What to know about Schisandra chinensis (five flavor berry) before using it medicinally

Schisandra chinensis, commonly known as five flavor berry, is a revered herb in traditional Chinese medicine, prized for its diverse health benefits, including enhanced immune function, improved cardiovascular health, and increased longevity.

Native to the mountainous regions of China, this adaptable and resilient herb is grown in various climates and soil types, making it a sought-after crop among farmers and gardeners. Botanically, Schisandra chinensis is a woody vine of the Magnoliophyta class, characterized by its distinctive five-angled berries and unique flavor profile that combines sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami tastes.

With a recorded history of over 2,000 years, Schisandra chinensis has been extolled in ancient Chinese medical texts, such as the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, for its medicinal properties and versatility.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Schisandra chinensis.

What are the medicinal properties of Schisandra chinensis?

Schisandra chinensis helps with cardiovascular disease, improves cognitive function, and enhances immune system response. It is also used for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adaptogenic properties.

The medicinal properties of Schisandra chinensis are attributed to its active constituents, including schisandrins, schisandrachromones, and lignans. These compounds work synergistically to provide its various health benefits.

The most commonly used parts of the plant for medicinal purposes are the berries, twigs, and roots. The berries are rich in antioxidants and vitamins, while the twigs and roots contain high amounts of lignans and other bioactive compounds.

When used improperly, Schisandra chinensis can cause gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, and interact with certain medications such as blood thinners and diabetes medications. Improper dosing and preparation can exacerbate these effects.

The most common precautions when using Schisandra chinensis medicinally include consulting a healthcare professional, monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and avoiding use in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Proper identification of the plant is also essential to avoid confusion with similar-looking species.

What are the horticulural aspects of Schisandra chinensis?

Schisandra chinensis grow well in moist, temperate climates with cool summers and cold winters. It thrives in USDA zones 4-8 and requires full sun to partial shade. The ideal soil pH is between 5.5 and 6.5.

Proper planting of Schisandra chinensis involves sowing seeds 1-2 inches deep and 1-2 inches apart in well-draining soil. Transplant seedlings 12-18 inches apart in the fall or early spring. Water regularly, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Mulching around the plants helps retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Harvesting Schisandra chinensis involves waiting until the berries turn a deep red color. The optimal time for harvesting is in late summer to early fall, when the berries are fully ripe. Cut the stem at the base, leaving a small portion attached to the plant. Handle the berries carefully to avoid bruising.

Schisandra chinensis is susceptible to pests like aphids, spider mites, and mealybugs. Common diseases include powdery mildew, root rot, and leaf spot, often caused by fungal pathogens. Regular monitoring and treatment can help prevent infestations and infections.

What are the botanical aspects of Schisandra chinensis?

Schisandra chinensis is an evergreen woody vine in the Magnoliaceae family. It has a woody stem with a diameter of up to 5 cm, with a woody root system and a simple, alternate leaf arrangement. The leaves are elliptical, 4-10 cm long, and 1-3 cm wide.

Schisandra chinensis is classified as Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. in the order Magnoliales, family Magnoliaceae, subfamily Schisandroideae. It is a member of the genus Schisandra, which contains 10 species. The species is native to East Asia, specifically China, Japan, and Korea.

Variants of Schisandra chinensis include Schisandra chinensis var. chinensis and Schisandra chinensis var. grandiflora. These variants are differentiated by differences in leaf shape and size, as well as flower and fruit morphology. The variants are used in traditional medicine and as a food source.

Schisandra chinensis is widely distributed in East Asia, particularly in the mountainous regions of China, Japan, and Korea. It grows in humid, subtropical forests at elevations of up to 3,000 meters above sea level. The plant is often found growing in association with other plant species, such as Quercus and Pinus.

The life cycle of Schisandra chinensis is characterized by a prolonged juvenile phase, which can last up to 10 years. The plant produces small, white flowers in early summer, followed by red or yellow berries in late summer. The berries are an important food source for many animals, including birds, small mammals, and insects. The plant is dioecious, with separate male and female plants, and reproduction occurs through pollination.

What are the historical aspects of Schisandra chinensis?

Schisandra chinensis is an ancient plant with a rich history of use in traditional medicine. In Chinese medicine, it was used to treat a variety of ailments, including fatigue, fever, and digestive problems. It was also used to promote longevity and vitality.

In Chinese mythology, Schisandra chinensis was associated with the eight immortals, who were believed to have achieved immortality through the use of magical herbs. The plant was said to have been used by the immortals to sustain their bodies and maintain their spiritual vitality.

Schisandra chinensis is considered a symbol of good fortune, longevity, and spiritual growth in Chinese culture. In traditional Chinese art, it is often depicted as a fruit or a berry, representing abundance and prosperity. It is also associated with the element of earth, representing stability and grounding.

Historical texts such as the Shennong Ben Cao Jing and the Ben Cao Gang Mu describe Schisandra chinensis as a medicinal plant with a sweet and sour taste. The plant was said to have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years, with various preparations and dosages documented in ancient medical texts.

Archeological excavations in ancient Chinese tombs have uncovered artifacts related to Schisandra chinensis, including ceramic vessels and bronze objects with images of the plant. These findings suggest that the plant was highly valued and widely used in ancient Chinese culture, with a significant presence in daily life and spiritual practices.