tabog

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• tabog

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Belou glutinosa
• Limonia glutinosa
• Aegle glutinosa
• Chaetospermum glutinosum

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, known scientifically as Swinglea glutinosa, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Sapindales. Finally, it is a member of the family Rutaceae and falls under the genus Swinglea.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is specifically found within the Malesia botanical region. Its occurrence is notably limited to the archipelago of the Philippines. This specific geographical range suggests that the species thrives in the unique tropical environments of this Southeast Asian nation. Consequently, its natural habitat is concentrated within these particular island ecosystems. Understanding this localized distribution is essential for the conservation of the species.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Swinglea glutinosa is characterized by a broad altitudinal distribution, allowing it to occupy diverse topographical niches across its habitat. This species is found across an expansive elevational range, spanning from as low as 5 m AMSL to a maximum altitude of 2000 m AMSL. This wide vertical gradient suggests an ability to adapt to varying climatic conditions, ranging from lowland tropical environments to higher-elevation montane zones. Such a range indicates significant ecological plasticity, enabling the plant to thrive in diverse moisture regimes and temperature fluctuations found throughout these varying elevations.

Elevational range max:

2000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

5 m AMSL

Morphology

The morphology of Swinglea glutinosa is characterized by a woody growth form, manifesting primarily as a shrub. It functions as an independent organism, lacking any parasitic tendencies toward other plants. While it possesses a terrestrial habit, its ecological range can encompass aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial environments. In terms of its structural support and climbing capabilities, the plant is described as self-supporting, rather than acting as an obligatory or facultative climber, vine, or liana. Furthermore, it does not exhibit epiphytic behavior, maintaining a strictly terrestrial existence rather than functioning as a holoepiphyte, hemiepiphyte, or any other form of epiphyte.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

shrub

Parasite :

independent

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Swinglea glutinosa is characterized by a metabolic framework that utilizes the C3 photosynthetic pathway, a common mechanism among many woody tropical shrubs where carbon fixation occurs directly through the Calvin cycle within the mesophyll cells. This C3 pathway involves the initial fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the enzyme RuBisCO to form a three-carbon compound, which dictates the plant's water-use efficiency and gas exchange strategies in its native environments. Alongside this primary metabolic process, the plant exhibits physiological adaptations related to its glandular structures, which are involved in the synthesis and secretion of volatile essential oils, contributing to its chemical defense mechanisms. These secondary metabolites are integrated into its physiological profile, assisting in the regulation of herbivory and environmental stress responses.

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Swinglea glutinosa has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include stem.

Stem

1. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Swinglea glutinosa has 10 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2,8-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-10-methyl-9-acridone, 1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-10-methylacridone, 1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-10-methyl-9-acridone, 1,8-Cineole, 5-Hydroxynoracronycine.

1,3,5-trihydroxy-2,8-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-10-methyl-9-acridone

1. Journal of natural products

1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-10-methylacridone

1. Journal of natural products

1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-10-methyl-9-acridone

1. Journal of natural products

1,8-Cineole

1. Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud

5-Hydroxynoracronycine

1. Journal of natural products

BETA-PINENE

1. Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud

CARVACROL

1. Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud

LIMONENE

1. Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud

P-CYMENE

1. Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud

THYMOL

1. Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud

Medicinal Uses

Swinglea glutinosa has 1 reported medicinal uses identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Plasmodium falciparum.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations