Terminalia fagifolia
Terminalia fagifolia · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (0 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Terminalia fagifolia is a botanical species that has drawn significant scientific interest due to its complex chemical composition. Among its diverse phytochemical profiles, the presence of saponins plays a critical role in its biological activity. Research indicates that certain preparations of the plant can lead to adverse physiological effects, including myotoxicity and paralysis. Studies have evaluated these impacts using various forms such as aqueous extracts (AqF, HaF), water-soluble fractions (WSF), and ethanol extracts (EtE). Understanding these toxicological properties is essential for determining the safety and therapeutic potential of the species.
- Synonyms
- Terminalia Fagifolia Var. Angustifolia · Myrobalanus Fagifolia · 2 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Combretaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Not available
Classification
Common Names
Terminalia fagifolia is a versatile plant recognized by a diverse array of regional names across its native habitats. Depending on the local area, it may be referred to as Cachaporra-do-gentio or the more diminutive Capitãozinho. In other communities, the species is commonly known as Capitão-do-seco or simply camaçari. It also carries the distinctive moniker caatinga-de-porco, reflecting its presence within specific ecological niches. This variety of nomenclature highlights the deep cultural and regional connections people have with the species.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Terminalia fagifolia is a botanical species that is often identified through various taxonomic synonyms in scientific literature. It is recognized under the alternative name Myrobalanus fagifolia in certain historical records. The plant also encompasses specific varieties known as Terminalia fagifolia var. angustifolia and Terminalia fagifolia var. parvifolia. Furthermore, the name Terminalia lanceolata has been used as a synonym for this particular species. Understanding these overlapping classifications is essential for accurate botanical identification and research.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Terminalia fagifolia is a distinctive member of the kingdom Plantae. It is classified under the class Equisetopsida and belongs to the order Myrtales. Within this botanical framework, the species is situated in the family Combretaceae. It is further defined by its placement in the genus Terminalia. These taxonomic relationships highlight the specific biological identity of this unique plant.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Myrtales |
| Family | Combretaceae |
| Genus | Terminalia |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Terminalia fagifolia is a resilient species with a broad geographic presence across much of South America. It is widely distributed throughout Brazil, spanning the Northeast, Southeast, and West-Central regions of the country. Beyond the borders of Brazil, the plant also finds a home in the western reaches of the continent. Specifically, its habitat extends into Bolivia, highlighting its adaptability to different South American environments. This wide range underscores the significant ecological footprint of the species within its native territories.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Terminalia fagifolia is a self-supporting plant that exhibits a distinct tree growth form. This species typically reaches a maximum height of approximately 7 meters. However, it can occasionally grow slightly taller, reaching a peak height of 7.5 meters. These physical characteristics define its presence within its natural habitat.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Compounds
Terminalia fagifolia has demonstrated significant potential in neutralizing the neuromuscular effects caused by Bothrops jararacussu venom. Research indicates that hydroalcoholic extracts of this plant can effectively reverse venom-induced paralysis and reduce myotoxicity in various biological preparations. Scientific analysis suggests that the extract works by preserving intrinsic postsynaptic receptors during the toxic process. A key factor in this therapeutic efficacy is the plant's high non-hemolytic saponin content. Ultimately, the presence of these saponins provides a biochemical explanation for the plant's ability to combat vertebrate neuromuscular toxicity.
Conditions
Terminalia fagifolia hydroalcoholic extract demonstrates a significant ability to neutralize the neuromuscular effects caused by Bothrops jararacussu venom. Specifically, the extract effectively treats myotoxicity by reducing morphological changes and creatine kinase release in neuromuscular preparations. It also serves to treat paralysis by reversing the venom-induced effects in both mouse and chick tissue models. These therapeutic actions against the toxic effects of B. jararacussu venom may be attributed to the plant's high non-hemolytic saponin content. Ultimately, the extract protects intrinsic postsynaptic receptors while mitigating the overall damage caused by the venom.
Preparations
Terminalia fagifolia is prepared as an ethanol extract (EtE) from its stem bark to evaluate its antibacterial and antitumoral activities. This plant is also prepared as three specific fractions: the aqueous fraction (AqF), the hydroalcoholic fraction (HaF), and the water-soluble fraction (WSF). Research demonstrates that these fractions, including AqF, HaF, and WSF, show significant inhibition of biofilm formation. Furthermore, Terminalia fagifolia is prepared as a hydroalcoholic extract (Tf-HE) to test its ability to neutralize the neuromuscular effects of snake venom. These various preparations of the species allow for the investigation of diverse pharmacological properties ranging from antimicrobial action to venom neutralization.