Sapium haematospermum
Sapium haematospermum · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (0 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Sapium haematospermum is a distinctive plant species that has become a subject of interest in phytochemical research. Recent investigations have focused on the chemical profile of its aerial parts to uncover potential bioactive properties. Specifically, researchers have utilized a CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH (1:1) extract to isolate and study its constituent compounds. Among these findings, the triterpene cycloartanol has been identified as a notable chemical component. Understanding these specific elements provides valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of this botanical species.
- Synonyms
- Excoecaria Haematosperma · Excoecaria Marginata F. Stenophylla · 24 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Euphorbiaceae
- Distribution
- Asia-Tropical
- Plant Parts
- Not available
Classification
Common Names
Sapium haematospermum is a versatile species known by a diverse array of regional names. In various localities, it is frequently referred to as Carrapateira or Curupí. Some communities also identify the plant as Fruta-de-cachorro, highlighting its distinct characteristics. Due to its sap, it is commonly called Leiteira or Leiteiro-chorão. These multiple common names reflect the plant's deep integration into different cultural and linguistic landscapes.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Sapium haematospermum is a species characterized by a complex taxonomic history involving several botanical synonyms. Much of its classification is closely linked to various forms and varieties of Excoecaria biglandulosa. Specifically, it has been identified as Excoecaria biglandulosa f. longifolia and Excoecaria biglandulosa f. squarrosa in previous records. The plant also shares nomenclature with the varieties Excoecaria biglandulosa var. angustifolia, var. longifolia, and var. squarrosa. Understanding these overlapping names is essential for accurate botanical identification and research.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Sapium haematospermum is a unique botanical specimen that belongs to the vast kingdom Plantae. Within this diverse group, it is specifically classified under the class Equisetopsida. The plant is further organized into the order Malpighiales, showcasing its complex evolutionary lineage. It is a proud member of the genus Sapium, which defines its closest biological relatives. Finally, its taxonomic journey concludes within the widely recognized family Euphorbiaceae.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Malpighiales |
| Family | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus | Sapium |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Sapium haematospermum is a plant species primarily distributed across various regions of Southern America. Within Brazil, its presence is widely recorded across the Southeast, West-Central, and southern territories. The species also extends its reach into the southern reaches of the continent, specifically inhabiting parts of Argentina. Detailed mapping shows it can be found in both the Northeast and Northwest regions of this neighboring country. Collectively, these locations highlight the broad geographic range this plant maintains throughout the southern hemisphere.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Sapium haematospermum is a self-supporting plant that takes the form of a sturdy tree. This species typically reaches a maximum height of 12 meters as it matures. However, it can also be found growing at a more modest stature of up to 9 meters. This variation in height allows it to adapt effectively to its specific environment.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Compounds
Sapium haematospermum serves as a rich source of bioactive chemical constituents found within its aerial parts. Research has identified that this plant contains several significant compounds, including the triterpene cycloartanol. Additionally, the species is notable for containing the two novel pimaranes known as lecheronol A and lecheronol B. These specific substances were isolated during the study of fractions that inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Together, these chemical relationships highlight the complex phytochemical profile of the plant.
Conditions
Sapium haematospermum possesses medicinal properties that can inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Research involving extracts from the aerial parts of this plant identified several novel compounds, including new pimaranes and a highly oxygenated chalconoid. Among the isolated constituents, specific compounds such as lecheronol A, 3 alpha-hydroxyolean-12-ene, and cycloartanol demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. These active substances showed impressive potency with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 4 to 13.4 microg/mL. Furthermore, toxicity tests indicated that these growth-inhibiting components maintained relatively high safety thresholds in Vero cells.
Preparations
Sapium haematospermum was prepared as a CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH (1:1) extract utilizing its aerial parts. This specific extraction process yielded various fractions used to isolate several novel compounds. Among these isolated substances were two new pimaranes, lecheronol A and lecheronol B, alongside an acylated cycloartane and a novel chalconoid. The resulting extract proved effective in inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Researchers utilized this particular preparation to identify several active triterpene derivatives and flavonol glucosides.