Salvia rosmarinus
Rosmarinus officinalis
Salvia rosmarinus, commonly known as rosemary, is a fragrant, woody perennial herb cherished for its aromatic leaves. Widely used in culinary traditions, it also holds significant medicinal value. Renowned for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, this versatile plant supports cognitive function, digestion, and overall wellness through various therapeutic applications.
- Scientific name: Salvia rosmarinus
- Family: Lamiaceae
- Native range: Europe
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Lamiales and family Lamiaceae, it is specifically classified under the genus Salvia.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Lamiales | WCVP |
| Family | Lamiaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Salvia | WCVP |
Common Names
This plant, known scientifically as Salvia rosmarinus, is recognized by various common names depending on the language. In Dutch, it is referred to as rozemarijn, while in French, it is known as Romarin. Moving to Eastern Europe, the plant is called Обикновен розмарин in Bulgarian, розмарın лекарственный in Russian, and розмарın in Ukrainian.| Language | Common Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| nl | rozemarijn | Wikidata |
| fr | Romarin | Wikidata |
| bg | Обикновен розмарин | Wikidata |
| ru | Розмарин лекарственный | Wikidata |
| uk | розмарин | Wikidata |
| ga | marós | Wikidata |
| ro | Rozmarin | Wikidata |
| pt | Alecrim | Wikidata |
| pl | Rozmaryn lekarski | Wikidata |
| vi | Hương thảo | Wikidata |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a diverse geographical distribution across several regions of Europe. In Northern Europe, its presence can be identified in both Great Britain and Ireland. Moving toward Middle Europe, the species is also found within the borders of Germany. Its range extends into Southwestern Europe, specifically inhabiting the Baleares islands. Finally, the plant is documented to grow in the Mediterranean territory of Corse.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Ireland | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
| Southwestern Europe | Baleares | WCVP |
| Southwestern Europe | Corse | WCVP |
| Southwestern Europe | France | WCVP |
| Southwestern Europe | Portugal | WCVP |
| Southwestern Europe | Sardegna | WCVP |
| Southwestern Europe | Spain | WCVP |
| Southeastern Europe | Albania | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Salvia rosmarinus, is highly valued in herbal medicine primarily for its aromatic aerial parts. The most significant component for therapeutic use is the leaf, as the dense, needle-like leaves contain a high concentration of bioactive compounds. When processed, these parts yield potent essential oils that are used for their stimulating and antiseptic properties. The extraction of this essential oil allows for a concentrated application of the plant's medicinal benefits, making the entire upper structure of the herb a vital resource in aromatherapy and traditional healing.- Total parts
- 31
- Scientific sources
- 42
| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| leaves | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| leaf | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| essential oil | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| aerial parts | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Essential oils | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| needle-like leaves | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| young sprouts | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| whole herb | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| white flowers | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| volatile oil | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Salvia rosmarinus has 28 reported phytochemicals identified across 33 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include rosmarinic acid, camphor, carnosic acid, 1,8 cineole, 1,8-cineole.
- Total chemicals
- 28
- Scientific sources
- 33
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| rosmarinic acid | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| camphor | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| carnosic acid | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,8 cineole | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,8-cineole | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 5-fluorouracil | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| BAX | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Bcl2 | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cd | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Fe | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Salvia rosmarinus has 48 reported activities identified across 134 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Neuroprotective, Anticancer.
- Total activities
- 48
- Scientific sources
- 134
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | 21 | ★★★★★ |
| Antimicrobial | 12 | ★★★★★ |
| Antibacterial | 10 | ★★★★★ |
| Neuroprotective | 10 | ★★★★★ |
| Anticancer | 7 | ★★★★☆ |
| Antifungal | 6 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Hepatoprotective | 5 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Analgesic | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antinociceptive | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antitumor | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Salvia rosmarinus has 19 reported medicinal uses identified across 19 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Acne vulgaris, COVID-19, Histomoniasis, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei.
- Total uses
- 19
- Scientific sources
- 19
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Acne vulgaris | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| COVID-19 | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Histomoniasis | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Shigella flexneri | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Shigella sonnei | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Toxoplasma gondii infection | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| analgesic | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antihypertensive | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| atrophy | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |