Siparuna guianensis

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Citrosma guianensis
• Citrosma guianensis var. divergentifolia
• Siparuna guianensis var. divergentifolia
• Siparuna foetida
• Angelina divergentifolia
• Siparuna duckeana
• Citrosma camporum
• Siparuna discolor
• Siparuna panamensis
• Siparuna arianeae
• Siparuna itacaiunensis
• Siparuna archeri
• Siparuna savanicola
• Siparuna camporum
• Siparuna cavalcantei
• Citrosma guianensis f. divergentifolia
• Siparuna guianensis var. glabrescens
• Citrosma guianensis f. nuda
• Siparuna guianensis var. longifolia
• Citrosma guianensis var. nuda
• Siparuna guianensis var. nitens
• Citrosma discolor
• Citrosma oligocarpa

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, Siparuna guianenensis, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is categorized under the order Laurales. Finally, it is classified under the family Siparunaceae and the genus Siparuna.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse geographical distribution spanning several regions within the Neotropics. In Central America, its presence is documented across Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panamá. Moving toward the Caribbean, it can also be found in Trinidad and Tobago. Furthermore, the species extends into Northern South America, specifically within French Guiana. Together, these locations highlight the broad range inhabited by Siparuna guianenensis.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Siparuna guianensis is characterized by its remarkable adaptability to diverse Brazilian biomes and a wide altitudinal distribution. This species thrives in a variety of habitats, ranging from the open landscapes of the Cerrado (latu sensu) to more complex forest systems, including Ciliary or Gallery Forests, Terra Firme Forests, Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forests, and Ombrophilous (Rainforest) environments. Its ecological niche spans a significant vertical gradient, occurring from sea level at 0 m AMSL up to high-altitude regions reaching a maximum elevation of 2000 m AMSL.

Elevational range max:

2000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Habitat :

Cerrado (lato sensu), Floresta Ciliar ou Galeria, Floresta de Terra Firme, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Floresta Ombrófila (= Floresta Pluvial)

Life history

The life history of Siparuna guianenis is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, allowing the plant to persist in its environment over many years rather than completing its cycle within a single growing season. As a perennial species, it maintains a long-term presence in its native habitat, establishing a stable structural component within its ecosystem. This extended lifespan enables the plant to undergo multiple reproductive cycles throughout its existence, contributing to its long-term survival and ecological integration.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Siparuna guianenis is characterized by its woody structure and versatile growth forms, functioning primarily as a tree or a shrub. It exhibits a significant vertical presence, with a mean plant height of 8 meters and the capacity to reach a maximum height of 15 meters. This species is strictly terrestrial in its habitat, not exhibiting aquatic or semiaquatic tendencies, nor does it function as an epiphyte. In terms of its structural support and dependency, the plant is self-supporting rather than acting as a climber, liana, or vine, and it maintains an independent existence without behaving as a parasite.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Growth form :

shrub

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

15 m

Plant height mean:

8 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Siparuna guianenensis is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, indicating a reliance on the standard Calvin cycle for carbon fixation. In terms of nutrient cycling, the species does not function as a nitrogen fixer. The plant's structural and metabolic efficiency can be assessed through its leaf and stem properties; the leaf dry matter content (LDMC) shows significant variability, with a mean of 334.05 mg/g, ranging from a minimum of 280.5 mg/g to a maximum of 387.6 mg/g. Furthermore, the stem specific density (SSD) reflects the plant's structural investment, exhibiting a mean value of 570 mg/cm³, though recorded values within its physiological profile include a minimum and maximum of 460 mg/cm³.

Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) max:

387.6 mg/g

Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) mean:

334.05 mg/g

Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) min:

280.5 mg/g

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Stem specific density (SSD) mean:

570 mg/cm³

Stem specific density (SSD) min:

460 mg/cm³

Reproduction

The reproduction of Siparuna guianenensis is characterized by the production of seeds with highly consistent physical dimensions. These seeds exhibit a uniform seed mass, maintaining a constant value of 0.02 g across the minimum, maximum, and mean measurements. In terms of spatial dimensions, the seed volume is remarkably stable, with a minimum, maximum, and mean value all recorded at 20 mm³. While the volume remains constant, the longitudinal dimensions show slight variability, with seed lengths ranging from a minimum of 1 mm to a maximum of 6 mm.

Seed length max:

6 mm

Seed length min:

1 mm

Seed mass mean:

0.02 g

Seed volume max:

20 mm³

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Activities

Siparuna guianensis has 2 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include AChE-Inhibitor, Cytostatic.

AChE-Inhibitor

1. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

Cytostatic

1. Phytotherapy research : PTR

Conditions

Siparuna guianensis has 1 reported investigations on conditions identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include tumor cell lines.

Tumor cell lines

1. Phytotherapy research : PTR

Preparations

Siparuna guianensis has 4 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include essential oil, EO, essential oils, oils.

Essential oil

1. Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia
2. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

Eo

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Essential oils

1. Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia

Oils

1. Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia