Red cedar
Toona ciliata · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (39 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Red cedar, scientifically known as Toona ciliata, is a majestic tropical tree prized for its immense timber and medicinal properties. Native to Australia and Southeast Asia, it offers significant therapeutic benefits, particularly in traditional medicine, where its bark and wood are utilized to treat various ailments and skin conditions.
Names
Common Names
- Chinese mahogany
- Red Cedar
- Australian red-cedar
- Australian-cedar
- red-cedar
- toontree
- Indian mahogany
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- Cedrela toona var. stracheyi
- Toona febrifuga var griffithiana
- Cedrela toona var pubinervis
- Cedrela mollis
- Cedrela toona var. gamblei
- Toona mollis
- Cedrela toona var. yunnanensis
- Cedrela kingii var. birmanica
- Cedrela toona var stracheyi
- Toona kingii
- Cedrela toona var nepalensis
- Toona sureni var. cochinchinensis
- Cedrela toona var. sublaxiflora
- Toona febrifuga var. cochinchinensis
- Cedrela toona var. nepalensis
- Toona microcarpa
French:
- Cèdre rouge d'Australie
- Acajou indien
- Cèdre rouge d'Australie
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Toona ciliataSynonyms
- Cedrela toona var. latifolia
- Swietenia toona
- Cedrela toona var. listeri
- Toona hexandra var. parviflora
- Cedrela toona var. nepalensis
- Surenus serrulata
- Cedrela toona var. parviflora
- Toona kingii
- Surenus toona
- Cedrela velutina
- Toona hexandra subsp. velutina
- Cedrela toona var. pubinervis
- Cedrela toona var. sublaxiflora
- Cedrela toona var. vestita
- Surenus teysmannii
- Cedrela toona var. yunnanensis
- Toona mannii
- Cedrela teysmannii
- Cedrela toona
- Toona mollis
- Cedrela toona var. grandiflora
- Toona serrulata
- Cedrela toona var. haslettii
- Toona microcarpa
- Cedrela serrulata
- Toona hexandra
- Cedrela multijuga
- Toona ciliata var. parviflora
- Cedrela microcarpa
- Toona hexandra var. gamblei
- Cedrela mollis
- Toona hexandra var. haslettii
- Cedrela mannii
- Toona hexandra var. griffithiana
- Cedrela hainesii
- Toona hexandra var. listeri
- Cedrela kingii
- Toona hainesii
- Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis
- Toona ciliata var. vestita
- Cedrela brevipetiolulata
- Toona ciliata var. velutina
- Toona ciliata subsp. velutina
- Toona ciliata var. sublaxiflora
- Toona ciliata var. haslettii
- Toona hexandra var. mollis
- Toona australis
- Toona ciliata var. brevipetiolulata
- Toona ciliata var. australis
- Toona ciliata var. hainesii
- Toona ciliata var. multijuga
- Toona ciliata var. mollis
- Toona ciliata var. listeri
- Toona ciliata var. latifolia
- Toona ciliata var. kingii
- Toona ciliata var. hexandra
- Toona sureni var. teysmannii
- Toona ternatensis
- Toona hexandra var. kingii
- Toona sureni var. cochinchinensis
- Toona febrifuga var. cochinchinensis
- Cedrela toona var. cuspidata
- Cedrela toona var. stracheyi
- Cedrela toona var. pilipetala
- Cedrela toona var. gamblei
- Cedrela toona var. talbotii
- Cedrela toona var. puberula
- Cedrela toona var. warburgii
- Cedrela kingii var. birmanica
- Toona sureni var. pubescens
- Toona ciliata var. pubescens
- Toona febrifuga var. griffithiana
- Toona febrifuga var. ternatensis
- Cedrela toona var. hainesii
- Surenus australis
- Cedrela toona var. australis
- Cedrela febrifuga var. cochinchinensis
- Toona ciliata subsp. nepalensis
- Toona microcarpa var. pilipetala
- Toona ciliata var. pilipetala
- Toona ciliata var. pubinervis
- Toona hexandra var. pubinervis
- Cedrela toona var. multijuga
- Cedrela febrifuga f. ternatensis
- Dracontomelon multijugum
- Cedrela toona var. deccana
- Cedrela toona var. pubescens
- Cedrela toona var. pilistaminea
- Surenus microcarpa
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Sapindales, it is classified under the family Meliaceae. Its specific taxonomic designation is within the genus Toona, where it is known as Toona ciliata.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Sapindales | WCVP |
| Family | Meliaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Toona | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a widespread distribution across several key regions of the African continent. In West-Central Tropical Africa, it can be found inhabiting the islands within the Gulf of Guinea. The species is also documented growing in the West-Central Tropical African nation of Rwanda. Moving toward East Tropical Africa, its presence is noted in the countries of Kenya and Uganda. Finally, its geographical range extends further south to include Tanzania within the East Tropical African region.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| West-Central Tropical Africa | Gulf of Guinea Is. | WCVP |
| West-Central Tropical Africa | Rwanda | WCVP |
| East Tropical Africa | Kenya | WCVP |
| East Tropical Africa | Tanzania | WCVP |
| East Tropical Africa | Uganda | WCVP |
| South Tropical Africa | Malawi | WCVP |
| South Tropical Africa | Mozambique | WCVP |
| Southern Africa | KwaZulu-Natal | WCVP |
| Southern Africa | Northern Provinces | WCVP |
| Middle Atlantic Ocean | St.Helena | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Terminalia arjuna (also known as Terminalia catappa or related species often referred to in medicinal contexts as Terminalia cata, though Terminalia arjuna is the primary medicinal reference for similar profiles), utilizes various components for therapeutic purposes. The medicinal properties are distributed throughout its structural anatomy, ranging from the woody twigs and sturdy stems to the expansive roots that anchor the tree. The stem bark is particularly valued in traditional medicine for its healing compounds, while the fibrous tress or textural elements of the plant contribute to its overall botanical profile.| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| aqueous extract | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| flowers | Frontiers in plant science (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| heart wood | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| leaves | Frontiers in plant science (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| oils | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| roots | Frontiers in plant science (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stem bark | Fitoterapia (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stems | Frontiers in plant science (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| tress | Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| twigs | Bioorganic chemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Toona ciliata has 13 reported phytochemicals identified across 10 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 12alpha-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one, Cedrelone, Coumarins, Dyscusin C, Flavonoids.
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| 12alpha-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one | Die Pharmazie (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cedrelone | Fitoterapia (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Coumarins | Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Dyscusin C | Natural product research (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Flavonoids | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Girinimbine | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Lutein | Natural product research (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Rutamarin | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Santalene | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Tannins | Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Toona ciliata has 7 reported activities identified across 10 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Analgesic, Anticancer, Antiglycation.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | Journal of traditional and complementary medicine (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cytotoxic | Journal of natural products (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Analgesic | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anticancer | Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiglycation | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antimalarial | Journal of traditional and complementary medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cytoprotective | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Toona ciliata has 7 reported medicinal uses identified across 10 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Malaria, analgesic, anthelmintic, glycation, kidney diseases.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Malaria | Journal of traditional and complementary medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| analgesic | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| anthelmintic | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| glycation | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| kidney diseases | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| snakebite | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| toothache | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Ethanol extract | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| acetone | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| acetone extract | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| aqueous extract | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| chloroform extract | Natural product research (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| chloroform extracts | Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| chloroform fractions | BMC complementary and alternative medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crude extracts | BMC complementary and alternative medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| extract | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| extracts of its flowers | Frontiers in plant science (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |