Sassafras albidum
Sassafras albidum · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (1 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Sassafras albidum is a versatile deciduous tree known for its diverse pharmacological profile. Research into its various extracts has revealed a range of significant biological activities. These preparations demonstrate (-)-chronotropic and (-)-inotropic effects, which can influence heart rate and contraction strength. Furthermore, the plant has shown potential as a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor and an ACE-inhibitor. Understanding these multifaceted properties highlights the complex medicinal value of this species.
- Synonyms
- Sassafras Officinale Var. Albidum · Sassafras Triloba Var. Mollis · 10 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Lauraceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Not available
Classification
Common Names
Sassafras albidum is a remarkable tree known by a diverse array of names across different cultures and languages. In certain regions, it is referred to by the common name Chihkafo, while others may call it Fenchelholzbaum. The plant also holds cultural significance under the names Ka'nhiákera's and Menagwake. Its versatility is further reflected in the French designation Laurier des Iroquois. This variety of nomenclature highlights the global recognition and historical importance of this unique species.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Sassafras albidum is a versatile species known to be cataloged under several different botanical synonyms. Throughout historical classification, it has been identified as both Laurus albida and Laurus sassafras. Researchers have also utilized the name Persea sassafras when documenting this plant in various scientific contexts. The species further includes specific variations such as Sassafras albidum f. moldenkei. Additionally, the botanical community recognizes the distinct variety known as Sassafras albidum var. molle.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Sassafras albidum belongs to the expansive kingdom Plantae, serving as a vibrant representative of the natural world. Within this vast kingdom, it is classified under the class Equisetopsida. The plant is further organized into the order Laurales, which helps define its botanical lineage. It is a distinguished member of the genus Sassafras, a group known for its unique characteristics. Finally, it finds its specific botanical home within the family Lauraceae.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Laurales |
| Family | Lauraceae |
| Genus | Sassafras |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Sassafras albidum displays a widespread geographical presence that spans across both continents. In North America, the species is firmly established throughout Eastern Canada, particularly within the Ontario region. Its reach extends deeply into the North-Central United States, where it can be found growing in Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas. Beyond the Western Hemisphere, the plant also maintains a distribution in Europe, specifically within Southeastern Europe and Romania. This diverse range highlights the remarkable adaptability of the species across various international landscapes.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Sassafras albidum is a self-supporting tree that commands attention within its natural ecosystem. This species typically adopts a robust tree growth form as it matures. While its stature can vary, the plant generally reaches a height of at least 15 meters. For many specimens, the height settles into a more substantial range starting around 19.12 meters. Ultimately, these trees can reach a maximum height of 20 meters.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Sassafras albidum has been identified as a plant material with significant tumorigenic potential according to recent bioassays. During a study investigating the carcinogenicity of various folk medicinal herbs, researchers administered aqueous extracts to outbred NIH Black rats. The experimental results revealed that extracts from this specific plant induced tumors in over 50% of the treated subjects. This high incidence of tumor formation suggests a strong correlation between the consumption of the herb and the development of localized growths. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of how certain traditional medicinal plants may impact long-term health outcomes.
Compounds
Conditions
Sassafras albidum acts as a convoy drug that can increase the bioavailability of coadministered drugs by inhibiting P-gp, cytochrome P450s, or both. This mechanism allows for enhanced drug access to the body or specific organs as described in traditional medicine contexts. However, research also indicates that extracts of Sassafras albidum possess tumorigenic properties. In bioassays involving rats, these extracts were found to be tumorigenic in over 50% of the treated animals. Consequently, the plant demonstrates a dual nature involving both pharmacokinetic enhancement and carcinogenic potential.
Preparations
Sassafras albidum is prepared as aqueous extracts for use in medicinal bioassays. These specific plant extracts were administered via weekly subcutaneous injections to outbred NIH Black rats. The study focused on how consuming such products might correlate with high incidences of esophageal carcinoma. In this experimental setting, the extracts from the plant were found to be tumorigenic in over 50% of the treated animals. This research highlights the potential carcinogenic risks associated with the habitual consumption of these botanical preparations.