Spiranthera odoratissima
Spiranthera odoratissima · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (0 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Spiranthera odoratissima is a botanical species that has garnered scientific interest due to its complex chemical profile. Research focusing on its leaf components has identified the presence of the lignan sesamin within its structure. When prepared as an EtOAc extract, the plant exhibits significant biological activities during various pharmacological assessments. Specifically, studies have evaluated its effects on inflammation and pain management in experimental models. Furthermore, its impact on capillary permeability and results from the formalin test provide insight into its therapeutic potential.
- Synonyms
- Spiranthera Leopoldiana · Terpnanthus Jasminoides · 1 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Rutaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Leaf
Classification
Synonyms
Spiranthera odoratissima is a botanical species known to be associated with several different taxonomic names. Within scientific literature, it is frequently identified by its synonym, Spiranthera leopoldiana. The plant also encompasses the variety known as Spiranthera odoratissima var. grandiflora. Furthermore, researchers may encounter this same organism under the synonym Terpnanthus jasminoides. Understanding these various nomenclatural relationships is essential for accurate identification in the field.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Spiranthera odoratissima is a fascinating botanical specimen that belongs to the expansive kingdom Plantae. Within this vast biological realm, it is specifically classified under the class Equisetopsida. The plant is further organized into the order Sapindales, showcasing its unique evolutionary lineage. It holds a distinct position within the genus Spiranthera, a group defined by specific structural characteristics. Finally, this species is a proud member of the Rutaceae family, linking it to a diverse array of related vegetation.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Family | Rutaceae |
| Genus | Spiranthera |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Spiranthera odoratissima is a plant species primarily found within the diverse landscapes of Southern America. Its distribution is notably widespread across Brazil, where it inhabits the Northern, Northeastern, and Southeastern regions. The species also maintains a presence in the West-Central areas of Brazil, showcasing its adaptability to various local climates. Beyond the borders of Brazil, it extends its range into Western South America, specifically within Bolivia. This broad geographic reach highlights the plant's significance across multiple ecological zones in the region.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Spiranthera odoratissima exhibits a distinct shrub-like growth form that defines its physical presence. As a self-supporting species, it maintains its own structure without the need for external assistance.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Compounds
Spiranthera odoratissima serves as a rich source of various bioactive secondary metabolites found within its leaves. During the chemical analysis of its ethyl acetate extract, researchers successfully isolated several significant compounds. Among these identified substances, the plant was found to contain sesamin alongside new polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols. These isolated components, which include sesamin and spiranthenones, were evaluated for their potential medicinal properties. Ultimately, the study revealed that these constituents exhibit moderate antiprotozoal activity without causing significant cytotoxicity.
Conditions
Spiranthera odoratissima exhibits significant biological activity against several pathogens, including the yeast Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01. The ethyl acetate extract of its leaves also effectively treats the protozoans Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi. These results demonstrate that the plant possesses notable antiprotozoal activity through various isolated compounds. Furthermore, the medicinal extracts of this species are capable of treating inflammation by reducing capillary permeability. This diverse range of effects highlights the plant's potential for addressing both parasitic and inflammatory conditions.
Preparations
Spiranthera odoratissima leaves were processed to yield an EtOAc extract for chemical investigation. This specific ethyl acetate extract served as the source for isolating several bioactive compounds. Among these substances were the new polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols known as spiranthenones A and B. The extraction process also successfully recovered a sesquiterpenoid, sesamin, and β-sitosterol. These isolated constituents from the EtOAc extract were subsequently tested for their antiprotozoal activity.
Parts used
Spiranthera odoratissima provides a valuable source of bioactive compounds through its leaf tissue. Research involving ethyl acetate extracts from these leaves has demonstrated significant activity against various pathogens, including Cryptococcus gattii, Plasmodium falciparum, and Trypanosoma cruzi. Scientific investigations have successfully isolated unique chemical structures from the plant, such as the tetraprenylated phloroglucinol derivatives known as spiranthenones A and B. These leaf-derived compounds, along with specific sesquiterpenoids, exhibit promising antiprotozoal properties while maintaining low cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. Consequently, the leaf components of this species represent a significant area of interest for the ongoing development of new medicinal leads.