Simarouba versicolor
Simarouba versicolor · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (2 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Simarouba versicolor is a versatile medicinal plant known for its diverse therapeutic potential. Various parts of the plant, including the root, fruit, and stem, are utilized for their potent biological properties. Scientific studies have highlighted its significant anthelmintic and antitumor activities. These effects are driven by key chemical compounds such as ailanthinone, amarolide derivatives, and beta-sitosterol. Understanding these phytochemical profiles provides insight into the plant's valuable role in traditional and modern pharmacology.
- Synonyms
- Simarouba Antisyphilitica · Simarouba Versicolor Var. Angustifolia · 2 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Simaroubaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Root · Fruit
Classification
Common Names
Simarouba versicolor is a versatile botanical species recognized by a wide variety of regional names. Depending on the local area, it is frequently referred to as Mata-cachorro or Perdiz. In other parts of its habitat, people may call the plant Pitombeira-de-marajó. It is also commonly known by the names Praíba and Simaruba-do-brasil. These diverse common names reflect the deep cultural and linguistic connections shared with this important tree.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Simarouba versicolor is a botanical species known to exist under several different scientific names. It is frequently identified by the synonym Quassia versicolor in various botanical records. Additionally, the plant has been historically referred to as Simarouba antisyphilitica in certain studies. The taxonomic classification also includes specific varieties such as Simarouba versicolor var. angustifolia. Finally, researchers may encounter it documented as Simarouba versicolor var. pallida depending on the source.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Simarouba versicolor belongs to the vast kingdom Plantae, representing a diverse branch of the natural world. Within this kingdom, the species is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It further falls into the order Sapindales, a group known for its distinct botanical characteristics. As a member of the genus Simarouba, it holds a specific place in the evolutionary lineage of its kind. Finally, this plant is nested within the family Simaroubaceae, completing its complex biological identity.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Family | Simaroubaceae |
| Genus | Simarouba |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Simarouba versicolor is a plant species primarily distributed throughout the vast landscapes of Southern America. Within Brazil, it maintains a wide presence, spanning from the Northeast and Southeast to the West-Central regions. Its reach also extends across northern parts of the country, ensuring a robust ecological footprint in the Brazilian territory. Beyond Brazil, the species is found in Western South America, specifically inhabiting parts of Bolivia. This extensive range highlights the plant's adaptability to various tropical environments across the continent.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Simarouba versicolor is a self-supporting tree that maintains a sturdy structural form. This plant typically reaches a maximum height of approximately 10 meters in optimal conditions. However, it is also common to find specimens that cap at a height of 7 meters. This growth pattern defines its presence within its natural habitat.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Simarouba versicolor is a native Brazilian medicinal plant that holds significant promise due to its diverse therapeutic properties. Ethnopharmacological research identifies this species as a traditional remedy used for the management of intestinal helminthiasis. Scientific validation of its anthelmintic activity has been supported through various studies on its potential to combat parasites. Beyond its role as a vermicide, the plant also exhibits noteworthy antitumor potential. Specifically, compounds such as glaucarubinone isolated from its constituents contribute to its recognized cytotoxic and antileukemic activities.
Compounds
Simarouba versicolor is a plant species noted for its diverse and potent chemical profile. Scientific investigations have successfully isolated several key compounds from its various parts, including ailanthinone and amarolide 11-acetate. The plant also contains beta-sitosterol and a specific mixture of steroids, which contribute to its complex chemical makeup. Additionally, the presence of glaucarubinone is particularly significant due to its role in the plant's biological activity. Together, these constituents highlight the significant pharmacological potential found within Simarouba versicolor.
Conditions
Simarouba versicolor root bark exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against several specific cancer cell lines. Specifically, the plant's hexane extract treats the HCT-8 human colon carcinoma line with an IC(50) value of 0.5 microg/mL. It also demonstrates potent antiproliferative effects against the HL-60 leukemia cell line at 1.1 microg/mL. Furthermore, the extract is effective in treating the SF-295 brain tumor cell line with an IC(50) of 0.7 microg/mL. Finally, Simarouba versicolor treats the MDA-MB-435 melanoma cell line, showing a recorded IC(50) value of 1.5 microg/mL.
Preparations
Parts used
Simarouba versicolor is a species of the Simaroubaceae family that contains a variety of bioactive chemical constituents. Scientific analysis has successfully isolated diverse compounds, such as quassinoids and triterpenoids, from the plant's various components. Specifically, researchers have identified significant chemical profiles within the root, stem, and fruit of the species. The root bark has shown particular promise in medical studies, demonstrating strong cytotoxic activity against several human tumor cell lines. By studying these different parts, scientists continue to uncover the complex therapeutic potential of this botanical resource.