Sambucus pendula
Sambucus pendula · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (0 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Sambucus pendula is a notable botanical species that has garnered scientific interest due to its diverse bioactive potential. Recent investigations have focused specifically on the aqueous extract derived from its leaves to evaluate its pharmacological properties. Research indicates that this extract plays a significant role in modulating key inflammatory pathways, including Cyclooxygenase 2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. Furthermore, the plant demonstrates a capacity to influence macrophage activation and enhance the process of phagocytosis. These findings suggest that Sambucus pendula may serve as a valuable source for developing natural immunomodulatory agents.
- Synonyms
- Sambucus Sieboldiana Var. Pendula · Sambucus Racemosa Var. Pendula · 1 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Viburnaceae
- Distribution
- Southern America
- Plant Parts
- Leaf
Classification
Common Names
Sambucus pendula is a distinctive plant widely recognized by several different names across various regions. In English-speaking contexts, it is most frequently referred to by its common name, the weeping elder. Within Chinese botanical terminology, the species is known as 垂枝接骨木. It also holds the specific designation of 鬱陵島接骨木 in certain cultural or regional classifications. Understanding these various names helps enthusiasts identify this unique shrub regardless of the linguistic context.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Sambucus pendula is a botanical subject that is frequently identified by several different scientific names. In many taxonomic records, it is recognized by the synonym Sambucus racemosa subsp. pendula. This plant is also commonly referred to as Sambucus racemosa var. pendula in various horticultural contexts. Furthermore, the name Sambucus sieboldiana var. pendula serves as another valid synonym for this specific variety. Navigating these shifting nomenclatures is essential for researchers aiming to accurately classify the species.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Sambucus pendula is a distinctive species belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Within this vast biological kingdom, the plant is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It further belongs to the order Dipsacales, which helps define its evolutionary lineage. As a member of the genus Sambucus, it shares close ties with other well-known elderberry varieties. Finally, this specific plant is categorized within the family Viburnaceae, completing its scientific profile.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Dipsacales |
| Family | Viburnaceae |
| Genus | Sambucus |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Sambucus pendula is a distinctive species primarily recognized for its specific geographical range across the Asia-temperate zone. Within this vast region, the plant finds its most consistent habitats throughout Eastern Asia. Its presence is particularly noted in the diverse landscapes of Korea, where it integrates into the local ecosystem. Understanding these distributional patterns is essential for botanists studying the environmental preferences of the genus. Consequently, this species serves as an important indicator of the temperate climates found within these specific Asian territories.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Biological Activities
Compounds
Conditions
Sambucus pendula, specifically through its aqueous leaf extract, serves to increase the production of several key immunostimulatory factors. This plant extract effectively elevates levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it promotes the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase within RAW264.7 cells. These biological processes are driven by the plant's ability to induce macrophage activation. Ultimately, these combined effects demonstrate the potential of Sambucus pendula as a natural material for immune enhancement.
Preparations
Sambucus pendula, specifically the subspecies Sambucus racemosa subsp. pendula, is prepared as an aqueous extract to explore its pharmacological properties. Researchers utilized 100% distilled water at 20˚C to create an aqueous extract from the leaves of this endemic Korean plant. This specific preparation, known as AE20-SRPL, was found to induce the highest level of nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells. The study demonstrates that this aqueous extract functions as a natural immunostimulant by increasing the production of various immunostimulatory factors. Ultimately, the aqueous extract of Sambucus pendula enhances macrophage activation through TLR4-dependent JNK activation.
Parts used
Sambucus pendula, specifically the subspecies Sambucus racemosa subsp. pendula, offers significant pharmacological potential through its leaves. Research indicates that an aqueous extract derived from these leaves can act as a potent natural immunostimulant. When applied to RAW264.7 cells, the extract effectively increases the production of essential immunostimulatory factors like nitric oxide and various cytokines. This immune-enhancing effect appears to function through a specific biological pathway involving TLR4-dependent activation of JNK in macrophages. Consequently, these leaf extracts represent a promising natural material for enhancing immune responses in future medicinal applications.