burahol

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• burahol

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Guatteria toralak
• Stelechocarpus burahol var. longiflorus
• Uvaria burahol

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, Stelechocarpus burahol, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Magnoliales. It is a member of the family Annonaceae and falls under the genus Stelechocarpus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific geographical distribution within the Malesia region. It can be found growing across the island of Borneo. Additionally, its presence extends to the island of Jawa. The species is also documented within the Lesser Sunda Islands. Finally, its range includes the territories of Malaya.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Stelechocarpus burahol is defined by its adaptability to a broad altitudinal gradient, allowing it to colonize diverse landscapes within its geographic distribution. This species thrives across an extensive elevational range, spanning from sea level at 0 m AMSL to higher montane regions reaching a maximum of 1000 m AMSL. This wide vertical distribution suggests a high degree of ecological plasticity, enabling the plant to inhabit various microclimates and soil compositions found between these elevations. By occupying both lowland and mid-elevation niches, the species can navigate varying levels of moisture availability, temperature fluctuations, and solar radiation, which are characteristic of its specific habitat range.

Elevational range max:

1000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Stelechocarpus burahol is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons and maintain a long-term presence in its habitat. Throughout its developmental stages, the species exhibits an evergreen habit, ensuring that it retains its foliage and remains biologically active without the seasonal shedding of leaves associated with deciduous species.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Stelechocarpus burahol is characterized by its stature as a large, woody tree, reaching a significant height with both its mean and maximum recorded elevation at approximately 25 m. This species exhibits a self-supporting growth habit, functioning as an independent organism rather than a parasite or a climber, and it does not rely on other structures for support. As a strictly terrestrial plant, it does not exhibit epiphytic tendencies such as being a holoepiphyte or hemiepiphyte, nor does it inhabit aquatic or semiaquatic environments. Its structural integrity is defined by its woody nature, providing the necessary rigidity to maintain its upright, tree-like growth form.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

25 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Stelechocarpus burahol is characterized by a standard C3 photosynthetic pathway, utilizing the Calvin cycle to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide through the enzyme RuBisCO. As a non-nitrogen-fixing species, the plant lacks the symbiotic relationships with diazotrophic bacteria or specialized root nodules required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable forms, meaning it relies on the uptake of mineral nitrogen, such as nitrates and ammonium, from the surrounding soil matrix.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Stelechocarpus burahol is characterized by a biotic pollination syndrome, indicating that its reproductive success relies heavily on living organisms rather than abiotic factors. This biological interaction is facilitated through multiple vectors, primarily utilizing insect pollination to ensure the transfer of pollen between flowers. Additionally, the plant exhibits specialized ecological relationships involving ants, which play a role within its pollination complex. By leveraging these diverse biotic agents, the plant ensures effective fertilization and the continuation of its life cycle within its specific habitat.

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

ant

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Stelechocarpus burahol has 1 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids.

Flavonoids

1. Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS

Conditions

Stelechocarpus burahol has 1 reported investigations on conditions identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include gout.

Gout

1. Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS

Preparations

Stelechocarpus burahol has 1 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include cell suspension culture.

Cell suspension culture

1. Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS