What to know about Syringa villosa (lilac) before using it medicinally

Syringa villosa, commonly known as lilac, is a medicinal herb that has been used to improve cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure and cholesterol levels due to its rich content of flavonoids and phenolic acids.

This herb is also valued for its ornamental purposes, as it is a popular choice for gardens and parks, providing a stunning display of purple flowers in the spring. Botanically, Syringa villosa is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the Oleaceae family, characterized by its woody stems, oval-shaped leaves, and showy, fragrant flowers.

Historically, the lilac has been mentioned in ancient Greek and Roman texts for its medicinal and cosmetic uses, with the Greek physician Hippocrates referencing its use as a treatment for various ailments.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Syringa villosa.

What are the medicinal properties of Syringa villosa?

Syringa villosa helps with reducing inflammation, relieving pain, and treating respiratory issues such as bronchitis, coughs, and colds. It is also used to treat digestive problems, fever, and skin conditions like eczema and acne. The plant's medicinal properties have been utilized for centuries in traditional medicine. Its antiseptic and antibacterial properties make it effective in wound healing. The lilac plant has been used to treat various ailments due to its bioactive compounds.

The lilac plant's medicinal properties are attributed to its active constituents, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. These compounds possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol, have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Terpenoids, including linalool and geraniol, have been found to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

The parts of the Syringa villosa plant most used for medicinal purposes are the leaves, flowers, and bark. The leaves are rich in flavonoids and terpenoids, making them effective in treating digestive issues and skin conditions. The flowers are used to treat respiratory problems and fever, while the bark is used to treat pain, inflammation, and skin conditions. The roots are also used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments.

The improper use of Syringa villosa can cause side effects such as allergic reactions, skin irritation, and gastrointestinal issues. Ingesting large amounts of the plant can lead to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Using the plant without proper identification or processing can result in contamination and toxicity. It is essential to use the plant in moderation and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

When using Syringa villosa medicinally, it is crucial to take certain precautions. The plant should be used in moderation and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, and individuals with allergies or sensitivities should consult a doctor before using the plant. The plant should be properly identified and processed to avoid contamination and toxicity. Additionally, patients should monitor their body's response to the plant and discontinue use if any side effects occur.

What are the horticulural aspects of Syringa villosa?

Syringa villosa grow best in well-draining soil and full sun to partial shade, with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. They require a temperature range of -20 to 40°C for optimal growth, making them hardy in USDA zones 3-8.

For optimal growth, plant Syringa villosa in early spring or fall, avoiding extreme weather conditions. Dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the root ball, adding a 2-3 inch layer of compost to improve soil fertility. Plant the shrub at the same depth as in the pot, watering thoroughly after planting.

Lilacs are typically harvested in late May or early June, depending on the variety and climate. Cut stems at an angle, leaving at least 6 inches of stem attached to the plant to encourage regrowth. Cut only the longest stems, as this will encourage bushy growth and prevent the plant from becoming leggy.

Common pests affecting Syringa villosa include aphids, scale, and spider mites. Fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and botrytis can also occur, particularly in humid or wet conditions. Regular pruning and watering practices can help prevent these issues and promote a healthy lilac plant.

What are the botanical aspects of Syringa villosa?

Syringa villosa is a deciduous shrub with a woody stem, growing up to 5 meters tall, with a spread of 4 meters, having a dense, ovate shape, with elliptical leaves and showy, fragrant flowers.

Syringa villosa belongs to the family Oleaceae, subfamily Lioychinoideae, tribe Liochydeae, subtribe Syringinae, genus Syringa, species S. villosa. The classification reflects its evolutionary relationships and phylogenetic history.

Syringa villosa has several variants, including 'Vilmoriniana', 'Oyama', 'Klondyke', 'Pernach', and 'Palibin', which differ in flower color, size, and fragrance, as well as growth habit and hardiness.

Syringa villosa is native to China, Japan, Korea, and eastern Russia, but has been naturalized in many parts of the world, including Europe, North America, and Australia, where it has become a popular ornamental plant.

The life cycle of Syringa villosa involves a dormant period during winter, followed by growth in spring, flowering in late spring, seed production in summer, seed dispersal in autumn, and a new growth cycle in the following spring.

What are the historical aspects of Syringa villosa?

Syringa villosa is an ancient plant with a long history of use. In ancient China, its bark was used to treat fever, headache, and rheumatism, while in Europe, its flowers were used to make a fragrant tea.

In ancient Greek mythology, the lilac was associated with Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty. The myth of Philomela and Procne, who were turned into birds by the god Apollo, featured a lilac tree that bloomed in their garden.

The lilac has been imbued with symbolic meanings across cultures. In ancient Greece, it represented first love and beauty, while in Christianity, it symbolized the Virgin Mary. In many Eastern cultures, the lilac represents good fortune and longevity.

The earliest recorded reference to lilac is in the writings of Chinese herbalist Li Shizhen (1518-1593). In his book "Bencao Gangmu", he described the lilac's medicinal properties. Similarly, in Europe, the 16th-century herbalist John Gerard mentioned the lilac in his book "Herball".

Archaeological artifacts, such as ancient Greek and Roman coins, feature depictions of the lilac in its various forms. The 18th-century French artist Jean-Honoré Fragonard's paintings often included lilac trees, demonstrating its popularity in art and design.