Sandoricum koetjape
Sandoricum koetjape · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (0 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Sandoricum koetjape, commonly known as santol, is a tropical plant species that has gained significant scientific interest due to its diverse bioactive properties. Research has focused heavily on the stem bark, particularly through the use of aqueous extracts and potassium koetjapate (KKA) preparations. These studies highlight the presence of critical chemical compounds such as koetjapic acid, tannins, triterpenes, and quercetin. These constituents are being investigated for their potential to influence complex biological conditions, including angiogenesis, DNA damage, infection, and metastasis. Consequently, the plant represents a promising subject for developing new therapeutic strategies against various diseases.
- Synonyms
- Sandoricum Maingayi · Sandoricum Ternatum · 14 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Meliaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Stem
Classification
Common Names
Sandoricum koetjape is a fascinating tropical tree known by a diverse array of regional names. Most frequently, it is referred to by its popular common name, Santol. Depending on the local dialect or translation, you may also encounter it called Kecapi or Kechapi. In some botanical contexts, the tree is identified as Sandoribaum. Additionally, it is widely recognized by the descriptive name Cotton Fruit.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Sandoricum koetjape is a plant species recognized by several different botanical names within scientific literature. One well-known synonym for this tree is Melia koetjape, reflecting its complex taxonomic history. It has also been identified under the names Sandoricum glaberrimum and Sandoricum harmandii in various studies. Furthermore, the species is linked to the synonyms Sandoricum harmsianum and Sandoricum indicum. Understanding these various designations is essential for accurate botanical identification and research.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Sandoricum koetjape belongs to the vast kingdom Plantae, representing a diverse branch of the living world. Within this kingdom, the species is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It is further categorized into the order Sapindales, which helps define its botanical lineage. This plant is a proud member of the genus Sandoricum, a group with distinct characteristics. Finally, its botanical identity is completed by its placement within the family Meliaceae.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Family | Meliaceae |
| Genus | Sandoricum |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Sandoricum koetjape boasts a widespread distribution that spans across diverse tropical regions. In Africa, this species can be found throughout the Western Indian Ocean and the Seychelles. Its presence is also deeply rooted in the Asian tropics, particularly across the Indian Subcontinent and Sri Lanka. The plant extends its reach into the Indo-China region, encompassing Cambodia, Laos, and the Andaman Islands. This broad geographical range highlights the plant's adaptability to various humid, tropical environments.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Sandoricum koetjape is a prominent tree species characterized by its sturdy, self-supporting growth form. This botanical specimen can reach impressive proportions in the wild, typically scaling heights of up to 25 meters. However, under certain environmental conditions, it has the potential to grow even larger, reaching a maximum height of 45 meters. Such significant stature makes it a commanding presence within its natural habitat.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Compounds
Sandoricum koetjape is a medicinal plant rich in a diverse array of bioactive phytochemicals. It contains triterpenes, a group of compounds that includes the potent anticancer agent koetjapic acid. Beyond these specialized lipids, the plant also contains tannin and quercetin, which contribute to its broader therapeutic profile. Research indicates that these specific substances work together to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and protect epithelial cells from DNA damage. Consequently, the complex chemical makeup of Sandoricum koetjape offers significant potential for both antimicrobial and oncological applications.
Conditions
Sandoricum koetjape demonstrates significant therapeutic potential by protecting eukaryotic epithelial cells from DNA damage induced by colibactin-producing bacteria. The plant's active compound, koetjapic acid, effectively treats cancer cells by impeding their growth and proliferation through the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, this plant possesses potent antiangiogenic properties that help inhibit the dissemination of tumors. It specifically treats angiogenesis by targeting the VEGF signaling cascade and suppressing endothelial functions such as migration and differentiation. Through these diverse mechanisms, Sandoricum koetjape serves as a promising agent in combating both genetic damage and oncological progression.
Preparations
Sandoricum koetjape is prepared as aqueous extracts to demonstrate growth inhibition against colibactin-producing Escherichia coli and to protect epithelial cells from DNA damage. This plant is also prepared as potassium koetjapate (KKA) through chemical modification to increase the aqueous solubility of its active compound, koetjapic acid. The preparation of KKA allows for improved bioavailability and significant antiangiogenic efficacy in pharmacological studies. Furthermore, components of the plant are found when prepared as stem bark, which serves as a source for isolating various triterpenoid acids. These different preparation methods highlight the diverse medicinal and chemical applications of the species.
Parts used
Sandoricum koetjape serves as a significant botanical source for the discovery of potent anticancer agents. Researchers have successfully isolated several bioactive triterpenes, such as koetjapic acid, directly from the plant's stem. These chemical compounds are extracted through specialized processes to identify their specific cytotoxic properties. Studies have demonstrated that certain extracts from the stem exhibit significant inhibitory activity against various cultured human cancer cells. Ultimately, the chemical profile of the Sandoricum koetjape stem highlights its potential value in pharmacological development.