Carolina bugbane

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Carolina bugbane
• Carolina tassel-rue
• false bugbane
• tassel-rue

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Hydrastis canadensis
• Hydrastis carolinensis
• Trautvetteria media
• Trautvetteria palmata f. occidentalis
• Trautvetteria caroliniensis var. coriacea
• Trautvetteria caroliniensis var. occidentalis
• Actaea grandis
• Trautvetteria palmata var. coriacea
• Trautvetteria saniculifolia
• Trautvetteria rotundata
• Trautvetteria grandis
• Trautvetteria fimbriata
• Trautvetteria nervata
• Trautvetteria applanata

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, known scientifically as Trautvetteria caroliniensis, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Ranunculales. It is further categorized into the family Ranunculaceae and the genus Trautvetteria.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant, Trautvetteria caroliniensis, exhibits a specific geographical distribution across western North America. In Western Canada, its presence is noted within the province of British Columbia. Moving into the Northwestern United States, the species can be found in the state of Idaho. It also inhabits the mountainous regions of Montana and Oregon. Finally, its range extends into the state of Colorado within the Northwestern United States.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Trautvetteria caroliniensis is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, allowing the plant to persist in its habitat over multiple growing seasons. As a perennial species, it establishes a robust presence within its ecological niche, often utilizing underground structures to survive unfavorable conditions before emerging again during favorable periods. This longevity enables the plant to participate in repeated reproductive cycles, contributing to the stability of its population within its typical range. Through its perennial nature, Trautvetteria caroliniensis maintains a continuous presence in its environment, balancing vegetative persistence with seasonal reproductive efforts.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Trautvetteria caroliniensis is characterized by a growth form classified as a non-woody herb, specifically functioning as a forb. It is a self-supporting plant that does not exhibit climbing behavior, such as being a liana or vine, and maintains a structural independence as an independent organism rather than acting as a parasite. Regarding its ecological positioning and habitat, the plant is primarily terrestrial, though it can inhabit environments ranging from aquatic to semiaquatic conditions. It is a terrestrial species rather than an epiphyte, maintaining its structure through its own non-woody tissues.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Growth form :

forb

Parasite :

independent

Woodiness :

non-woody

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Trautvetteria caroliniensis has 2 reported plant parts identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include rhizome, root.

Rhizome

1. Journal of natural products

Root

1. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Trautvetteria caroliniensis has 60 reported phytochemicals identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include berberine, Canadine, HYDRASTINE, beta-Hydrastine, CANADALINE.

berberine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products
3. Sexually transmitted diseases
4. Oncology reports
5. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Canadine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products
3. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
4. Journal of lipid research
5. Pharmacology & toxicology

HYDRASTINE

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
3. Planta medica
4. Journal of natural products
5. Biomolecules

beta-Hydrastine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products
3. Pharmacology & toxicology

CANADALINE

1. Dr. Duke
2. Pharmacology & toxicology

CHLOROGENIC ACID

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

hydrastinine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

(+)-Canadine

1. Dr. Duke

(-)-Canadine

1. Dr. Duke

(-)-alpha-Hydrastine

1. Dr. Duke

Activities

Trautvetteria caroliniensis has 455 reported activities identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antimicrobial, Abortifacient, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, (+)-Inotropic.

Antimicrobial

1. Cardiovascular drug reviews
2. ACS chemical biology
3. Phytochemistry letters

Abortifacient

1. Dr. Duke
2. Phytotherapy research : PTR

Antibacterial

1. Dr. Duke
2. Sexually transmitted diseases

Antioxidant

1. Dr. Duke
2. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

(+)-Inotropic

1. Dr. Duke

ACE-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

AP-1-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Absorbent

1. Dr. Duke

Acidulant

1. Dr. Duke

Adrenolytic

1. Dr. Duke

Preparations

Trautvetteria caroliniensis has 9 reported preparations identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include extracts, Ethanolic extracts, crude ethanolic extracts, dietary supplements, ethanolic extracts.

Extracts

1. Phytochemistry letters
2. Phytotherapy research : PTR

Ethanolic extracts

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Crude ethanolic extracts

1. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces

Dietary supplements

1. Oncology reports

Ethanolic extracts

1. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces

Extract of a commercial root sample

1. Journal of natural products

Homeopathic mother tinctures

1. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces

Powder

1. Journal of natural products

Yellow dye

1. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine