What to know about Tanacetum vulgare (tansy) before using it medicinally

Tanacetum vulgare, commonly known as tansy, is a versatile herb that has been used for centuries to promote health and wellness due to its antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties, which improve digestion, reduce pain, and prevent infections.

As a horticultural gem, tansy is a hardy perennial that thrives in a variety of environments and can be grown in gardens, meadows, and even in containers, making it a popular choice for gardeners of all skill levels. From a botanical standpoint, Tanacetum vulgare is a member of the Asteraceae family and is characterized by its distinctive fern-like foliage and bright yellow flowers, which are rich in essential oils and other bioactive compounds.

In history, tansy has been referenced as a medicinal herb in ancient Greek and Roman texts, as well as in the works of medieval herbalists, who prized it for its purported ability to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Tanacetum vulgare.

What are the medicinal properties of Tanacetum vulgare?

Tanacetum vulgare helps with treating various health issues, including digestive problems, respiratory conditions, and as an antispasmodic and anticonvulsant. It is also used to relieve symptoms of colds, fever, and sore throats. Tansy is sometimes used as an antiseptic and to reduce inflammation.

The active constituents of Tanacetum vulgare include sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and essential oils, which give the plant its medicinal properties. Sesquiterpene lactones are responsible for its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoids contribute to its antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities.

The most commonly used parts of Tanacetum vulgare for medicinal purposes are the leaves, flowers, and roots. Dried leaves and flowers are often used in teas and infusions. Root extracts are used in traditional medicine for various conditions, including rheumatism and digestive issues.

Inappropriate use of Tanacetum vulgare can lead to side effects such as skin irritation, allergic reactions, and gastrointestinal problems. Excessive consumption of tansy can also cause convulsions, especially in children and individuals with a history of seizure disorders.

To use Tanacetum vulgare safely, it is essential to follow proper dosage guidelines and preparation methods. Consult with a healthcare professional before using tansy, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or are pregnant or breastfeeding. Additionally, avoid using tansy in large quantities or for extended periods.

What are the horticulural aspects of Tanacetum vulgare?

Tanacetum vulgare grow best in well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. This perennial requires full sun to partial shade and can tolerate temperatures from -20°C to 30°C (-4°F to 86°F). Average watering is essential.

For optimal growth, plant tansy in the spring or fall, when the soil is workable. Space plants 30-60 cm apart, as they spread by underground stolons. Mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Prune back after blooming to promote new growth.

Harvest tansy flowers when fully open, for use as a fresh herb or for drying. Cut off the entire stem, leaving a few leaves on the plant, to encourage new blooms. For foliage, harvest individual leaves or pinch off the tips to promote bushy growth.

Tansy is susceptible to powdery mildew, caused by fungi such as Erysiphe cichoracearum. Aphids, particularly green peach aphids, also infest the plant, while spider mites can cause damage in hot, dry weather. Regular inspection and prompt treatment can help mitigate these issues.

What are the botanical aspects of Tanacetum vulgare?

Tanacetum vulgare is a perennial herb that grows up to 1.5 meters in height, with a single stem bearing a flat-topped cluster of small, yellow flowers. The leaves are pinnate, consisting of 3-5 leaflets that are toothed and pointed. The roots are taprooted.

Tanacetum vulgare is classified in the family Asteraceae, subfamily Anthemidinae. Its genus, Tanacetum, comprises about 75 species, primarily native to Europe and Asia. The specific epithet vulgare indicates its common occurrence and wide distribution.

Several variants of Tanacetum vulgare have been described, including Tanacetum vulgare var. vulgare, Tanacetum vulgare var. micrantha, and Tanacetum vulgare var. pycnocladum. These variants differ in their leaf morphology and flower size.

Tanacetum vulgare is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, and has been naturalized in many parts of the world, including North America. It commonly grows in wetlands, meadows, and along roadsides.

The life cycle of Tanacetum vulgare involves a single growth cycle per year. It germinates in spring, producing a rosette of leaves, which later give rise to a flowering stem. The plant produces seeds in late summer, which disperse and germinate the following spring.

What are the historical aspects of Tanacetum vulgare?

Tanacetum vulgare is an herb that has been used for various purposes throughout history. It was used as a medicinal plant to treat conditions such as fever, rheumatism, and indigestion. Tansy was also used as an insect repellent and in perfumes. In some cultures, it was used to ward off evil spirits.

In ancient Greek mythology, tansy was associated with the god Apollo, who was said to have used it to heal the sick. The plant was also mentioned in the works of the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder, who wrote about its medicinal properties. In some cultures, tansy was associated with the goddess Artemis, who was said to have used it to protect against evil.

Tansy has been imbued with various symbolic meanings across cultures. In medieval Europe, it was seen as a symbol of purification and protection. In some cultures, it was seen as a symbol of wisdom and good judgment. In other cultures, tansy was seen as a symbol of good luck and prosperity.

The use of tansy in historical texts dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. The Greek physician Hippocrates wrote about the plant's medicinal properties, while the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder wrote about its use as an insect repellent. In the Middle Ages, tansy was mentioned in the writings of the English herbalist John Gerard.

Tansy has been depicted in various historical artifacts, including medieval manuscripts and paintings. The plant was often illustrated in herbals and other botanical works. In some cases, tansy was used as a motif in architecture, particularly in the decoration of churches and monasteries.