Anise Goldenrod

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Anise Goldenrod

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Solidago linearifolia var. brachypoda
• Solidago marginella var. sublanceolata
• Solidago linearifolia var. poeppigii
• Solidago microglossa var. ramosa
• Solidago repens
• Solidago bonariensis
• Solidago coquimbana
• Solidago linearifolia
• Solidago chilensis var. chilensis
• Solidago marginella
• Solidago microglossa var. linearifolia
• Solidago nitidula

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Asterales, it is classified under the family Asteraceae. Specifically, it is identified by the genus Solidago, with its species name being chilensis.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a widespread and diverse geographical distribution across several continents. In Europe, its presence is noted within the borders of Spain. It also inhabits the Macaronesian islands, specifically found in the Azores and Madeira. Moving toward the Americas, the species can be located in the Caribbean region of Puerto Rico. Finally, its range extends to Western South America, where it is found in Bolivia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Solidago chilensis is characterized by its remarkable adaptability to a diverse range of environmental conditions and varied landscapes. It inhabits a broad spectrum of ecosystems, including anthropic areas, high-altitude fields (Campo de Altitude), rocky fields (Campo Rupestre), and coastal Restinga environments. Furthermore, it is found within various forest types, such as riparian or gallery forests (Floresta Ciliar ou Galeria), semi-deciduous seasonal forests (Floresta Estacional Semidecidual), ombrophilous forests (Floresta Ombrófila, including both pluvial and mixed types), and diverse tropical forest structures. This species exhibits a wide vertical distribution, thriving at elevations ranging from sea level (0 m AMSL) up to a maximum altitude of 2500 m AMSL.

Elevational range max:

2500 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Habitat :

Área Antrópica, Campo de Altitude, Campo Rupestre, Floresta Ciliar ou Galeria, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Floresta Ombrófila (= Floresta Pluvial), Floresta Ombrófila Mista, Restinga

Life history

The life history of Solidago chilensis is characterized by its classification as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons rather than completing its cycle in a single year. Structurally, it functions as a cryptophyte, a life form where the regenerative buds are protected below the soil surface during unfavorable conditions. Within this category, it specifically exhibits the traits of a geophyte, relying on underground storage organs to survive environmental stressors and facilitate regrowth.

Life form :

geophyte

Life form :

cryptophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Solidago chilensis is characterized by a growth form as a non-woody herb, functioning as a self-supporting plant that does not exhibit climbing behavior. As a terrestrial species, it lacks aquatic or semiaquatic tendencies and does not function as an epiphyte, maintaining a strictly terrestrial existence. The plant is an independent organism, meaning it does not act as a parasite, and its physical structure is entirely non-woody, typical of many herbaceous forbs in its genus.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Parasite :

independent

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Solidago chilensis is fundamentally characterized by its utilization of the C3 photosynthetic pathway, a mechanism in which carbon dioxide is fixed directly into a three-carbon compound during the initial stages of the Calvin cycle. This metabolic process dictates the plant's resource management, particularly regarding its transpiration rates and water-use efficiency, as it relies on the opening of stomata to facilitate gas exchange, which simultaneously leads to water loss. The plant's energy production and carbon assimilation are tightly linked to its environmental adaptations, where the C3 pathway allows for efficient growth under moderate temperatures and sufficient moisture availability. Furthermore, its physiological processes are integrated with typical Asteraceae metabolic profiles, involving complex hormonal signaling and nutrient uptake mechanisms that support its structural development and secondary metabolite synthesis.

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Solidago chilensis has 3 reported plant parts identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, rhizome, root.

Leaf

1. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology
2. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Rhizome

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Root

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Chemicals

Solidago chilensis has 4 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Afzelin, CHLOROGENIC ACID, Flavonoids, quercitrin.

Afzelin

1. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

CHLOROGENIC ACID

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Flavonoids

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

quercitrin

1. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

Activities

Solidago chilensis has 1 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antinociceptive.

Antinociceptive

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Conditions

Solidago chilensis has 6 reported investigations on conditions identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include pain, cancer, edema, flexibility, nociception.

Pain

1. Spine
2. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Cancer

1. Cancers

Edema

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Flexibility

1. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

Nociception

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Pleurisy

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Preparations

Solidago chilensis has 13 reported preparations identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include Essential oils, acetal fraction, aqueous fraction, butanolic fraction, crude extract.

Essential oils

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Acetal fraction

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Aqueous fraction

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Butanolic fraction

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Crude extract

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Dichloromethane fraction

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Hexane fraction

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Hydroalcoholic extract

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Inflorescence crude extract

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Inflorescences

1. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity