Symphytum × uplandicum
Symphytum × uplandicum · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (1 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Symphytum × uplandicum, commonly known as upland comfrey, is a perennial herb frequently recognized for its distinctive foliage and flowering spikes. While various parts of the plant are studied, the leaves are of particular interest in botanical research. Caution is necessary when handling this species, as specific preparations such as water extracts have been identified as having hepatotoxic activities. These toxic effects can pose significant health risks if the plant is consumed or used improperly. Therefore, understanding the chemical properties of its leaf extracts is essential for safe botanical practice.
- Synonyms
- Symphytum × Uplandicum F. Coeruleum · Symphytum × Lilacinum · 5 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Boraginaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Leaf
Classification
Common Names
Symphytum × uplandicum is a versatile plant known by a diverse array of common names across different languages and regions. In English-speaking contexts, it is frequently referred to as the Bastaardsmeerwortel or Consolida tedesca. French speakers identify this species as the Consoude d'Uppland, highlighting its botanical lineage. Moving into German territories, the plant is widely recognized as Futter-Beinwell. It is also commonly called Futter-Wallwurz, underscoring its practical uses in various agricultural settings.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Symphytum × uplandicum is a complex hybrid known to exist under several different botanical names. It is frequently identified by its synonyms, including Symphytum × densiflorum, Symphytum × discolor, and Symphytum × lilacinum. The plant also encompasses specific forms that require distinct classification, such as Symphytum × uplandicum f. coeruleum. Additionally, the variety Symphytum × uplandicum f. densiflorum is recognized as a formal synonym within its taxonomic group. Understanding these various naming conventions is essential for accurately identifying this versatile species in horticultural studies.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Symphytum × uplandicum is a fascinating botanical specimen that belongs to the vast kingdom Plantae. Within this biological realm, the plant is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It further falls into the order Boraginales, showcasing its specific evolutionary lineage. As a member of the Boraginaceae family, it shares characteristics with many well-known flowering species. Ultimately, this plant is identified by its specific genus, Symphytum, which defines its unique growth and identity.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Boraginales |
| Family | Boraginaceae |
| Genus | Symphytum |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Symphytum × uplandicum maintains a wide and diverse geographic presence across several major continental regions. Within Asia-Temperate zones, this plant is notably found throughout the Caucasus, Transcaucasus, and the vast stretches of Siberia and West Siberia. Its reach extends deep into Europe, where it thrives across the Baltic States and throughout various sectors of Eastern Europe. Specifically, its distribution encompasses Central European Russia as well as the northern reaches of North European Russia. This broad range highlights the species' ability to adapt to the varied climates of both the Eurasian interior and the European landscape.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Symphytum × uplandicum grows in a sturdy herb form that allows it to thrive in various garden settings. As a self-supporting plant, it maintains its upright structure without the need for external stakes or climbers.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Symphytum × uplandicum, commonly known as Russian comfrey, contains specific chemical compounds that pose significant health risks. Research has identified eight distinct pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the hepatotoxic type within its leaves. These alkaloids are particularly concerning because they are known to impact liver function. Studies conducted on rats have demonstrated that the combined presence of these alkaloids leads to chronic hepatotoxicity. Consequently, understanding these toxic properties is essential when considering the plant's role in medicinal use and human diets.
Compounds
Conditions
Preparations
Symphytum × uplandicum is prepared as water extracts for scientific evaluation. These specific extracts were tested to determine their anti-inflammatory activity against platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced exocytosis. Within the study, this plant demonstrated high inhibition in the PAF-test. The researchers utilized these aqueous preparations to assess how traditional medicinal plants perform in an in vitro setting. This particular method of preparation allowed for the measurement of the plant's potency in inhibiting inflammatory responses.
Parts used
Symphytum × uplandicum, commonly known as Russian comfrey, is a medicinal herb that is also frequently consumed as part of the human diet. Scientific analysis has revealed that the leaves of this plant contain several distinct chemical compounds. Specifically, researchers have identified eight different pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the hepatotoxic type within the leaf structure. These alkaloids are of significant concern because their combined presence can lead to chronic hepatotoxicity. Consequently, understanding the chemical makeup of the leaves is essential for evaluating the safety of this species.