Gao Ben (Saussurea Lappa)

Gao Ben, scientifically known as Saussurea lappa, is a medicinal herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its potent therapeutic properties.

This adaptogen, native to the mountainous regions of Asia, is valued for its ability to enhance resilience and support overall well-being. Its primary benefits include reducing inflammation, improving circulation, and alleviating symptoms of respiratory and digestive disorders. Traditionally, Gao Ben has been used to treat conditions such as colds, coughs, and menstrual irregularities, and it holds a significant place in Chinese herbal practices.

In modern wellness, it is increasingly incorporated into supplements and formulations aimed at boosting immunity and reducing stress, with its unique compound, ligustilide, contributing to its distinctive spicy and aromatic flavor.

FREE COURSE

How to make medicinal herbal tinctures for common ailments at home and in a weekend (using the Healing Drops System).

Scientific and Botanical Profile

Gao Ben, with botanical name Saussurea lappa, is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family, native to regions spanning China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Iran.

Commonly known as Chinese Costus, Costus Root, Saussurea Root, Garden Angelica, Chinese Angelica, Sangus, Ghilai, Lappa Root, Huang Jing, Blackroot, Gao Ben Root, Kusum, and Saussurea Root, it is widely used in traditional medicine. Morphologically, it features a robust, rhizomatous root system with a dark brown, rough surface, and a branched, herbaceous stem that can reach up to 1 meter in height.

The plant produces yellowish to brownish composite flowers arranged in a dense head, typically blooming in late summer to early autumn.

History and Cultural Relevance

Gao Ben was used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries as a key herb known for its ability to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and improve circulation.

Originating from the mountainous regions of Asia, it has been an integral part of both traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic practices, valued for its potent therapeutic properties. In various cultures, Gao Ben has played a role in rituals and ceremonies, particularly in folk traditions where it was believed to ward off evil spirits and promote spiritual well-being. Today, its traditional remedies, such as formulations for menstrual cramps and arthritis, are still widely used in modern herbal medicine and complementary therapies.

The enduring cultural relevance of Gao Ben highlights its deep-rooted significance in both historical healing practices and contemporary wellness traditions.

Chemical Composition and Nutritional Profile

Gao Ben contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids such as lappa alkaloids, flavonoids like lappaflavone, essential oils rich in sesquiterpenes and monoterpene derivatives, and various terpenes that contribute to its medicinal properties.

Nutritionally, it is a good source of essential vitamins, particularly vitamin C and some B-complex vitamins, along with minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron, which support overall health. The plant is also rich in antioxidants, which help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the body. Its active components exert their effects by modulating inflammatory pathways, enhancing blood circulation, and promoting the relaxation of smooth muscles, which is why it is traditionally used for respiratory and digestive ailments.

These combined chemical and nutritional attributes make Gao Ben a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine.

Medicinal Properties and Health Benefits

Saussurea lappa has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for its potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties, making it particularly beneficial for the respiratory, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems.

It is known to alleviate symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, and gastrointestinal disorders due to its ability to reduce mucus production and soothe inflamed tissues. Compared to similar herbs like Curcuma longa (turmeric) or Zingiber officinale (ginger), Saussurea lappa offers a more pronounced effect on respiratory and joint health, with research suggesting it may be more potent in reducing chronic inflammation. Its unique combination of sesquiterpene lactones and other bioactive compounds contributes to its efficacy in treating conditions such as rheumatism and skin ailments.

While it shares some therapeutic benefits with other traditional herbs, its distinctive chemical profile and stronger anti-inflammatory action set it apart as a valuable remedy in both traditional and modern herbal practices.

Forms, Preparation and Usage

Saussurea lappa has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for its purported therapeutic properties, and it is available in various forms such as fresh root, dried root, tincture, powder, essential oil, and capsule.

To prepare saussurea lappa, it can be made into a tea by steeping the dried root in hot water, or a decoction can be made by boiling the root for a longer period. It can also be used as an infusion or applied topically for skin conditions. The recommended dosage for adults is typically 200-500 mg of standardized extract per day, while children should only use it under medical supervision if deemed safe.

Due to its potency, it is advised to use saussurea lappa sparingly, with a duration of use not exceeding a few weeks unless directed by a healthcare professional.

Safety, Side Effects and Contraindications

Saussurea lappa can be used as a medicinal plant for its potential anti-inflammatory and digestive properties, but it must be used with caution due to its potential side effects and interactions.

Common side effects may include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, and allergic reactions, particularly in individuals sensitive to sesquiterpene lactones found in the plant. It may interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners or antidiabetic drugs, potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid saussurea lappa due to insufficient safety data, and it is contraindicated in individuals with chronic illnesses like ulcers or gastrointestinal disorders.

To ensure safe use, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before use, follow recommended dosages, and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

Growing, Harvesting and Storage

Saussurea lappa grows in temperate climates with well-drained, loamy soil that is rich in organic matter and has a pH between 6.0 and 7.5.

It thrives in full sun to partial shade and requires consistent moisture during its growing season, though it is somewhat drought-tolerant once established. To ensure optimal growth, regular weeding, mulching, and occasional fertilization with a balanced NPK fertilizer are recommended. The plant is typically harvested in the fall when the roots are most potent, using a spade or shovel to carefully dig up the entire root system without damaging the rhizomes.

After harvesting, the roots are washed, cut into pieces, and dried in a well-ventilated area or using a dehydrator to preserve their medicinal properties, then stored in airtight containers in a cool, dark, and dry place to maintain potency.

FAQ

Saussurea lappa, also known as Costus, is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its purported anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits.

It is generally safe to grow at home in temperate climates, as it prefers well-drained soil and full sun, though it may require some care to thrive in colder regions. The effects of saussurea lappa can typically be felt within a few weeks of regular use, though individual responses may vary depending on the condition being addressed. It can be combined with other herbs such as ginger or turmeric to enhance its therapeutic effects, but it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before mixing supplements.

While short-term use is generally safe, long-term consumption should be monitored, as there is limited research on its safety over extended periods, and it is best consumed in recommended dosages under professional guidance.