Stryphnodendron polyphyllum
Stryphnodendron polyphyllum · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (0 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, commonly known as barreiro, is a significant woody species native to the Brazilian Cerrado biome. This resilient plant plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of its native savanna habitats. One of its most notable biological characteristics is the high concentration of specialized secondary metabolites. Specifically, the plant is well-known for producing significant amounts of condensed tannins. These chemical compounds contribute to its complex pharmacological profile and provide defense mechanisms against environmental stressors.
- Synonyms
- Not available
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Fabaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Not available
Classification
Common Names
Stryphnodendron polyphyllum is a significant botanical species widely recognized throughout its native regions. This plant is most commonly referred to by the name Barbatimão, a term deeply rooted in local tradition. Many people rely on its unique properties, valuing it for its historical and medicinal importance. Understanding its identity through this common name helps researchers and enthusiasts connect with its ecological role. As a result, Barbatimão remains a vital subject of study within the study of diverse plant life.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Taxonomy
Stryphnodendron polyphyllum is a distinctive botanical specimen belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Within this vast kingdom, the plant is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It further fits into the order Fabales, showcasing its specific evolutionary lineage. As a member of the family Fabaceae, it shares common traits with other well-known legumes. Ultimately, this species is defined by its placement within the genus Stryphnodendron.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Fabales |
| Family | Fabaceae |
| Genus | Stryphnodendron |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Stryphnodendron polyphyllum is a notable plant species with a specific geographical footprint across South America. Its natural range is concentrated within the diverse landscapes of Brazil, where it plays a vital role in local ecosystems. Specifically, the species thrives throughout the Northeast region of the country. Additionally, its presence is well-documented across the Southeast portions of Brazil. These overlapping distributions highlight the plant's significant importance to the Brazilian wilderness.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Stryphnodendron polyphyllum is a self-supporting tree characterized by its distinct growth form. This species typically reaches a maximum height of approximately 5 meters, though it can grow up to 12 meters under certain conditions. Its sturdy structure allows it to stand independently within its natural habitat. Understanding these dimensions is essential for identifying its role within the local ecosystem.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Compounds
Stryphnodendron polyphyllum is a medicinal plant native to the Brazilian Cerrado that has shown significant potential in biological studies. Recent evaluations of various plant extracts have focused on their molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, a key intermediate host of schistosomiasis. Among the species tested, the bark extract of this plant emerged as the most promising candidate for controlling these snails. This high level of efficacy is largely attributed to the fact that Stryphnodendron polyphyllum contains condensed tannins. These chemical compounds play a crucial role in the plant's ability to act as an effective natural molluscicide.
Conditions
Stryphnodendron polyphyllum exhibits significant molluscicidal activity against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Research into Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants identified the bark extract of this species as a highly effective treatment. The effectiveness of this plant is attributed to its high concentration of condensed tannins. By targeting Biomphalaria glabrata, the extract serves as a promising tool for controlling the intermediate host of schistosomiasis. This relationship highlights the potential of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum in managing snail populations.