Terminalia tetraphylla
Terminalia tetraphylla · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (1 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Terminalia tetraphylla is a significant botanical species that has garnered scientific interest due to its diverse pharmacological potential. Recent studies have focused on the leaf of this plant, specifically utilizing a methanolic extract known as BTME. This extract is particularly noted for its potent antioxidant activities, which contribute to its therapeutic value. Chemical analysis has identified key compounds within the plant, such as O-Demethylbuchenavianine, which play a role in its biological functions. Furthermore, research has explored the efficacy of these extracts against fungal pathogens, specifically under conditions involving Candida albicans.
- Synonyms
- Buchenavia Ptariensis · Buchenavia Capitata · 9 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Combretaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Leaf
Classification
Common Names
Terminalia tetraphylla is a versatile species known by a diverse array of regional names across different cultures. In many areas, it is most commonly referred to simply as Amarillo or Amarillo de Pepita. Travelers and botanists may also encounter it under the moniker Amarillón Serrano. Its unique characteristics have earned it the poetic French name Arbre aux tresors. Finally, in certain contexts, the plant is recognized by the distinctive title of Bois arcoquois.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Terminalia tetraphylla is a taxonomically complex species that has been identified under several different scientific names throughout history. Botanical records indicate that this plant is closely associated with various synonyms, including Buchenavia capitata and Buchenavia ptariensis. Furthermore, it has been categorized under the names Buchenavia tetraphylla and Buchenavia vaupesana in different studies. The species is also linked to the name Bucida capitata, reflecting the evolving nature of botanical classification. Understanding these various nomenclatural relationships is essential for accurate identification and scientific consistency.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Terminalia tetraphylla is a distinctive member of the kingdom Plantae. This species belongs to the genus Terminalia and is classified under the family Combretaceae. Within its taxonomic hierarchy, it is further organized into the order Myrtales. Finally, the plant is categorized under the class Equisetopsida. Together, these relationships define its unique biological identity within the natural world.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Myrtales |
| Family | Combretaceae |
| Genus | Terminalia |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Terminalia tetraphylla exhibits a widespread distribution that spans across several key regions of South America. Within Brazil, this plant can be found thriving in the Northeast, Southeast, and West-Central territories. Its presence also extends throughout the northern reaches of the Brazilian landscape. Beyond the South American continent, the species reaches into the Caribbean, specifically inhabiting the island of Cuba. This diverse range highlights the plant's ability to adapt to various tropical environments across these regions.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Terminalia tetraphylla is a self-supporting tree characterized by its sturdy and upright growth form. This species typically reaches a moderate stature, with its height often peaking at around 15 meters. However, under optimal environmental conditions, the tree can extend to a maximum height of 18 meters. Its structural integrity allows it to thrive as a prominent feature within its natural habitat.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Terminalia tetraphylla, specifically through its Buchenavia tetraphylla leaf extracts, has demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in recent scientific studies. Researchers utilized DPPH and ABTS assays to successfully identify specific fractions with high potential for combating oxidative stress. These findings were further supported by testing the extracts on Tenebrio molitor larvae, which showed increased protection and lifespan when treated with the plant's components. The presence of both aliphatic and aromatic compounds, such as phenolics and terpenes, contributes to this potent biological effect. Ultimately, these results suggest that the plant serves as a promising candidate for developing new antioxidant and anti-infective agents.
Compounds
Terminalia tetraphylla is a species that has been linked to the presence of the alkaloid O-Demethylbuchenavianine. This specific compound was identified during investigations into the anti-HIV and cytotoxic properties of certain plant extracts. Research indicates that O-Demethylbuchenavianine stands out as the most active member within its chemical series. While it exhibits significant activity against HIV in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells, its cytoprotective effects remain moderate. Additionally, the compound has demonstrated cytotoxicity across various human disease-oriented in vitro tumor screening panels.
Conditions
Terminalia tetraphylla, referred to in the research as Buchenavia tetraphylla, demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans by interfering with its cell division and development. The plant's leaf extracts also protect against Escherichia coli-induced injury by providing potent antioxidant action. Furthermore, specific fractions from the plant have been shown to increase the lifespan of organisms infected with enteroaggregative E. coli 042. While related species like Buchenavia capitata exhibit anti-HIV activity, the research also notes that certain active compounds can be cytotoxic during tumor screening. These collective properties suggest that the plant holds promise as a source for anti-infective and antioxidant agents.
Preparations
Terminalia tetraphylla is prepared as a methanolic extract, referred to as BTME, to evaluate its antimicrobial properties. This specific extract was obtained using methanol and tested against various clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Among the different solvent extracts studied, BTME demonstrated the most effective anti-C. albicans activity. The extract also showed promising synergistic interactions when used in combination with the antifungal drug fluconazole. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy suggests that BTME works by interfering with the cell division and development of the fungi.
Parts used
Terminalia tetraphylla is a plant species where the leaf serves as a critical part for studying various medicinal properties. Research into its components reveals that leaf extracts possess significant antimicrobial activity, particularly against certain strains of Candida albicans. Furthermore, products derived from these leaves demonstrate potent in vitro antioxidant capabilities. These antioxidant properties have even been shown to protect larvae against injuries induced by Escherichia coli. Consequently, the leaf of this plant represents a promising source for developing new antioxidant and anti-infective agents.