Scrophularia kakudensis

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Scrophularia kakudensis var. microphylla
• Scrophularia kakudensis var. velutina
• Scrophularia kakudensis var. toyamae
• Scrophularia kakudensis var. latisepala
• Scrophularia cephalantha
• Scrophularia latisepala
• Scrophularia maximowiczii
• Scrophularia toyamae
• Scrophularia shikokiana
• Scrophularia pilosa
• Scrophularia erecta
• Scrophularia koraiensis

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, known scientifically as Scrophularia kakudensis, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Lamiales and the family Scrophulariaceae. Ultimately, its taxonomic identity is defined by its placement within the genus Scrophularia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad distribution across several key regions of Eastern Asia. In the Russian Far East, its presence is specifically noted within the Primorye region. Its range extends significantly into China, where it can be found throughout Manchuria. Furthermore, the species is widely distributed across the Korean Peninsula. Finally, its geographical footprint encompasses various parts of Japan, completing its presence in Eastern Asia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Scrophularia kakudensis is characterized by its ability to thrive in a diverse range of environments, exhibiting significant adaptability to varying landscapes. It is commonly found inhabiting crop fields, forests, hills, and meadows, often favoring areas that maintain a degree of moisture, such as wet soils. Furthermore, the species colonizes disturbed or transitional sites, including old fields, roadsides, and shrubberies, where it can establish itself amidst competing vegetation.

Habitat :

crop fields, forest, hills, meadows: wet, old fields, roadsides, shrubberies

Life history

The life history of Scrophularia kakudenensis is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, allowing the plant to persist through multiple growing seasons. In terms of its growth structure and survival strategy, it is classified as a geophyte, a life form where the plant survives unfavorable environmental periods through underground organs. This classification further identifies the species as a cryptophyte, indicating that its regenerative buds are located below the soil surface, protected from external stressors.

Life form :

geophyte

Life form :

cryptophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Scrophularia kakudenis is characterized by its herbaceous growth form, functioning as a non-woody terrestrial plant. It is a self-supporting herb that does not exhibit climbing behavior. In terms of stature, the plant typically reaches an average height of 1 m, though individual specimens vary in size, with heights ranging from a minimum of 0.5 m to a maximum of 0.75 m.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Plant height max:

0.75 m

Plant height mean:

1 m

Plant height min:

0.5 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiological development of Scrophularia kakudenensis is characterized by significant morphological variability in its vegetative structures, particularly regarding its foliage. The leaf length serves as a key indicator of the plant's growth stages and environmental adaptation, exhibiting a broad range of dimensions. On average, the leaf length is approximately 8.5 cm, representing the mean physiological state of the specimen. However, individual growth patterns can fluctuate considerably, with minimum recorded leaf lengths of 5 cm in less developed or stressed tissues, while optimal physiological conditions can drive the leaf length to a maximum of 12 cm. This variance in leaf dimension reflects the plant's capacity for phenotypic plasticity in response to nutrient availability and light exposure.

Leaf length max:

12 cm

Leaf length mean:

8.5 cm

Leaf length min:

5 cm

Reproduction

The reproductive cycle of Scrophularia kakudenensis is characterized by a specific flowering window and the development of distinct fruit structures. The plant enters its flowering stage during the month of July, with both its flowering onset and conclusion concentrated within this period. Following successful pollination, the plant produces fruits that exhibit relatively consistent dimensions; the fruit length typically ranges from a minimum of 0.7 cm to a maximum of 0.9 cm, maintaining an average length of approximately 0.8 cm.

Flowering time :

Jul

Fruit length max:

0.9 cm

Fruit length mean:

0.8 cm

Fruit length min:

0.7 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Scrophularia kakudensis has 8 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, 6-Benzyladenine, Harpagoside, Methyl jasmonate.

Flavonoids

1. International journal of molecular sciences
2. Frontiers in plant science

2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

1. International journal of molecular sciences

6-Benzyladenine

1. International journal of molecular sciences

Harpagoside

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Methyl jasmonate

1. International journal of molecular sciences

Sodium nitroprusside

1. International journal of molecular sciences

acacetin

1. International journal of molecular sciences

salicylic acid

1. International journal of molecular sciences

Preparations

Scrophularia kakudensis has 1 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include cell suspension cultures.

Cell suspension cultures

1. International journal of molecular sciences