Tetrastigma hemsleyanum

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Vitis bioritsensis
• Tetrastigma bioritsense
• Tetrastigma alatum
• Vitis labordei
• Vitis esquirolii

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Vitales. Finally, it is a member of the family Vitaeaceae and the genus Tetrastigma.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is primarily distributed across various regions of East Asia. In China, its presence is noted within the South-Central and Southeast provinces. Furthermore, the species can be found growing in the high-altitude areas of Tibet. Beyond the mainland, the plant is also documented in the island territory of Taiwan. These specific locations define the known natural range for Tetrastigma hemsleyanum.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is defined by its specific altitudinal distribution within its native habitats, where it thrives across a diverse vertical gradient. This species is typically found inhabiting forest environments at elevations ranging from a minimum of 300 m AMSL to a maximum of 1300 m AMSL. Within this ecological niche, the plant maintains a mean elevation of approximately 800 m AMSL, suggesting a preference for mid-altitude tropical or subtropical forest strata. This altitudinal range indicates its ability to adapt to varying environmental pressures, including fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and light availability characteristic of different forest layers.

Elevational range max:

1300 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

800 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

300 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. Throughout its developmental stages, it maintains an evergreen habit, ensuring that its foliage remains functional and provides photosynthetic activity year-round without the seasonal loss of leaves.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is characterized by its growth habit as a liana, functioning as a climbing vine that requires external support to ascend. It is classified as an obligatory climber, meaning it lacks the structural capacity to be self-supporting and must rely on host plants or structures for vertical progression. In terms of its physical consistency, the plant is non-woody, exhibiting a flexible and herbaceous texture rather than the rigid, lignified structure typical of woody vines.

Climber :

liana

Climber :

obligatory

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency. The vegetative architecture is defined by elliptic leaf forms that exhibit toothed margins and a complete absence of leaf thorns, although the presence of leaf spines is noted. The dimensions of the foliage vary significantly, with leaf lengths ranging from a minimum of 3 cm to a mean of 6.5 cm, reaching a maximum of 10 cm. Complementing this, the leaf width displays a range from a minimum of 1.5 cm to a maximum of 3 cm, maintaining an average width of approximately 2.25 cm.

Leaf form :

elliptic

Leaf length max:

10 cm

Leaf length mean:

6.5 cm

Leaf length min:

3 cm

Leaf margin :

toothed

Leaf spines :

yes

Leaf thorns :

no

Leaf width max:

3 cm

Leaf width mean:

2.25 cm

Leaf width min:

1.5 cm

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is characterized by specific morphological dimensions regarding its inflorescence and fruit development. The plant produces inflorescences that vary in size, with lengths ranging from a minimum of 0.012 m to a maximum of 0.025 m. Following successful pollination, the plant develops fruits that exhibit a highly uniform morphology; the fruit dimensions are consistent across all recorded measurements, with the fruit length maintaining a minimum, mean, and maximum value of 0.6 cm. Similarly, the fruit width is equally consistent, with the minimum, mean, and maximum width all measuring 0.6 cm, resulting in a compact and symmetrical fruit structure.

Fruit length max:

0.6 cm

Fruit width max:

0.6 cm

Inflorescence length max:

0.025 m

Inflorescence length min:

0.012 m

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum has 3 reported plant parts identified across 13 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, root, stem.

Leaf

1. Current research in food science
2. Frontiers in plant science
3. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
4. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
5. Food & function

Root

1. Frontiers in plant science
2. International journal of biological macromolecules
3. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials
4. BMC genomics

Stem

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
2. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Chemicals

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum has 54 reported phytochemicals identified across 13 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, Flavonoid, quercetin, 5-Caffeoylquinic acid, Polysaccharide.

Flavonoids

1. Biomolecules
2. Frontiers in plant science
3. BMC genomics
4. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
5. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

Flavonoid

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Frontiers in plant science
3. BMC plant biology
4. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

quercetin

1. BMC genomics
2. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
3. Fitoterapia
4. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

5-Caffeoylquinic acid

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
2. Food & function
3. Journal of hazardous materials

Polysaccharide

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
3. International journal of biological macromolecules

RUTIN

1. BMC genomics
2. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
3. Frontiers in plant science

Terpenoids

1. Frontiers in plant science
2. Journal of ethnopharmacology
3. Current genomics

catechins

1. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
2. Fitoterapia
3. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

3-Caffeoylquinic acid

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
2. Food & function

CATECHIN

1. BMC genomics
2. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

Activities

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum has 5 reported activities identified across 13 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antitumor, Antioxidant, Antipyretic, Antibacterial, Hepatoprotective.

Antitumor

1. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine
2. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
3. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Antioxidant

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. International journal of biological macromolecules

Antipyretic

1. Frontiers in plant science
2. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Antibacterial

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Hepatoprotective

1. Inflammopharmacology

Conditions

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum has 21 reported investigations on conditions identified across 13 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include oxidative damage, anticancer agents, antioxidant, antioxidants, antipyretic.

Oxidative damage

1. International journal of biological macromolecules
2. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

Anticancer agents

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Antioxidant

1. International journal of biological macromolecules

Antioxidants

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Antipyretic

1. Frontiers in plant science

Asthma

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Autoimmune hepatitis

1. Inflammopharmacology

Cold stress

1. BMC genomics

Colitis

1. Current research in food science

Diabetic retinopathy

1. Carbohydrate polymers

Preparations

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum has 9 reported preparations identified across 13 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include APTH, T. hemsleyanum root, ethyl acetate extract, functional tea, purified polysaccharide (TTP-1).

Apth

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

T. hemsleyanum root

1. BMC genomics

Ethyl acetate extract

1. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine

Functional tea

1. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry

Purified polysaccharide (ttp-1)

1. International journal of biological macromolecules

Total flavonoids

1. Inflammopharmacology

True roots

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Tubers polysaccharide

1. International journal of biological macromolecules

Vine part

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity