Kurdish Basil

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Kurdish Basil

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Arischrada multicaulis
• Schraderia acetabulosa
• Salvia bodeana
• Stiefia multicaulis
• Salvia szovitsiana
• Salvia rascheyana
• Salvia pinardii

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. It is further classified under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Lamiales. Ultimately, it is a member of the family Lamiaceae and is identified by the genus Salvia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific geographical distribution concentrated throughout the Western Asian region. It can be found growing within the borders of Iran, spanning across various local habitats. The species is also documented to inhabit parts of Iraq, extending its presence into the Levant. Furthermore, its range includes the territories of Lebanon-Syria and Palestine. Finally, the distribution reaches into the Sinai Peninsula, completing its regional footprint.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Salvia multicaudis is characterized by its specialized adaptation to rugged, well-drained environments, specifically thriving in stony places. These rocky substrates provide the necessary drainage and mineral composition required for its growth, often positioning the species in niches where competition from more aggressive, moisture-dependent vegetation is minimal. By occupying these lithic habitats, the plant manages to withstand specific microclimatic conditions associated with exposed, stony terrain, which typically involves rapid water runoff and varying degrees of solar exposure.

Habitat :

stony places

Life history

The life history of Salvia multicauis is characterized by its classification as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. In terms of its structural growth habit and survival strategy, it is identified as a chamaephyte, a life form where the permanent shoots are located close to the soil surface, often protected by leaf litter or the substrate itself. This chamaephyte designation is consistent across its life form classification, indicating a low-growing stature that enables it to withstand various environmental pressures while maintaining its perennial lifecycle.

Life form :

chamaephyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Salvia multicaudis is characterized by a woody, subshrub growth form that functions as a self-supporting plant. It typically exhibits a stature ranging from a minimum height of 0.15 m to a maximum height of 0.35 m. As an independent organism, it does not function as a parasite or an epiphyte, maintaining a terrestrial habitat rather than an aquatic or semiaquatic one.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

shrub

Growth form :

subshrub

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

0.35 m

Plant height min:

0.15 m

Woodiness :

woody

Reproduction

The reproduction of Salvia multicaudis is characterized by a specific seasonal flowering window and highly consistent seed production metrics. The plant enters its flowering phase in June and continues through July, marking a relatively concentrated reproductive period within the summer months. During this cycle, the production of seeds is remarkably uniform, as evidenced by the seed mass data, which shows no variance between the minimum, maximum, and mean values. Each seed possesses a consistent mass of 0.0143 g, ensuring a standardized dispersal unit for the species.

Flowering time :

Jun

Flowering time :

Jul

Seed mass mean:

0.0143 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Salvia multicaulis has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root.

Root

1. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Salvia multicaulis has 22 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, 1-Oxoferruginol, 18-Oxoferruginol, CATECHIN, CHLOROGENIC ACID.

Flavonoids

1. Natural product research
2. BMC plant biology

1-Oxoferruginol

1. Journal of natural products

18-Oxoferruginol

1. Journal of natural products

CATECHIN

1. Natural product research

CHLOROGENIC ACID

1. Natural product research

Hinokione

1. Journal of natural products

Horminone

1. Journal of natural products

Lupeol

1. Journal of natural products

Manool

1. Journal of natural products

OLEANOLIC ACID

1. BMC plant biology

Activities

Salvia multicaulis has 3 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic.

Antimicrobial

1. Natural product research

Antioxidant

1. Natural product research

Cytotoxic

1. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Medicinal Uses

Salvia multicaulis has 11 reported medicinal uses identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Alzheimer's disease, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, atherosclerosis.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations