Stryphnodendron adstringens
Stryphnodendron adstringens · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (11 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Stryphnodendron adstringens is a botanical species highly valued for its diverse medicinal properties, including potent antioxidant, antifungal, and antimicrobial activities. The plant's therapeutic potential is driven by a rich profile of chemical compounds such as proanthocyanidins, tannins, chromones, and epigallocatechin. Research focuses on utilizing the stem and leaves to combat various infections, particularly through its antiviral effects against pathogens like Candida albicans. Scientists frequently study specialized preparations, including aqueous extracts (SAAE) and hydroethanolic stem bark extracts, to harness these biological benefits. Consequently, this plant serves as a significant source of natural agents for managing oxidative stress and microbial threats.
- Synonyms
- Acacia Adstringens · Stryphnodendron Barbadetiman · 2 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Fabaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Stem · Leaf
Classification
Common Names
Stryphnodendron adstringens is a versatile plant known by many different regional names. It is frequently referred to as Barbatimão or Barbatimão-branco depending on the local context. Some communities also identify this species as Barba-de-timão. In certain areas, it carries the evocative common name Casca-da-virgindade. Additionally, it is sometimes called Charãozinho-roxo, reflecting its diverse linguistic identity.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Stryphnodendron adstringens is a botanical subject frequently identified by a variety of alternative names in scientific literature. This plant is recognized by several synonyms, including the designation Acacia adstringens. It is also commonly referred to through the names Mimosa barbadetiman and Mimosa virginalis. Furthermore, the species is documented under the synonym Stryphnodendron barbadetiman. Understanding these various nomenclatural relationships is essential for accurate identification and study.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Stryphnodendron adstringens is a notable species that belongs to the diverse kingdom Plantae. Within this vast biological realm, the plant is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It further refines its biological identity through its placement in the order Fabales. This specific lineage continues into the Fabaceae family, which highlights its botanical connections. Ultimately, the plant is defined by its membership in the genus Stryphnodendron.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Fabales |
| Family | Fabaceae |
| Genus | Stryphnodendron |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Stryphnodendron adstringens is a resilient species widely distributed throughout the diverse landscapes of Southern America. Within Brazil, this plant maintains a significant presence across a vast array of geographical regions. It can be found flourishing in the North and Northeast, showcasing its adaptability to varied climates. Furthermore, its reach extends into the South, Southeast, and West-Central territories of the country. This extensive range highlights the botanical importance of the species across the Brazilian subcontinent.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Stryphnodendron adstringens is a self-supporting plant that adopts a distinct tree growth form. This species typically reaches a maximum height of approximately 5 meters, though it can grow up to 6 meters in certain conditions. Its sturdy structure allows it to stand firmly within its natural environment. Understanding these dimensions is essential for identifying its role in the local ecosystem.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Stryphnodendron adstringens, commonly known as barbatimão, is a tree species native to the Brazilian Cerrado that possesses a wide array of significant medicinal properties. Scientific research has demonstrated that its stem bark extracts exhibit potent antioxidant activity through mechanisms such as free-radical scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The plant also demonstrates strong antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antifungal capabilities, particularly through proanthocyanidin polymeric tannins that effectively combat various Candida species. Furthermore, studies have highlighted its anticancer potential, specifically its ability to promote apoptosis-induced cell death in melanoma cells. These diverse biological activities reinforce the plant's value as a source for developing new phytotherapeutic formulations and herbal medicines.
Compounds
Stryphnodendron adstringens is a Brazilian medicinal plant highly valued for its complex phenolic composition and diverse pharmacological properties. Scientific analyses of its stem bark extracts have confirmed that the plant contains tannins and proanthocyanidins, which contribute to its significant antioxidant and wound-healing capabilities. Furthermore, the chemical profile of the species includes various chromones and epigallocatechin, adding to its therapeutic potential. The presence of gallic acid also plays a key role in the plant's ability to exhibit anticancer and free-radical scavenging activities. These diverse bioactive compounds collectively support the traditional use of the plant in treating infections, inflammation, and various skin conditions.
Conditions
Stryphnodendron adstringens demonstrates significant therapeutic potential by effectively treating Candida albicans, particularly through the antifungal action of its proanthocyanidin polymeric tannins. The plant also serves as a potent agent to treat anti-inflammatory conditions by reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines and modulating macrophage polarization. Its antioxidant properties are scientifically confirmed, contributing to its wide range of medicinal applications. Furthermore, the species exhibits antiviral activities that support its diverse pharmacological profile. Ultimately, these combined characteristics allow Stryphnodendron adstringens to treat various infections, including vaginal candidiasis and other infectious disorders.
Preparations
Stryphnodendron adstringens is frequently utilized in medicinal applications where its bark is prepared as a primary source of tannins. This plant is often processed into various forms, including crude extracts used to promote wound healing and tissue repair. Researchers have specifically investigated hydroethanolic stem bark extracts to study their ability to modulate macrophage polarization. Additionally, aqueous extracts (SAAE) derived from the stem bark have demonstrated significant antioxidant and anticancer properties. Traditional medicinal practices also involve the use of the species through decoctions or infusions to treat a variety of diseases.
Parts used
Stryphnodendron adstringens, commonly known as barbatimão, is a medicinal tree species native to the Brazilian Cerrado that possesses various bioactive components. Research indicates that the stem bark is a particularly significant part of the plant, frequently used to create aqueous extracts for their antioxidant and anticancer properties. These stem-derived extracts have also demonstrated potential in treating gastric ulceration and providing anti-inflammatory benefits. Beyond the stem, the leaves of the plant serve as important hosts for diverse endophytic fungal communities. Studying these different plant parts, including both leaves and stems, continues to reveal new biotechnological possibilities for developing herbal medicines and biological controls.