Siparuna guianensis
Siparuna guianensis · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (6 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Siparuna guianensis is a botanical species recognized for its significant therapeutic potential in modern pharmacology. Researchers have focused on its essential oils (EO) to harness a diverse range of bioactive properties. These preparations have demonstrated powerful antioxidant and antidepressant activities in various studies. Furthermore, the plant shows promising cytostatic effects for anticancer applications and serves as a candidate for antimalarial treatment. Consequently, studying this species offers vital insights into combating conditions such as malaria and various forms of cancer.
- Synonyms
- Angelina Divergentifolia · Siparuna Duckeana · 21 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Siparunaceae
- Distribution
- Southern America
- Plant Parts
- Not available
Classification
Common Names
Siparuna guianensis is a versatile plant recognized by a diverse array of local names across different regions. It is frequently referred to as Cafezinho or Café-do-mato, names that often hint at its aromatic qualities. In other areas, it may be known as Catingueiro, reflecting its specific ecological connections. Some communities also call it Limão-bravo, while others use the term Negramina. This variety of nomenclature highlights the plant's widespread presence and cultural significance in various landscapes.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Siparuna guianensis is a plant species that has been historically identified through various botanical classifications. Due to changes in taxonomic understanding, it is recognized by several scientific synonyms, including Angelina divergentifolia. The species is also closely linked to multiple names within the Citrosma genus, such as Citrosma camporum and Citrosma discolor. Furthermore, the nomenclature includes Citrosma guianensis and its specific form, Citrosma guianensis f. divergentifolia. These overlapping names highlight the complex botanical history associated with this particular plant.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Siparuna guianensis belongs to the vast kingdom Plantae, representing the diverse life found within the botanical world. As a member of the class Equisetopsida, this species fits into a specific evolutionary lineage of flowering plants. It is further classified under the order Laurales, a group known for its distinct morphological characteristics. Within this order, the plant is situated in the family Siparunaceae, highlighting its unique biological traits. Ultimately, it finds its place within the genus Siparuna, completing its formal taxonomic identity.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Laurales |
| Family | Siparunaceae |
| Genus | Siparuna |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Siparuna guianensis is a plant species with a widespread presence across the diverse landscapes of South America. It is most notably established throughout Brazil, where it inhabits a vast array of regional environments. The species can be found stretching from the lush terrains of the North to the vibrant ecosystems of the Northeast. Its range further extends through the South and Southeast, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to different climates. Finally, its distribution reaches into the West-Central regions, solidifying its status as a significant botanical inhabitant of the continent.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Siparuna guianensis is a self-supporting tree species found in various tropical habitats. This plant typically grows to a maximum height of 15 meters, though it can also be found reaching about 8 meters. Its sturdy growth form allows it to stand firmly within its ecological niche. These height variations reflect the adaptable nature of this woody species.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Siparuna guianensis stands out as a versatile medicinal plant with a wide range of documented pharmacological properties. Research indicates that its essential oils possess strong anticancer activity, particularly showing high selectivity for breast and brain cancer cells. Beyond oncology, this species is recognized for its traditional use as an antimalarial agent in various cultural groups. Ethnopharmacological studies further suggest that the plant holds significant potential for developing antidepressant and anxiolytic treatments. Additionally, the plant serves as a host for endophytic fungi that contribute to its overall antioxidant profile.
Compounds
Siparuna guianensis, a plant popularly known as "negramina" from the Amazonian region, serves as a significant source of bioactive essential oils. Chemical analysis of its leaves reveals that sesquiterpenoids, specifically shyobunone and its derivatives, are the major constituents of the oil. Within this chemical profile, researchers have identified that the plant contains iso-shyobunone, which acts as a potent ligand during molecular docking studies. This specific compound demonstrates a strong ability to interact with acetylcholinesterase, suggesting a mechanism for non-competitive inhibition. Consequently, the presence of iso-shyobunone in Siparuna guianensis highlights the plant's potential for developing neuroprotective treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
Conditions
Siparuna guianensis demonstrates significant medicinal potential through its ability to treat Leishmania (L.) amazonensis. Research suggests this plant is a candidate for further study regarding its antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. The essential oils of this species also show strong inhibitory action against brain (U251) cancer cells. Additionally, it displays high selectivity in treating breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. Finally, the plant exhibits notable cytostatic activity against various tumor cell lines.
Preparations
Siparuna guianensis is prepared as essential oils to investigate various biological and therapeutic applications. Research indicates that the essential oils derived from this plant demonstrate significant inhibitory activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. Additionally, the essential oil of Siparuna guianensis exhibits strong inhibitory action against brain cancer cells. This specific preparation also shows high selectivity for both brain and breast cancer cells, which suggests a safer potential for medical use. Furthermore, the essential oil from this species lacks mutagenic effects, supporting its profile for future therapeutic development.