Sapium haematospermum

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Sapium marginatum var. stenophyllum
• Sapium biglandulosum f. longissimum
• Sapium linearifolium
• Excoecaria haematosperma
• Excoecaria tijueensis
• Excoecaria biglandulosa var. angustifolia
• Stillingia sylvatica var. paraguayensis
• Excoecaria biglandulosa var. squarrosa
• Excoecaria biglandulosa var. stenophylla
• Sapium aucuparium var. stenophyllum
• Excoecaria biglandulosa var. longifolia
• Excoecaria biglandulosa f. longifolia
• Excoecaria marginata f. stenophylla
• Excoecaria marginata var. stenophylla
• Sapium rojasii
• Sapium stenophyllum
• Sapium tijucense
• Sapium marginatum f. stenophyllum
• Sapium longifolium
• Sapium gibertii
• Sapium haematospermum f. arboreum
• Sapium biglandulosum var. longifolium
• Sapium bolivianum
• Sapium biglandulosum f. squarrosum
• Sapium biglandulosum var. stenophyllum
• Excoecaria biglandulosa f. squarrosa

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Malpighiales, it is classified under the family Euphorbiaceae. Finally, it is identified by the genus Sapium, specifically as the species Sapium haematospermum.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is distributed across several distinct regions of the South American continent. In Western South America, its presence is specifically noted within the borders of Bolivia. Its range extends significantly into Brazil, where it can be found in the West-Central, Southeast, and South regions. Furthermore, the species reaches into Southern South America, specifically inhabiting the Northeast part of Argentina. Consequently, these locations highlight a broad geographical footprint spanning multiple countries and climatic zones.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Sapium haematospermum is characterized by its presence in diverse biomes, specifically within the Cerrado (latu sensu) and the Floresta Ombrófila (also known as Floresta Pluvial). This species exhibits a broad altitudinal distribution, ranging from sea level up to a maximum elevation of 1800 m AMSL. On average, the plant is found at an elevation of 285 m AMSL, reflecting its ability to adapt to varying topographical gradients across its native habitats.

Elevational range max:

1800 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

285 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Habitat :

Cerrado (lato sensu), Floresta Ombrófila (= Floresta Pluvial)

Life history

The life history of Sapium haematospermum is characterized by its classification as a perennial organism, ensuring its presence in the ecosystem across multiple growing seasons. Regarding its structural growth and survival strategies, the species exhibits a dual life form profile; it is primarily categorized as a phanerophyte, possessing prominent above-ground woody stems that protect its buds during unfavorable conditions, while also displaying characteristics of a nanophanerophyte, where its growth habit may involve smaller, more compact woody structures.

Life form :

nanophanerophyte

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Sapium haematospermum is characterized by a woody growth form that manifests primarily as a tree or a shrub. This plant is a self-supporting species, lacking climbing tendencies such as lianas or vines, and functions as an independent organism rather than a parasite. It is a terrestrial plant, showing no aquatic, semiaquatic, or epiphytic characteristics. In terms of its physical stature, the species exhibits significant vertical development, with an average plant height of approximately 9 meters and the capacity to reach a maximum height of up to 12 meters.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Growth form :

shrub

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

12 m

Plant height mean:

9 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Sapium haematospermum is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation process through the direct carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate by the enzyme RuBisCO. This metabolic framework implies that the plant primarily utilizes the Calvin cycle for sugar production, typically operating most efficiently under moderate temperature and moisture conditions. Furthermore, the species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it lacks the symbiotic relationship with diazotrophic bacteria necessary to convert atmospheric nitrogen into biologically available forms; instead, it relies entirely on the uptake of nitrates and ammonium present in the soil substrate to fulfill its nitrogenous nutritional requirements.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Sapium haematospermum is characterized by a biotic pollination syndrome, relying on biological agents rather than abiotic factors to facilitate fertilization. Specifically, the plant utilizes insect-mediated pollination, with bees playing a key role in the transfer of pollen. The species exhibits a reproductive strategy where self-fertilization is absent, necessitating cross-pollination to ensure genetic diversity. Following successful fertilization, the plant produces seeds with a highly consistent mass; the seed mass is uniform across its range, with a mean, minimum, and maximum value all recorded at 0.04 g.

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

bee

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Seed mass mean:

0.04 g

Self fertilization :

absent

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Sapium haematospermum has 3 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Cycloartanol, lecheronol A, lecheronol B.

Cycloartanol

1. Journal of natural products

lecheronol A

1. Journal of natural products

lecheronol B

1. Journal of natural products

Conditions

Sapium haematospermum has 1 reported investigations on conditions identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1. Journal of natural products

Preparations

Sapium haematospermum has 1 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH (1:1) extract of the aerial parts.

Ch(2)cl(2)/meoh (1:1) extract of the aerial parts

1. Journal of natural products