Stryphnodendron rotundifolium

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. It is further categorized under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Fabales, placing it in the family Fabaceae. Finally, its specific taxonomic identity is defined by the genus Stryphnodendron.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad presence across several key regions of South America. In the western part of the continent, its range extends into the country of Bolivia. Within Brazil, the species is widely distributed across multiple distinct zones. It can be found throughout the North, Northeast, and Southeast regions of the Brazilian territory. Furthermore, its geographical footprint includes the West-Central area of Brazil.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium is characterized by its adaptation to diverse tropical landscapes, primarily inhabiting ecosystems such as Campo Limpo, Campo Rupestre, and the broader Cerrado (latu sensu) biome. This species thrives within a specific altitudinal gradient, ranging from sea level (0 m AMSL) up to a maximum elevation of 500 m AMSL. Its presence in these varied habitats suggests a high degree of resilience to the seasonal moisture fluctuations and nutrient-poor soils typical of the Brazilian savanna and rocky outcrop environments.

Elevational range max:

500 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Habitat :

Campo Limpo, Campo Rupestre, Cerrado (lato sensu)

Life history

The life history of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, allowing the plant to persist in its environment over many years through successive growing seasons. Morphologically, it is classified as a phanerophyte, specifically exhibiting characteristics of both phanerophyte and nanophanerophyte life forms, which indicates that its perennating buds are located on aerial shoots well above the soil surface. This growth strategy enables the plant to maintain a stable presence within its ecological niche, utilizing its elevated structural framework to survive seasonal variations.

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium is characterized by its growth form as a woody tree. It is a terrestrial species that grows independently, rather than functioning as a parasite or an epiphyte. In terms of its structural dimensions, the plant exhibits a varying height, with a maximum recorded height of 4 m and a mean height of approximately 15 m. Although it possesses a self-supporting habit, it does not exhibit the characteristics of a liana or a vine.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

4 m

Plant height mean:

15 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium is characterized by complex metabolic processes adapted to nutrient-poor, acidic soils typical of the Brazilian Cerrado. Central to its survival is its nutrient acquisition strategy; specifically, regarding its nitrogen metabolism, the plant is not a nitrogen fixer, meaning it lacks the symbiotic relationship with rhizobia required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable forms. Consequently, it relies heavily on the uptake of organic and inorganic nitrogen from the soil through an extensive root system. To compensate for the low fertility of its environment, the plant exhibits high efficiency in phosphorus mobilization and often relies on specialized mycorrhizal associations to enhance nutrient absorption. Its physiological resilience is further supported by specialized leaf anatomy and sclerophyllous traits that facilitate water regulation and minimize transpiration under intense solar radiation and seasonal drought conditions.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Stryphnodendron rotundifolium has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf.

Leaf

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Chemicals

Stryphnodendron rotundifolium has 4 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include CATECHIN, Gallic acid, RUTIN, caffeic acid.

CATECHIN

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Gallic acid

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

RUTIN

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

caffeic acid

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Activities

Stryphnodendron rotundifolium has 1 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant.

Antioxidant

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Conditions

Stryphnodendron rotundifolium has 1 reported investigations on conditions identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Preparations

Stryphnodendron rotundifolium has 2 reported preparations identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include aqueous extract (AL) from the leaves, hydroalcoholic (HAB) and aqueous extracts (AB) from the bark.

Aqueous extract (al) from the leaves

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Hydroalcoholic (hab) and aqueous extracts (ab) from the bark

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)