sage
Salvia · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Sparse (71 studies) · ★★☆☆☆
Sage, scientifically known as Salvia, is a versatile genus of flowering plants prized for centuries in traditional medicine. Renowned for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is frequently used to support cognitive function, soothe sore throats, and enhance digestive health, making it a staple in holistic wellness.
Names
Common Names
- sage
- rosemary
- Sages
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- salvias o mirtos
German:
- Salbei
- Salbei
French:
- sauge
- Sauges
- Sauge
Scientific Names
Accepted name
SalviaSynonyms
- Audibertiella
- Lesemia
- Crolocos
- Lasemia
- Plethiosphace
- Pleudia
- Terepis
- Epiadena
- Stiefia
- Enipea
- Stenarrhena
- Sobiso
- Schraderia
- Zhumeria
- Piaradena
- Perovskia
- Rosmarinus
- Ormiastis
- Ormilis
- Larnastyra
- Leonura
- Oboskon
- Kiosmina
- Elelis
- Gallitrichum
- Glutinaria
- Hemisphace
- Hematodes
- Melligo
- Euriples
- Melinum
- Flipanta
- Fenixanthes
- Drymosphace
- Dorystaechas
- Codanthera
- Calosphace
- Covola
- Aethiopis
- Belospis
- Arischrada
- Ramona
- Megyathus
- Aethyopys
- Aitopsis
- Meriandra
- Sclarea
- Pycnosphace
- Sphacopsis
- Polakia
- Rhodormis
- Rhodochlamys
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. It is further organized into the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Lamiales, falling under the family Lamiaceae. Finally, its specific taxonomic designation is within the genus Salvia.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Lamiales | WCVP |
| Family | Lamiaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Salvia | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a specific geographical distribution across several northern European territories. It can be found growing within the borders of Denmark. Additionally, its presence extends to the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. Moving further north, the species is also distributed throughout Norway. Finally, the range of this medicinal plant includes the country of Sweden.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Ireland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Norway | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Sweden | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Czechia-Slovakia | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Hungary | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, belonging to the genus Salvia, utilizes various components to deliver its therapeutic properties. The aerial parts, which include the leaves and flowers, are the most commonly harvested sections and serve as the primary source of bioactive compounds. Within these structures, the plant synthesizes concentrated essential oils that provide its characteristic aroma and potent antimicrobial effects. Additionally, while less frequently used than the foliage, the root can also contain specific chemical constituents that contribute to the plant's overall medicinal profile.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| root | Pharmacognosy magazine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Salvia has 29 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include carnosol, Apigenin 7-O-glucoside, Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, Carnosic acid, Hispidulin 7-O-glucoside.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| carnosol | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Apigenin 7-O-glucoside | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Carnosic acid | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hispidulin 7-O-glucoside | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hispidulin-7-O-glucuronide | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| rosmarinic acid | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 12,16-Epoxycarnosol | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 16-Hydroxyrosmanol | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 16-hydroxycarnosol | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
carnosol
- Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
- Journal of natural products
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside
- Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide
- Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
Carnosic acid
- Phytochemistry
- Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
Hispidulin 7-O-glucoside
- Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
Hispidulin-7-O-glucuronide
- Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
rosmarinic acid
- Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
12,16-Epoxycarnosol
- Journal of natural products
16-Hydroxyrosmanol
- Journal of natural products
16-hydroxycarnosol
- Journal of natural products
Activities
Salvia has 8 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Antigiardial, Antimutagenic.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | Journal of traditional and complementary medicine (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antidiabetic | Pharmacognosy magazine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antifungal | Journal of traditional and complementary medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antigiardial | Veterinary parasitology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antimutagenic | Journal of traditional and complementary medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antineoplastic | Journal of traditional and complementary medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiprotozoal | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Neuroprotective | BMC complementary medicine and therapies (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Salvia has 20 reported medicinal uses identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, attention, bronchitis.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| inflammation | Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Alzheimer's disease | Drugs in R&D (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| anxiety | Phytochemical analysis : PCA (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| attention | Drugs in R&D (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| bronchitis | Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cancer | Current drug targets (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| dementia | Drugs in R&D (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| depression | Phytochemical analysis : PCA (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| dermatitis | Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| enzymes | Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| extracts | CNS & neurological disorders drug targets (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Compound Salvia injection | Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Essential oils | Current medicinal chemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Salvia dye | Scientific reports (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| plant extracts | Phytochemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| salvia injection | Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |