What to know about Solanum lanceolatum (chilean potato) before using it medicinally

Solanum lanceolatum, commonly known as Chilean potato, is a herb renowned for its diverse health properties, which have been used to alleviate conditions such as fever, inflammation, and digestive disorders.

As a hardy, perennial herb, it is relatively easy to cultivate and can thrive in various environments, making it a popular choice among gardeners. Botanically, Solanum lanceolatum belongs to the Solanaceae family, characterized by its distinctive lance-shaped leaves and edible tubers.

Historically, the herb has been used by the indigenous Mapuche people of Chile and Argentina for medicinal and culinary purposes, as well as by European settlers in the 19th century.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Solanum lanceolatum.

What are the medicinal properties of Solanum lanceolatum?

Solanum lanceolatum helps with treating various health conditions including fever, rheumatism, and skin problems due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

The active constituents of Solanum lanceolatum include solanine, solamargine, and solasonine, which are responsible for its medicinal properties, including inhibiting tumor growth and exhibiting antiviral activities.

The leaves, stems, and roots of the plant are used for medicinal purposes, with the leaves being used to treat fever and rheumatism, while the roots are used for skin conditions and the stems for gastrointestinal issues.

Improper use of Solanum lanceolatum can lead to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea due to its high solanine content, which can cause toxicity when ingested in large amounts.

The most common precautions to take when using Solanum lanceolatum medicinally include proper identification of the plant, avoiding ingestion of large amounts, and consulting with a healthcare professional, especially for pregnant women and children.

What are the horticulural aspects of Solanum lanceolatum?

Solanum lanceolatum, also known as Chilean potato, grow best in full sun to partial shade and require well-drained soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Temperatures between 15°C and 25°C (59°F and 77°F) are optimal for growth.

For optimal growth, plant Chilean potatoes in early spring or fall, 10-15 cm (4-6 inches) deep, in a spot with good air circulation. Plant tubers 30 cm (12 inches) apart, and water regularly until new shoots appear.

Harvest Chilean potatoes when the plants start to yellow and die back, indicating the tubers are mature. Dig carefully to avoid damaging the tubers, and harvest them when they are dry and firm to the touch.

Common pests affecting Chilean potatoes include the potato moth, Colorado potato beetle, and flea beetles. Fungal diseases such as late blight and powdery mildew are also prevalent. Regular monitoring and integrated pest management techniques can help control these issues.

What are the botanical aspects of Solanum lanceolatum?

Solanum lanceolatum is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows up to 1.5 meters in height, with a spreading habit and a stout root system. Leaves are lanceolate, 5-12 cm long, and 2-4 cm wide, with an acuminate tip and serrated margins. Flowers are purple, 2-3 cm long, and arranged in axillary clusters.

Solanum lanceolatum belongs to the family Solanaceae and is classified within the genus Solanum. The plant is further classified as Solanum lanceolatum (R. et P.) Dunal, with two varieties: var. lanceolatum and var. siliquosum. The species is closely related to Solanum tuberosum, the common potato.

Solanum lanceolatum has several variants, including var. siliquosum, which is characterized by its elongated siliquae, and var. lanceolatum, which has a more typical morphology. Some populations also exhibit a higher concentration of alkaloids, while others have larger tubers.

Solanum lanceolatum is native to the Andean region of South America, specifically in present-day Chile and Argentina. The plant grows in a variety of habitats, including dry scrublands and grasslands, often in areas with shallow soils and high elevations.

The life cycle of Solanum lanceolatum begins with germination, which occurs after a period of cold stratification. The seedling emerges, develops into a rosette, and then grows into a mature plant. The plant flowers and produces berries, which contain seeds for reproduction. The tubers are harvested in the fall, usually after 6-9 months of growth.

What are the historical aspects of Solanum lanceolatum?

Solanum lanceolatum, also known as Chilean potato, is a wild potato species native to South America. It has been used by indigenous communities for food and medicine, roasted or boiled, and dried to preserve for future use. This plant has been a staple for Andean populations.

In Inca mythology, Solanum lanceolatum was associated with the god of agriculture and fertility, Pachamama. The plant was considered a symbol of fertility, and its tubers were believed to have healing properties. This mythology is reflected in the plant's continued use in traditional medicine.

In many South American cultures, Solanum lanceolatum is a symbol of abundance and fertility. The plant is often used in rituals to promote fertility and prosperity, and its tubers are considered a gift from the gods. Its association with Pachamama solidifies its significance in indigenous mythology.

The Spanish conquistadors documented the use of Solanum lanceolatum in their written accounts of the New World. Francisco Pizarro noted the plant's use by the indigenous population in his letters to the King of Spain. This historical text provides evidence of the plant's widespread use.

The presence of Solanum lanceolatum tubers has been documented in archaeological sites in Chile and Argentina, dating back to 10,000 BCE. Pottery fragments have been found containing the plant's seeds, further solidifying its importance in pre-Columbian cultures.