Terminalia calamansanay

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Pentaptera mollis
• Terminalia calamansanai var. acuminata
• Terminalia papilio
• Terminalia blancoi
• Pentaptera pyrifolia
• Gimbernatia calamansanai
• Terminalia oryzetorum
• Terminalia bialata var. cuneifolia
• Terminalia calamansanai var. platypteris
• Terminalia latialata
• Terminalia pyrifolia

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, situated within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. It is classified under the order Myrtales and the family Combretaceae. Finally, it is identified by the genus Terminalia and the specific species name Terminalia calamansanai.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is widely distributed across several distinct regions within South and Southeast Asia. Within the Indian Subcontinent, its presence is specifically noted in Bangladesh. Its range also extends significantly into the Indo-China region, covering multiple countries. Specifically, it can be found growing in the territories of Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Finally, the geographical footprint of this species is completed by its occurrence in Thailand.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Terminalia calamansanai is characterized by its nature as a perennial species, allowing it to persist in its ecosystem through multiple growing seasons. Throughout its developmental stages, the plant exhibits a deciduous growth habit, meaning it undergoes a seasonal process of shedding its foliage before entering a period of dormancy or regrowth. This cycle of leaf senescence and regrowth is a defining feature of its biological rhythm, ensuring its long-term survival within its natural habitat.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Terminalia calamansanai is characterized by a robust woody growth form, specifically classified as a tree. This species typically reaches a mean plant height of 25 m, though it has the capacity to attain a maximum height of up to 30 m. Unlike climbing species such as lianas or vines, it is a self-supporting plant rather than an obligatory or facultative climber. Furthermore, it is a terrestrial organism, lacking any epiphytic tendencies such as holoepiphytic, hemiepiphytic, or facultative growth on other plants.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Plant height max:

30 m

Plant height mean:

25 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Terminalia calamansanai is characterized by its specific metabolic and nutritional processes, most notably its carbon fixation mechanism. The plant utilizes the C3 photosynthetic pathway, a common physiological strategy in many woody species where carbon dioxide is fixed directly through the Calvin cycle without the specialized spatial or temporal adaptations found in C4 or CAM plants. Furthermore, regarding its nutrient acquisition and symbiotic capabilities, Terminalia calamansanai is not a nitrogen fixer, meaning it lacks the physiological ability to form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for its growth.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Terminalia calamansanai is characterized by the production of seeds that exhibit a specific range of morphological variations in mass. The seed mass for this species shows a mean value of 0.0485 g, indicating a relatively lightweight reproductive unit. However, there is notable variability within the population, with recorded seed masses ranging from a minimum of 0.017 g to a maximum of 0.08 g. This distribution of seed weight suggests a degree of plasticity in the energy allocation during the development of the embryos, which may influence seedling establishment and dispersal success within its natural habitat.

Seed mass max:

0.08 g

Seed mass mean:

0.0485 g

Seed mass min:

0.017 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Terminalia calamansanai has 2 reported plant parts identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root, stem.

Root

1. Planta medica

Stem

1. Planta medica

Chemicals

Terminalia calamansanai has 3 reported phytochemicals identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Punicalagin, Tannins, ellagic acid.

Punicalagin

1. Planta medica

Tannins

1. Planta medica

ellagic acid

1. Planta medica

Activities

Terminalia calamansanai has 2 reported activities identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antiviral.

Antioxidant

1. Planta medica

Antiviral

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Preparations

Terminalia calamansanai has 7 reported preparations identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include 80 % MeOH extracts of Terminalia mollis (stem bark and root bark), Extracts, aqueous crude extract free of tannins, aqueous extract, methanol bark extract.

80 % meoh extracts of terminalia mollis (stem bark and root bark)

1. Planta medica

Extracts

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Aqueous crude extract free of tannins

1. Planta medica

Aqueous extract

1. Planta medica

Methanol bark extract

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Methanolic root bark extract

1. Planta medica

Root crude extracts

1. Planta medica