What to know about Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (new england aster) before using it medicinally

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae, commonly known as New England aster, is a herbaceous plant rich in bioactive compounds that have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, which can improve respiratory health and alleviate symptoms of allergies and asthma.

This versatile herb is widely cultivated in gardens for its ornamental value, and is often used in floral arrangements due to its vibrant purple flowers. Botanically speaking, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae is a member of the Asteraceae family and is characterized by its distinctive disk-shaped flowers and hairy leaves.

In terms of its historical significance, this herb has been used by indigenous North American communities for centuries to treat various ailments, and was also employed by early European settlers as a medicinal plant.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae.

What are the medicinal properties of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae?

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae helps with various health issues, including reducing inflammation, calming digestive problems, and soothing respiratory issues. It is used in traditional medicine to treat colds, fever, and coughs.

The active constituents of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae include flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, which give it its medicinal properties. These compounds have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, contributing to its therapeutic benefits.

The parts of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae used for medicinal purposes are the flowers, leaves, and roots. The flowers are used to make teas, infusions, and tinctures, while the leaves and roots are used to make decoctions and infusions.

Using Symphyotrichum novae-angliae improperly can lead to side effects such as allergic reactions, digestive issues, and interactions with medications. High doses of the plant may exacerbate respiratory problems, and its use is contraindicated in individuals with sensitive stomachs.

To use Symphyotrichum novae-angliae medicinally, it is essential to follow proper guidelines and precautions. Pregnant women, children, and individuals with allergies or sensitivities should consult a healthcare professional before using the plant. Doses should be moderate, and interactions with medications and other substances should be carefully monitored.

What are the horticulural aspects of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae?

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae grow in zones 3-9, preferring well-drained soil with full sun to partial shade. They thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 3-9, where they receive an average of 30-40 inches of annual rainfall. Soil pH range is between 6.0-7.0, and they tolerate a variety of soil types.

For optimal growth, plant new england asters in spring or fall, 12-18 inches apart, after the last frost. Dig a hole 1.5 times wider than the pot, add organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure, and mix it into the soil. Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil consistently moist during the first growing season.

New england asters produce cut flowers in late summer to early fall, and for maximum vase life, cut them in the morning when the flowers are fully open. Harvest stems in the morning, when the plant is at its peak, and cut off any lower leaves that will be submerged in water. Place the stems in a bucket of water, and process them promptly.

Pests that commonly affect new england asters include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Diseases affecting this plant include powdery mildew, leaf spot, and root rot. Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests or diseases and treat promptly with integrated pest management techniques, such as neem oil or copper-based fungicides.

What are the botanical aspects of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae?

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae is an herbaceous perennial plant that grows 2-4 feet tall and 1-2 feet wide, with a branching stem and lance-shaped leaves that are 1-4 inches long. The stem is green, and the leaves have a fuzzy texture.

Taxonomically, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae is classified in the kingdom Plantae, family Asteraceae, genus Symphyotrichum, and species S. novae-angliae. It is closely related to other North American asters, and its classification has undergone changes over the years.

Several variants of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae exist, including 'Purple Dome' and 'Sunglow', which are cultivars with different flower colors and growth habits. 'Alma Pötschke' is a hybrid between S. novae-angliae and S. squamatus.

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae is native to the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada, where it grows in wetlands, meadows, and along streams. It has been naturalized in other parts of North America, including the Great Lakes region and the Pacific Northwest.

The life cycle of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae begins in spring, when new growth emerges from the rhizome. The plant flowers in late summer, producing purple or pink flowers that are arranged in a cluster at the top of the stem. Seeds mature in fall, and the plant dies back to the rhizome over winter.

What are the historical aspects of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae?

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae is a plant that has been used historically for medicinal purposes, particularly in the treatment of digestive issues and as an antiseptic agent. Its roots and leaves were used in traditional medicine to relieve fever and pain.

In Native American mythology, the new england aster was associated with the goddess of the harvest, associated with its blooming timing around harvest seasons. The plant was also considered a symbol of the four elements: earth, air, fire, and water, and its seeds were said to represent the cycles of life and death.

The new england aster has symbolic meanings in various cultures. It represents wisdom, love, and loyalty, and is often used in floral arrangements to convey these sentiments. In some cultures, the plant is also seen as a symbol of good fortune and prosperity. The flower's delicate appearance belies its symbolic significance.

The new england aster is mentioned in various historical texts, including those of John Gerard's "Herball" (1597) and John Ray's "Synopsis Stripium" (1690). These texts describe the plant's medicinal properties and its use in traditional medicine. Gerard's text also notes the plant's use as a food source for bees.

Historical artifacts associated with the new england aster include engravings and illustrations from the 17th and 18th centuries, which depict the plant in its natural habitat and highlight its medicinal uses. The plant's seeds have also been found in archaeological sites, providing evidence of its historical cultivation and use.