Pinwheel Flower
Tabernaemontana divaricata · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Sparse (52 studies) · ★★☆☆☆
Pinwheel Flower, scientifically known as Tabernaemontana divaricata, is a versatile evergreen shrub celebrated for its striking white blossoms. Widely used in traditional medicine, this plant possesses significant therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. It serves as a vital botanical resource for treating various ailments across many cultures.
Names
Common Names
- Adam's-apple
- Ceylon-jessamine
- East Indian rose bay
- broadleaf rose bay
- butterfly-gardenia
- crape-gardenia
- crape-jasmine
- crepe-jessamine
- flowers-of-love
- pinwheel-flower
- Common Tabernaemontana
- Crepe Jasmine
- Pinwheel Jasmine
- indian carnation
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- Jazmín crepé
German:
- Schmetterlingsgardenie
French:
- fleur d'amour
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Tabernaemontana divaricataSynonyms
- Ervatamia coronaria
- Ervatamia recurva
- Ervatamia siamensis
- Testudipes recurva
- Tabernaemontana lurida
- Kopsia cochinchinensis
- Reichardia grandiflora
- Ervatamia divaricata var. plena
- Taberna discolor
- Reichardia jasminoides
- Jasminum zeylanicum
- Nyctanthes acuminata
- Tabernaemontana discolor
- Tabernaemontana flabelliformis
- Tabernaemontana gratissima
- Tabernaemontana coronaria
- Tabernaemontana coronaria var. plena
- Tabernaemontana recurva
- Tabernaemontana siamensis
- Ervatamia flabelliformis
- Ervatamia divaricata
- Nerium coronarium
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. It is further classified under the subclass Magnoliidae in the order Gentianales and the family Apocynaceae. Finally, it is identified by the genus Tabernaemontana.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Gentianales | WCVP |
| Family | Apocynaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Tabernaemontana | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a diverse geographical distribution across several key tropical and subtropical regions. In West-Central Tropical Africa, it can be found specifically around the Gulf of Guinea Islands. Its presence extends to the Arabian Peninsula, where it is located within the Gulf States. Within China, the species is widely distributed across the South-Central, Southeast, and Hainan regions. These varied locations highlight the plant's ability to thrive in different warm environments across Asia and Africa.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| West-Central Tropical Africa | Gulf of Guinea Is. | WCVP |
| Arabian Peninsula | Gulf States | WCVP |
| China | China South-Central | WCVP |
| China | Hainan | WCVP |
| China | China Southeast | WCVP |
| Eastern Asia | Taiwan | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Assam | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Bangladesh | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | East Himalaya | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | India | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, commonly known as Pinwheel Flower or Crape Jasmine, utilizes various components for its medicinal properties. The white, pinwheel-shaped flowers are often noted for their fragrance, while the dark green, glossy leaves are frequently used in traditional remedies. When the stem or leaf is damaged, the plant exudes a milky white latex, which is sometimes applied topically for its healing potential. Additionally, the root is recognized in various herbal practices for its specific therapeutic applications.| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| leaves | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 4 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| latex | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| flowers | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| leaf | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| root | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Flowers | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Voacamine | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| aerial parts | Pharmacognosy magazine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| branches | Natural products and bioprospecting (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| roots | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Tabernaemontana divaricata has 12 reported phytochemicals identified across 21 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 19,20-Dihydroervahanine A, 19,20-didehydro-6alpha-hydroxyervatamine, 19,20-dihydrotabernamine, Catharanthine, Conodurine.
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| 19,20-Dihydroervahanine A | The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 19,20-didehydro-6alpha-hydroxyervatamine | Journal of natural products (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 19,20-dihydrotabernamine | The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Catharanthine | Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Conodurine | The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Jerantinine A | Journal of complementary & integrative medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| TFC | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| TPC | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Tabernaelegantine A | The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| VOACAMINE | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Tabernaemontana divaricata has 5 reported activities identified across 21 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Nootropic, Sedative.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Analgesic | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antibacterial | Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antidiabetic | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Nootropic | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Sedative | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Tabernaemontana divaricata has 12 reported medicinal uses identified across 21 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include analgesic, Antidiabetic, cough, dementia, diabetes mellitus.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| analgesic | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antidiabetic | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cough | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| dementia | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| diabetes mellitus | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| infections | Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| injuries | Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| memory | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nociception | Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| pain | Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| 'Amrita Oil' | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 'Amrita-Prâsa clarified butter' | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ethanolic extracts of flowers | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ethanolic extracts of leaves | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ethanolic extracts of roots | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ethanolic extracts of stems | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Voacamine | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| alcoholic extract | Natural product research (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| chloroformic extract | Pharmacognosy magazine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cough syrup | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |