Suregada glomerulata

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Gelonium spicatum
• Gelonium glomerulatum f. montanum
• Suregada papuana
• Suregada microcarpa
• Erythrocarpus glomerulatus
• Erythrocarpus spicatus
• Gelonium borneense
• Gelonium papuanum
• Suregada rubra
• Gelonium meliocarpum
• Suregada spicata
• Gelonium microcarpum
• Suregada philippinensis
• Gelonium mindanaense
• Suregada pulgarensis
• Gelonium philippinense
• Gelonium pulgarense
• Suregada meliocarpa
• Gelonium rubrum
• Gelonium subglomerulatum
• Suregada mindanaensis
• Gelonium glomerulatum
• Suregada subglomerata
• Suregada borneensis
• Dovyalis macrodendron

Sources: Wikidata

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, known scientifically as Suregada glomerulata, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Malpighiales. It is further categorized under the family Euphorbiaceae within the genus Suregada.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad natural distribution across several key regions of Southeast Asia. Within the Indo-China zone, it can be found growing in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its presence extends beyond the mainland into the Malesia region. Specifically, it is documented as growing on the island of Borneo. These diverse locations highlight its widespread ecological footprint across the tropical landscapes of the region.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Suregada glomerulata is characterized by its long-term presence in its ecosystem, as it functions as a perennial species. In terms of its structural growth and survival strategy, the plant exhibits distinct life forms categorized under the Raunkiær system; it is primarily classified as a phanerophyte, meaning its perennating buds are located high above the ground on woody stems, allowing it to endure seasonal changes. Additionally, it can be described as a nanophanerophyte, indicating that its woody shoots remain relatively short, typically staying within a low height range while still maintaining its elevated bud position.

Life form :

nanophanerophyte

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Suregada glomerulata is characterized by its robust growth form, primarily manifesting as a woody tree. This plant exhibits significant vertical development, with height measurements ranging from a minimum of 2 m to a maximum of 13 m, maintaining a mean plant height of approximately 7.5 m. As a terrestrial species, it does not inhabit aquatic or semiaquatic environments, nor does it function as an epiphyte. In terms of its structural habit, the plant is classified as a self-supporting climber, a trait that distinguishes its climbing mechanism from obligatory or facultative vines. Furthermore, Suregada glomerulata is an independent organism, meaning it does not exhibit parasitic behavior toward other plants.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

13 m

Plant height mean:

7.5 m

Plant height min:

2 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Suregada glomerulata is characterized by its efficient carbon fixation through a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its metabolic processes and environmental adaptation. The plant's vegetative growth is closely linked to its leaf morphology, where the photosynthetic surface area is defined by specific dimensional ranges. The leaves exhibit a mean length of 8.5 cm, with individual leaf measurements ranging from a minimum of 5 cm to a maximum of 12 cm. Complementing this longitudinal growth, the leaf width varies between a minimum of 3 cm and a maximum of 6 cm, maintaining a mean width of 4.5 cm. These morphological parameters collectively support the light interception and gas exchange necessary for the plant's C3-driven energy production.

Leaf length max:

12 cm

Leaf length mean:

8.5 cm

Leaf length min:

5 cm

Leaf width max:

6 cm

Leaf width mean:

4.5 cm

Leaf width min:

3 cm

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Suregada glomerulata is characterized by specific morphological dimensions in its floral and fruiting structures. The flowering stage involves small blossoms, with individual flowers measuring between a minimum of 0.3 cm and a maximum of 0.5 cm in length. Following successful pollination, the plant produces fruits that exhibit high uniformity in their dimensions; the fruit width is consistently recorded at a mean of 1 cm, with both the minimum and maximum width measurements also staying fixed at 1 cm.

Flower length max:

0.5 cm

Flower length min:

0.3 cm

Fruit width max:

1 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Suregada glomerulata has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root.

Root

1. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Suregada glomerulata has 6 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Jolkinolide B, 7-oxo-beta-sitosterol, adenosine, helioscopinolide B, scopoletin.

Jolkinolide B

1. Journal of natural products
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

7-oxo-beta-sitosterol

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

adenosine

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

helioscopinolide B

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

scopoletin

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

sucrose

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica