Daly River satin-ash

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Daly River satin-ash
• Lidded Cleistocalyx

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Cleistocalyx cerasoides var. paniala
• Eugenia operculata var. paniala
• Cleistocalyx operculatus
• Syzygium nervosum var. obovatum
• Calyptranthes makul
• Calyptranthes mangiferifolia
• Cleistocalyx cerasoides
• Eugenia paniala
• Eugenia operculata
• Eugenia suavis
• Eugenia holtzei
• Eugenia divaricatocymosa
• Eugenia cerasoides
• Eugenia clausa
• Eugenia gigantea
• Eugenia operculata var. obovata
• Cleistocalyx nervosus var. paniala
• Syzygium nervosum var. paniala
• Syzygium nodosum
• Cleistocalyx operculatus var. paniala
• Syzygium operculatum
• Syzygium wallichianum
• Syzygium operculatum var. obovatum
• Syzygium cerasoides
• Eugenia operculata var. cerasoides
• Syzygium suave

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Myrtales and the family Myrtaceae. Ultimately, it is identified by its genus, Syzygium.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse geographical distribution spanning several key regions across Asia. Within China, it can be found growing in the South-Central provinces as well as the Southeast regions. Its presence is also noted on the tropical island of Hainan and within the high-altitude areas of Tibet. Beyond Chinese borders, the species extends into the Indian Subcontinent. Specifically, it is documented to grow within the lush landscapes of Assam.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Syzygium nervosum is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, ensuring its presence in the ecosystem over many growing seasons. As a phanerophyte, its regenerative buds are located high above the ground on woody stems, a life form that allows it to maintain significant structural height. This plant exhibits an evergreen deciduousness, meaning it retains its foliage throughout the year and does not undergo a seasonal shedding of all its leaves, maintaining continuous photosynthetic activity.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Syzygium nervosum is characterized by its growth form as a woody tree. As a self-supporting organism, it does not function as a climber, liana, or vine, nor does it exhibit parasitic behavior, remaining an independent species. The plant is terrestrial in nature, lacking aquatic or epiphytic tendencies. In terms of stature, it displays significant variation in plant height, with individual specimens ranging from a minimum of 3 m to a maximum of 39 m, resulting in a mean plant height of approximately 16.67 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

39 m

Plant height mean:

16.6666666666667 m

Plant height min:

3 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Syzygium nervosum is characterized by its specific metabolic and nutritional processes, most notably its utilization of the C3 photosynthetic pathway. This means the plant fixes carbon dioxide through the Calvin cycle, utilizing the enzyme RuBisCO to incorporate CO2 into a three-carbon compound, a standard mechanism for most woody dicotyledonous species in this genus. Furthermore, the plant does not function as a nitrogen fixer, lacking the symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms, and instead relies on the uptake of nitrates and ammonium from the surrounding soil to meet its nutritional requirements.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Syzygium nervosum is characterized by a biotic pollination syndrome, primarily facilitated by insects, with a specific reliance on bees to ensure successful fertilization. Following pollination, the plant produces fleshy fruits, which serves as an adaptation for a zoochorous dispersal syndrome, where animals play a critical role in spreading the seeds. The seeds themselves exhibit significant morphological variability; they possess a mean seed mass of approximately 0.1834 g, ranging from a minimum of 0.0945 g to a maximum of 0.4 g. This variability is also reflected in their physical dimensions, with seed volumes ranging from a minimum of 8.2 mm³ to a maximum of 210 mm³, maintaining a mean seed volume of approximately 113.73 mm³.

Dispersal syndrome :

zoochorous

Fruit dryness :

fleshy

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

bee

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Seed mass max:

0.4 g

Seed mass mean:

0.1833875 g

Seed mass min:

0.0945 g

Seed volume max:

210 mm³

Seed volume mean:

113.733333333333 mm³

Seed volume min:

8.2 mm³

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Syzygium nervosum has 2 reported plant parts identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include flower, leaf.

Flower

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Leaf

1. Fitoterapia
2. Veterinary world

Chemicals

Syzygium nervosum has 17 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include (2s)-8-formyl-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylflavanone, 1-(2,3,5-trihydroxy methylphenyl)octane-1-one, 1-(2,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)decan-1-one, 1-(2,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)hexane-1-one, 12-oxo-12-(2,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)dodecanoic acid.

(2s)-8-formyl-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylflavanone

1. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

1-(2,3,5-trihydroxy methylphenyl)octane-1-one

1. Journal of natural medicines

1-(2,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)decan-1-one

1. Journal of natural medicines

1-(2,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)hexane-1-one

1. Journal of natural medicines

12-oxo-12-(2,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)dodecanoic acid

1. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Flavonoid

1. Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies

Flavonoids

1. Nutrients

Gallic acid

1. Drug metabolism letters

Glycosides

1. Nutrients

Activities

Syzygium nervosum has 5 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, Anticancer, Antimicrobial.

Antioxidant

1. Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
3. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

Cytotoxic

1. Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies
2. Veterinary world

Antibacterial

1. Veterinary world

Anticancer

1. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

Antimicrobial

1. Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies

Medicinal Uses

Syzygium nervosum has 1 reported medicinal uses identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include inflammation.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations