Siamese rough bush

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Siamese rough bush

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Vanieria crenata
• Epicarpurus asper
• Cudrania crenata
• Achymus pallens
• Achymus patens
• Calius lactescens
• Diplothorax tonkinensis
• Albrandia timorensis
• Albrandia gaudichaudii
• Epicarpurus orientalis
• Epicarpurus gaudichaudii
• Trophis cochinchinensis
• Trophis aspera
• Streblus lactescens
• Albrandia orientalis

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is ordered under Rosales and placed in the family Moraceae. Finally, its taxonomic identity is defined by its membership in the genus Streblus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a wide geographical range across several distinct regions in Asia. Within China, it can be found in the South-Central, Southeast, and Hainan areas. Its distribution extends into the Indian Subcontinent, specifically covering the state of Assam. Additionally, the species is documented to grow within the borders of Bangladesh. These various locations highlight the diverse habitats where the plant naturally thrives.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Streblus asper is characterized by its specific distribution across varying altitudinal gradients, typically thriving in mid-range tropical or subtropical environments. This species is found at elevations ranging from a minimum of 200 m AMSL to a maximum of 950 m AMSL, with a mean elevation of approximately 575 m AMSL. This altitudinal profile suggests that the plant is well-adapted to specific thermal and moisture regimes associated with lowland to sub-montane forest ecosystems, where it occupies niche habitats defined by these topographical constraints.

Elevational range max:

950 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

575 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

200 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Streblus asper is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, ensuring its long-term presence within its natural ecosystem. As a phanerophyte, it maintains its photosynthetic organs on elevated woody structures, specifically categorized under both phanerophyte and nanophanerophyte life forms depending on its developmental stage and environmental conditions. This species exhibits an evergreen deciduousness, retaining its foliage throughout the year to facilitate continuous metabolic activity. Through its perennial lifecycle and robust phanerophyte growth habit, the plant establishes a stable and enduring biological presence.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Streblus asper is characterized by its growth form as a woody tree. It is a terrestrial plant that functions as a self-supporting organism rather than a climber or a vine, and it exists as an independent species without parasitic tendencies. In terms of its physical stature, the plant typically reaches a height with a mean value of 13.5 m, although recorded maximum heights can reach up to 10 m depending on specific environmental conditions and growth stages.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

10 m

Plant height mean:

13.5 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Streblus asper is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and energy conversion efficiency. The plant's vegetative morphology, particularly regarding its leaf dimensions, reflects specific physiological growth patterns; the leaves exhibit a mean length of 4.25 cm, with sizes ranging from a minimum of 2.5 cm to a maximum of 6 cm. Correspondingly, the leaf width varies from a minimum of 2 cm to a maximum of 3.5 cm, maintaining a mean width of 2.75 cm. Furthermore, the plant does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it relies on external soil nitrogen availability rather than symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation to support its metabolic requirements.

Leaf length max:

6 cm

Leaf length mean:

4.25 cm

Leaf length min:

2.5 cm

Leaf width max:

3.5 cm

Leaf width mean:

2.75 cm

Leaf width min:

2 cm

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Streblus asper has 3 reported plant parts identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, flower, fruit.

Leaf

1. Pharmacognosy magazine
2. Phytotherapy research : PTR
3. Journal of ethnopharmacology
4. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences
5. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

Flower

1. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

Fruit

1. PeerJ

Chemicals

Streblus asper has 27 reported phytochemicals identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include (+)-Strebloside, Fatty acids, triterpenoids, ACID, Betulin.

(+)-Strebloside

1. Journal of natural products
2. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

Fatty acids

1. Pharmacognosy magazine
2. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

triterpenoids

1. Pharmacognosy magazine
2. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM

ACID

1. Pharmacognosy magazine

Betulin

1. Dr. Duke

Diterpene

1. Pharmacognosy magazine

Flavonoid

1. PeerJ

Flavonoids

1. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM

Glucostrebloside

1. Bioorganic chemistry

Glycosides

1. Pharmacognosy magazine

Activities

Streblus asper has 16 reported activities identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, AntiHIV, Antibacterial, Anticarcinomic.

Antioxidant

1. PeerJ
2. BMC complementary and alternative medicine
3. Pharmaceutical biology

Cytotoxic

1. Dr. Duke
2. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

AntiHIV

1. Dr. Duke

Antibacterial

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Anticarcinomic

1. Dr. Duke

Antidiabetic

1. PeerJ

Antifeedant

1. Dr. Duke

Antiflu

1. Dr. Duke

Antiinflammatory

1. Dr. Duke

Antitumor

1. Dr. Duke

Conditions

Streblus asper has 16 reported investigations on conditions identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Plasmodium falciparum, Salmonella paratyphi, dental caries.

Cancer

1. Pharmacognosy magazine
2. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

Alzheimer's disease

1. Scientific reports

Plasmodium falciparum

1. Parasitology international

Salmonella paratyphi

1. Microbial pathogenesis

Dental caries

1. Phytotherapy research : PTR

Dental plaque

1. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences

Diarrhea

1. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

Dysentery

1. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

Edema

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Elephantiasis

1. Pharmacognosy magazine

Preparations

Streblus asper has 14 reported preparations identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include SA extract, SA leaf extract, Streblus asper leaf ethanolic extract, Streblus asper leaf extract, aqueous.

Sa extract

1. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Sa leaf extract

1. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Streblus asper leaf ethanolic extract

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Streblus asper leaf extract

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Aqueous

1. Microbial pathogenesis

Aqueous extracts

1. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences

Crude extracts

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Ethanolic leaf extracts

1. Parasitology international

Ethyl acetate

1. Microbial pathogenesis

Medicinal plant extracts

1. Scientific reports