Irritation, Calms Wheezing |
| Urinary System | Reduce Urinary Tract Infections, Prevent Kidney Stones Formation, Treat Bladder Inflammation, Soothe Kidney Pain, Relieve Urinary Frequency, Cure Urinary Tract Incontinence, Prevent Prostate Enlargement, Heal Bladder Infections, Reduce Prostate Inflammation, Treat Kidney Damage |
Circulatory System
Ulmus rubra improves circulation by utilizing its vasodilatory properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, allowing for the efficient transport of oxygen and nutrients.
This effect reduces blood pressure due to the plant's ability to inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and promote parasympathetic activity. Enhanced vasodilation and regulation of heart rate are also facilitated through the modulation of nitric oxide production, which in turn promotes capillary health and supports arterial flexibility. Additionally, Ulmus rubra exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, reducing the inflammatory response and subsequent damage to the cardiovascular system, ultimately improving oxygen delivery to tissues.
By inhibiting platelet aggregation and increasing red blood cell count, Ulmus rubra helps to maintain a healthy balance in the circulatory system.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Varicose veins
- Raynaud's disease
- Hypertension
- Phlebitis
- Poor circulation
Digestive System
Ulmus rubra digests food efficiently due to its high concentration of enzymes, which break down complex nutrients into easily absorbable forms.
Its antimicrobial properties soothe the gut by eliminating harmful pathogens and bacteria that cause irritation. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Ulmus rubra reduce inflammation, healing damaged tissues and preventing further irritation. Furthermore, its mucilaginous compounds heal ulcers by forming a protective barrier and promoting tissue repair.
Additionally, Ulmus rubra cures diarrhea by regulating bowel movements and toning the stomach, preventing constipation and calming nausea, while its cleansing properties remove toxins and waste, and its stimulatory properties boost metabolism.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Gastroenteritis
- Peptic ulcer
- Abdominal pain
Endocrine System
Ulmus rubra regulates adrenaline through its flavonoid content, which exerts a modulating effect on the adrenal glands.
The plant's antioxidant properties stabilize hormonal balance by neutralizing free radicals that disrupt endocrine function. Additionally, Ulmus rubra boosts insulin sensitivity by activating the insulin signaling pathway, which improves glucose uptake in cells. The plant's anti-inflammatory properties balance thyroid hormone production by reducing inflammation in the thyroid gland, supporting the gland's ability to produce hormones.
Ulmus rubra supports cortisol regulation by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, while its anti-oxidative properties enhance metabolism by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and function, reduce inflammation, activate the pancreas, regenerate ovaries, and release testosterone.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hyperlipidemia
- Adrenal insufficiency
Integumentary System
Ulmus rubra protects skin by possessing antioxidant properties that neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative damage.
It fights infections due to its antimicrobial properties, which inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The plant reduces inflammation thanks to its anti-inflammatory compounds, which modulate the immune response and alleviate swelling. Ulmus rubra soothes irritations and repairs damage with its emollient properties, which moisturize and calm the skin.
Furthermore, it safeguards the skin barrier, cures blisters, prevents ulcers, treats eczema, and heals wounds due to its mucilaginous compounds, which provide a protective coating and promote tissue repair.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Wound healing
- Skin irritation
- Burns
- Insect bites
- Skin infections
Lymphatic System
Ulmus rubra reduces swelling by containing anti-inflammatory compounds like salicylic acid and flavonoids that inhibit prostaglandins, which are known to cause inflammation.
Improved circulation is facilitated by Ulmus rubra's ability to relax blood vessels, allowing for increased blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. The plant boosts lymphatic function through the stimulation of lymphatic vessels and the enhancement of lymphatic fluid circulation, which is attributed to its diuretic properties. Enhanced detoxification is achieved by Ulmus rubra's ability to increase urine production and promote the elimination of toxins, primarily due to its diuretic and antioxidant properties.
The acceleration of healing is also attributed to Ulmus rubra's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which prevent infection and reduce tissue damage.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphadenitis
- Lymphedema
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Lymphocytosis
- Lymphangitis
- Erysipelas
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
Musculoskeletal System
Ulmus rubra relieves joint inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which effectively reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
This plant reduces muscle spasms through its analgesic and muscle relaxant properties, helping to ease muscle tension. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of Ulmus rubra also ease back pain by reducing inflammation and promoting healing in the affected areas. It stabilizes joints by strengthening the surrounding tissue and improving bone density, making it an effective treatment for various musculoskeletal conditions.
The antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties of Ulmus rubra prevent muscle cramps, reduce arthritis symptoms, lessen muscle strains, eliminate sciatica, and treat tendinitis and osteoporosis through its ability to reduce inflammation and promote bone health.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Tendinitis
- Arthritis
- Muscle strain
- Fibromyalgia
- Myositis
Nervous System
Ulmus rubra regulates brain waves through its sedative and anxiolytic properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids that exert a calming effect on the nervous system.
Reduces anxiety attacks by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters, particularly GABA, through its anxiolytic and adaptogenic properties. Ulmus rubra stabilizes nervous tissue due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which protect against oxidative stress and inflammation that can damage neural cells. Improves cognitive function by enhancing the activity of cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, which are responsible for attention and memory processing, respectively, through its neuroprotective and nootropic properties.
Enhances focus abilities, relaxes muscle tension, triggers neuroplasticity, soothes nervous system, boosts neurotransmitters, and protects neural cells by exerting its adaptogenic, anxiolytic, sedative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Nervous tension
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Sleep disorders
- Neurasthenia
Reproductive System
Ulmus rubra regulates hormones by exhibiting anti-estrogenic properties, which counteract excessive estrogen levels.
It balances ovaries by possessing anti-prolactinemic properties that inhibit prolactin secretion. Ulmus rubra prevents abortions by exerting anti-inflammatory action on the uterine lining, preventing implantation failure. The plant stimulates ovulation by displaying antioxidant properties that protect the ovaries from oxidative stress.
Ulmus rubra maintains fertility by exhibiting antimicrobial action against pathogens that can disrupt reproductive health, reducing the risk of miscarriages and promoting parturition.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Menstrual cramps
- Erectile dysfunction
- Premature ejaculation
Respiratory System
Ulmus rubra relieves asthma by its anti-inflammatory properties, which help in reducing the airway constriction caused by asthma attacks.
The antimicrobial properties of the plant fight inflammation in the respiratory tract, preventing the exacerbation of respiratory conditions. Reducing congestion is another benefit of Ulmus rubra, achieved through its expectorant properties, which facilitate the removal of mucus from the airways. Easing coughing is attributed to the plant's soothing effect on the mucous membranes, reducing irritation and inflammation.
The antioxidant properties of Ulmus rubra lower allergies by neutralizing free radicals that trigger allergic reactions, while its antiseptic properties clean the lungs by removing pathogens and debris, heal bronchitis by repairing damaged tissues, prevent infections by inhibiting the growth of pathogens, soothe irritation by reducing inflammation, and calm wheezing by relaxing the airway muscles.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Cough
- Inflammation
- Sinusitis
Urinary System
Ulmus rubra reduce urinary tract infections due to its antimicrobial properties, which inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the urinary tract.
It also prevent kidney stones formation by reducing the concentration of stone-forming substances in the urine, and treat bladder inflammation by its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, the plant soothe kidney pain by reducing inflammation and promoting relaxation in the renal system, relieve urinary frequency by regulating the bladder's contractions, and cure urinary tract incontinence by strengthening the pelvic floor muscles. Furthermore, Ulmus rubra prevent prostate enlargement by reducing the levels of dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that contributes to benign prostatic hyperplasia, and heal bladder infections by its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
Finally, the plant reduce prostate inflammation and treat kidney damage by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help to protect the kidneys from oxidative stress and inflammation.
The medicinal benefits of Ulmus rubra on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Urinary tract infection
- Kidney stones
- Bladder infection
- Prostatitis
- Kidney inflammation
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Ulmus rubra?
The therapeutic properties of Ulmus rubra are characterized by its antimicrobial activity, which prevents the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, while its antioxidant properties help protect the plant from oxidative stress, thereby maintaining its cellular integrity.
The anti-inflammatory properties of Ulmus rubra make it effective in reducing swelling and pain, a trait that is also associated with its antiseptic properties, which prevent the growth of microorganisms that can cause infection. Additionally, the plant exhibits antihistamine activity, which helps alleviate allergic reactions, and its ability to provide pain relief is attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Furthermore, the plant's wound healing properties are facilitated by the presence of saponins and volatile oils, which promote tissue repair and regeneration.
The cardioprotective properties of Ulmus rubra are also noteworthy, as they help protect the cardiovascular system from damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Ulmus rubra.
The list below provides more details on why Ulmus rubra has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: Ulmus rubra has been found to exhibit antimicrobial activity, specifically against certain types of bacteria and fungi, which may be attributed to the presence of various phenolic compounds and other bioactive molecules within the plant.
- Antioxidant: Ulmus rubra contains antioxidants, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, that help protect cells from oxidative damage, which may contribute to the plant's ability to mitigate various diseases and conditions associated with oxidative stress.
- Anti-Inflammatory: The extracts of Ulmus rubra have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, likely due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds that can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and mediators.
- Antiseptic: Ulmus rubra has been traditionally used as an antiseptic, possibly due to its antimicrobial properties, which can help prevent the growth of microorganisms and promote wound healing.
- Antihistamine: There is limited evidence to suggest that Ulmus rubra possesses antihistamine properties, although its flavonoids and other compounds may exhibit some degree of histamine-releasing inhibition or anti-allergic activity.
- Pain Relief: Ulmus rubra has been traditionally used to treat pain and discomfort, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which may be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as salicylic acid and other polyphenols.
- Wound Healing: The extracts of Ulmus rubra have been found to promote wound healing, possibly due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its ability to stimulate tissue repair and regeneration.
- Cardioprotective: Ulmus rubra may possess cardioprotective properties, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which can help mitigate cardiovascular disease and other conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
What are the major healing constituents of Ulmus rubra?
The healing constituents of Ulmus rubra are tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic acids, and quercetin, which contribute to its medicinal properties.
Tannins in Ulmus rubra have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities by binding to proteins and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Flavonoids, particularly quercetin, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Saponins, a type of glycoside, have been found to have antifungal and antibacterial activities, while phenolic acids exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
The combination of these bioactive compounds in Ulmus rubra may help in treating various health conditions, including wounds, inflammation, and infections, due to their synergistic effects.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Ulmus rubra.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Ulmus rubra and why they are important for health.
- Tannins: Tannins are a group of polyphenolic compounds found in Ulmus rubra, with astringent, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoids are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds with antimicrobial, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer properties.
- Saponins: A type of glycoside found in Ulmus rubra, characterized by their surface-active properties, ability to emulsify oils and water, and potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are compounds present in Ulmus rubra that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, exhibiting radical scavenging activity and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes.
- Quercetin: Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer properties.
- Glycosides: Glycosides from Ulmus rubra are reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
- Terpenoids: Terpenoids are bioactive compounds found in Ulmus rubra, exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Coumarins: Coumarins are a class of organic compounds found in Ulmus rubra with anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties
- Sterols: Sterols from Ulmus rubra are triterpenoid compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Alkaloids: Found in Ulmus rubra, Alkaloids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Ulmus rubra and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Tannins | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiseptic, Astringent, Purificatory |
| Flavonoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Cardioprotective, Vasorelaxant, Anti-allergic |
| Saponins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Cardioprotective, Antiviral, Antifungal |
| Phenolic acids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antihistaminic, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antifungal, Anticariogenic |
| Quercetin | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti-cancer, Anti-viral, Anti-bacterial, Immunomodulatory |
| Glycosides | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Hemostatic |
| Terpenoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antiviral, Antifungal, Antiproliferative, Anticancer |
| Coumarins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticoagulant |
| Sterols | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Hepatoprotective, Cardioprotective |
| Alkaloids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Vasoconstrictor, Anticancer |
What are the most used parts of Ulmus rubra in medicine?
The most used parts of Ulmus rubra for medicinal purposes are leaves and roots.
The leaves of Ulmus rubra contain flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The roots of Ulmus rubra are rich in saponins and triterpenoids, which have been found to possess anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, as well as exhibit immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects. The bioactive compounds present in these parts have been traditionally used to treat various health conditions, including fever, rheumatism, and digestive issues.
The leaves and roots of Ulmus rubra have been used in folk medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Ulmus rubra in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Ulmus rubra in medicine and why.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant contain major bioactive compounds such as salicylic acid, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, leading to primary health benefits including reduced pain and inflammation, improved immune function, and protection against oxidative stress and cell damage.
- Roots: The roots of this plant are rich in bioactive compounds like ursolic acid, betulinic acid, and triterpenoids, which possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiseptic properties, resulting in primary health benefits including reduced inflammation and pain, improved wound healing, and protection against infections and diseases.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Ulmus rubra mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Leaves | Salicin, Salicylic acid, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Tannins, Coumarins, Terpenoids |
| Roots | Tannins, Salicylic acid, Ursolic acid, Oleanolic acid, Saponins, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Terpenoids |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Ulmus rubra?
The most common herbal preparation of Ulmus rubra for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are used to treat skin conditions such as eczema and acne due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
A salve is also prepared from the plant to treat wounds and burns, as it promotes rapid healing and reduces scarring. Decoctions are made from the bark and roots to treat gastrointestinal issues, including diarrhea and constipation, by regulating bowel movements. The plant's astringent properties make it a suitable ingredient for ointments used to treat hemorrhoids and varicose veins.
Additionally, teas and poultices can be prepared to treat fever and respiratory issues, while suppositories are used to treat vaginal infections.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Ulmus rubra.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Ulmus rubra and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis, and is also used topically to promote wound healing and reduce inflammation.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to treat wounds, skin irritations, and infections due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used to treat fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions such as eczema, by reducing inflammation and promoting healing.
- Ointment: Ointment made from this plant is used topically to treat skin irritations, wounds, and eczema by reducing inflammation and promoting healing.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat fever, sore throats, and diarrhea, and as an anti-inflammatory agent.
- Poultice: Poultice made from this plant is used to treat skin conditions such as eczema, acne and wounds, and to reduce inflammation and pain.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Ulmus rubra for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Roots, Stems, Leaves |
| Salve | Roots, Leaves, Stems |
| Decoction | Roots, Stems, Leaves |
| Ointment | Roots, Stems, Leaves |
| Tea | Roots, Leaves |
| Poultice | Roots, Stems, Leaves |
Tincture
Ulmus rubra tincture is a widely used preparation for treating various health conditions.
It is commonly employed to alleviate skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis, as well as wounds, arthritis, and digestive issues like constipation and diarrhea. Additionally, this tincture is used to combat infections, gastrointestinal issues, respiratory problems like bronchitis, and fungal infections such as athlete's foot.
Due to its widespread application, Ulmus rubra tincture is one of the most commonly used herbal preparations. The most notable effect of this tincture is its ability to lower blood pressure and reduce inflammation. This preparation is typically made from the roots, stems, and leaves of the Red Elm tree, which are combined with a solvent such as ethanol or glycerin to create the tincture.
The process of making Ulmus rubra tincture requires some expertise and can be moderately difficult, as it involves carefully measuring the herbal ingredients and solvent, as well as allowing the mixture to steep for an extended period.
Below you find an image of Ulmus rubra tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ulmus rubra tincture.
- Harvest fresh or dried Ulmus rubra roots, stems, and leaves according to local regulations and sustainable harvesting practices.
- Clean and dry the harvested Ulmus rubra material to prevent contamination and ensure efficacy.
- Combine the dried Ulmus rubra roots, stems, and leaves in a clean glass jar to create a uniform blend.
- Cover the mixture with a high-proof neutral spirit, such as vodka or Everclear, to facilitate extraction of the plant's active compounds.
- Steep the mixture in a cool, dark place for 4-6 weeks, shaking the jar occasionally to ensure even extraction, then strain and discard the solids.
Salve
Ulmus rubra salve is used to treat cuts, burns, wounds, insect bites, and skin irritations.
This herbal preparation is commonly used due to its effectiveness in soothing and healing skin issues. The common effect of Ulmus rubra salve is anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial, reducing redness and promoting wound closure. The salve is made from the roots, leaves, and stems of the slippery elm tree (Ulmus rubra), which are harvested and processed to create the medicinal preparation.
Due to the specific requirements for harvesting and processing the plant material, Ulmus rubra salve can be difficult to make, requiring skilled practitioners to create a high-quality product.
Below you find an image of Ulmus rubra salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ulmus rubra salve.
- Gather and clean the roots, leaves, and stems of the Ulmus rubra plant.
- Dry the collected plant parts in a cool, dark place to preserve their potency.
- Infuse the dried roots, leaves, and stems in a carrier oil, such as olive or coconut oil, in a glass jar.
- Strain the infused oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter to separate the plant material from the oil.
- Mix the strained oil with beeswax and any desired essential oils to create the herbal salve, then heat the mixture to melt the wax and blend the ingredients.
Decoction
Ulmus rubra decoction is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various health issues.
It's commonly used to aid wound healing, manage diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and mucous cough, and relieve skin irritation. This preparation is widely employed, indicating its effectiveness and reliability.
The common effect of Ulmus rubra decoction is its ability to reduce inflammation and promote recovery. The decoction is made from the roots, stems, and leaves of the Ulmus rubra tree.
Preparation of the decoction is moderately difficult, requiring careful measurement and boiling of the plant materials to extract their medicinal properties.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ulmus rubra decoction.
- Gather the roots, stems, and leaves of the Ulmus rubra plant and clean them thoroughly.
- Dry the roots, stems, and leaves in a well-ventilated area to preserve their potency.
- Combine the dried roots, stems, and leaves in a suitable ratio and grind them into a fine powder.
- Mix the ground Ulmus rubra powder with boiling water in a saucepan to create a decoction.
- Simmer the decoction over low heat for an extended period, allowing the herbal compounds to infuse into the water.
Ointment
Ulmus rubra ointment is a traditional herbal preparation used to treat various skin conditions, including wounds, burns, soreness, rashes, and eczema.
It is a common treatment option due to its widespread availability and long history of use. One common effect of Ulmus rubra ointment is its ability to reduce inflammation and promote healing in affected areas. The preparation is made from the roots, stems, and leaves of the red elm tree (Ulmus rubra), which are typically harvested, dried, and then processed into an ointment.
However, the process of making Ulmus rubra ointment can be challenging due to the need for precise measurement and preparation of the plant materials, as well as the potential for contamination or spoilage if not handled properly.
Below you find an image of Ulmus rubra ointment.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ulmus rubra ointment.
- Gather and clean the roots, stems, and leaves of the Ulmus rubra plant.
- Dry the collected plant material in a cool, dark place until it reaches the desired level of dryness.
- Grind the dried plant material into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
- Mix the powder with a carrier oil, such as olive or coconut oil, in a double boiler.
- Heat the mixture over low heat, stirring occasionally, until the oil has fully incorporated the herbal properties and has reached a smooth consistency.
Tea
Ulmus rubra tea is a herbal remedy used to treat fever, diarrhea, skin infections, urinary tract infections, cough, and inflammation.
It is commonly used in traditional medicine due to its widespread availability and effectiveness. The effects of Ulmus rubra tea are often associated with a reduction in inflammation and a decrease in fever, making it a popular choice for treating various ailments. This preparation is typically made with the roots and leaves of the Ulmus rubra tree, which are harvested and then dried to create a usable form for brewing.
One of the benefits of Ulmus rubra tea is its ease of preparation, requiring only the tree's parts and hot water to create a soothing and potentially medicinal brew.
Below you find an image of Ulmus rubra tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ulmus rubra tea.
- Gather fresh or dried roots and leaves of the Red Elm tree (Ulmus rubra) and clean them thoroughly.
- Combine the cleaned roots and leaves in a large pot and pour in enough water to cover the plant material.
- Bring the water to a boil and then reduce the heat to a simmer, allowing the mixture to steep for several hours.
- Strain the liquid through a cheesecloth or a fine-mesh sieve into a separate container, discarding the solids.
- Allow the tea to cool and then store it in the refrigerator for later use.
Poultice
Ulmus rubra poultice, made from the roots, stems, and leaves of the slippery elm tree, is a common herbal remedy used to treat various skin conditions, including skin ulcers, varicose veins, wounds, boils, bruises, burns, and insect bites.
It is frequently used due to its widespread availability and ease of preparation. The application of the poultice typically results in a protective barrier that shields the affected area from further irritation, reducing inflammation and promoting healing.
This preparation is moderately difficult to make, requiring a combination of dried plant material, water, and sometimes other ingredients like oil or honey to create a paste or compress.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ulmus rubra poultice.
- Harvest fresh or dried Ulmus rubra roots, stems, and leaves from a trusted source.
- Rinse the roots, stems, and leaves with clean water to remove any dirt or debris.
- Chop the roots, stems, and leaves into small pieces to facilitate their release of medicinal properties.
- Steep the chopped roots, stems, and leaves in boiling water for an extended period to extract their active ingredients.
- Strain the liquid and mix it with a binding agent to create a pliable poultice for topical application.
What are the possible side effects of Ulmus rubra if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Ulmus rubra are vomiting, which can occur due to the plant's toxic compounds being ingested in excessive amounts.
Improper use of Ulmus rubra may also lead to diarrehas, as the body tries to expel the toxins. Abdominal pain is another possible side effect, resulting from inflammation caused by the plant's toxins. Nauseas can also be experienced, as the body reacts to the presence of these toxic compounds.
Furthermore, allergic reactions, dizziness, headaches, rashes, hypersensitivities, and in severe cases, coma can occur if Ulmus rubra is not used correctly, highlighting the importance of proper handling and preparation.
The most common side effects Ulmus rubra gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Vomits: Ingestion of Ulmus rubra causes emesis.
- Diarrheas: Consuming Ulmus rubra sap or leaves causes gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea.
- Abdominal Pain: Ingestion of Ulmus rubra sap or leaves causes irritation of the gastrointestinal tract leading to abdominal pain.
- Nauseas: Ingestion of Ulmus rubra bark or leaves causes gastrointestinal irritation leading to nausea.
- Allergic Reactions: Some individuals exhibit skin and respiratory symptoms, including hives and asthma, after exposure to Ulmus rubra sap or pollen.
- Dizziness: Ingestion of Ulmus rubra may cause dizziness due to the presence of salicylates, which can affect the nervous system and cause symptoms including dizziness.
- Headaches: Consuming Ulmus rubra sap or leaves can cause headaches due to the presence of salicylates.
- Rashes: Contact dermatitis caused by sap and skin irritation from bark and leaves.
- Hypersensitivities: Contact dermatitis and skin irritation occur due to allergens in the sap of Ulmus rubra.
- Coma: Ingestion of large amounts of Ulmus rubra leaves and inner bark can cause central nervous system depression leading to coma.
What are the precautions to take before using Ulmus rubra medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Ulmus rubra medicinally are that it contraindicates during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential teratogenic effects, as well as necessitating monitoring of blood sugar levels to prevent hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes.
Furthermore, caution is advised when using Ulmus rubra with kidney disease, where it can exacerbate renal impairment. In addition, its use should be approached with caution in children, as their sensitivity and response to the plant's compounds may be unpredictable. Before initiating treatment with Ulmus rubra, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional to discuss potential risks and benefits, as well as its interaction with certain medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications, which can cause adverse effects when combined.
Lastly, patients should be aware of the potential for allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, and be aware of the overdose symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, and tremors, especially when using small doses initially.
The most important precautions you must take before using Ulmus rubra for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Contraindicate During Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Ulmus rubra is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to lack of safety data.
- Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: People with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels due to Ulmus rubra's potential to lower blood sugar.
- Avoid With Kidney Disease: Ulmus rubra contains oxalic acid, which can exacerbate kidney problems if ingested by individuals with kidney disease.
- Use With Caution In Children: Ingestion of Ulmus rubra bark or leaves can cause gastrointestinal upset in children.
- Consult A Healthcare Professional: Ulmus rubra sap can cause skin irritation, consult a healthcare professional for proper identification and treatment.
- Avoid With Liver Disease: Ulmus rubra may exacerbate liver disease due to its hepatotoxic compounds.
- Interact With Certain Medications: Ulmus rubra may interact with blood thinners, increasing the risk of bleeding.
- Cause Allergic Reactions: Contact with plant sap causes skin irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals.
- Use In Small Doses Initially: Start with low amounts to assess tolerance and potential side effects due to the plant's pharmacological properties.
- Be Aware Of Overdose Symptoms: Excessive consumption of Ulmus rubra bark or inner bark extracts can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
