Terminalia mantaly

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Sources: Wikidata

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is ordered under Myrtyleales and placed in the family Combretaceae. Finally, it is identified under the genus Terminalia as Terminalia mantaly.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse geographical distribution across two distinct major regions. In West Tropical Africa, its presence is recorded in Gambia and Guinea. Moving toward the coast, it can also be found throughout the Western Indian Ocean. Specifically, its range extends to the islands of Comoros and Mauritius. Finally, the species is notably established within the large island nation of Madagascar.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Terminalia mantaly is characterized by its status as a perennial species, allowing it to establish a long-term presence within its ecosystem through sustained growth cycles. Throughout its lifespan, the plant maintains an evergreen habit, retaining its foliage continuously rather than shedding it seasonally, which ensures a consistent photosynthetic capacity. This combination of a perennial lifecycle and evergreen nature supports its structural development and long-term survival in its natural habitat.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Terminalia mantaly is characterized by its stature as a woody tree that exhibits a self-supporting growth habit. It typically reaches a mean plant height of approximately 15 m, maintaining a robust and independent existence as a terrestrial species rather than an aquatic, epiphytic, or parasitic organism. As a self-supporting tree, it does not function as a climber, liana, or vine, and it maintains a consistent woody structure throughout its development.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

15 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Terminalia mantaly is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which involves the direct fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide through the Calvin cycle within the mesophyll cells. This metabolic process dictates its reliance on specific environmental conditions, such as moderate temperatures and adequate moisture, to optimize gas exchange and carbon assimilation. Furthermore, the species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it lacks the symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms; instead, it relies on the uptake of nitrates and ammonium present in the soil substrate to meet its nutritional requirements for growth and development.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Terminalia mantaly is characterized by the production of seeds with highly consistent physical dimensions. The seeds exhibit a uniform volume, with both the maximum and minimum recorded values, as well as the mean volume, standing at exactly 240 mm³. In terms of weight, the seed mass shows slight variability, ranging from a minimum of 0.20637 g to a maximum of 0.2274 g, resulting in an average seed mass of approximately 0.216885 g.

Seed mass max:

0.2274 g

Seed mass mean:

0.216885 g

Seed mass min:

0.20637 g

Seed volume max:

240 mm³

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Terminalia mantaly has 3 reported plant parts identified across 10 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, root, stem.

Leaf

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Malaria journal
3. Journal of parasitology research
4. International journal of nanomedicine

Root

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Malaria journal
3. Natural product research

Stem

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Malaria journal
3. Journal of parasitology research

Chemicals

Terminalia mantaly has 13 reported phytochemicals identified across 10 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 3-O-methylellagic acid, Betulin, CARVONE, Caryophyllene, D-Limonene.

3-O-methylellagic acid

1. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)

Betulin

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

CARVONE

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Caryophyllene

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

D-Limonene

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Fatty acids

1. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

Phytosterols

1. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

STIGMASTEROL

1. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)

Terminaliamide

1. Natural product research

Tocopherols

1. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

Activities

Terminalia mantaly has 3 reported activities identified across 10 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antiplasmodial, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant.

Antiplasmodial

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Malaria journal
3. Natural product research

Antimicrobial

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Natural product research

Antioxidant

1. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE
2. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Conditions

Terminalia mantaly has 14 reported investigations on conditions identified across 10 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include malaria, C. parapsilosis, Candida albicans, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoses.

Malaria

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Malaria journal
3. Journal of parasitology research
4. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)

C. parapsilosis

1. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)

Candida albicans

1. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)

Haemophilus influenzae

1. International journal of nanomedicine

Mycoses

1. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)

Plasmodium falciparum

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Cancer

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Fever

1. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

Gastroenteritis

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Genital candidiasis

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Preparations

Terminalia mantaly has 6 reported preparations identified across 10 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include anti-yeast extract, aqueous TM extracts, aqueous extract from the stem bark of T. mantaly, aqueous extracts from the stem bark, methanolic TM extracts.

Anti-yeast extract

1. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)

Aqueous tm extracts

1. International journal of nanomedicine

Aqueous extract from the stem bark of t. mantaly

1. Journal of parasitology research

Aqueous extracts from the stem bark

1. Malaria journal

Methanolic tm extracts

1. International journal of nanomedicine

Methanolic extract

1. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE