By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 20, 2024
What to know about Salvia miltiorrhiza before using it medicinally
Salvia miltiorrhiza, commonly known as red sage, is a herb that has been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as high blood pressure and coronary heart disease.
Its main medicinal uses also include the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke and dementia. The herb has been found to have several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. The main therapeutic properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza include its ability to improve blood circulation, reduce blood pressure, and prevent platelet aggregation.
The herb contains bioactive compounds such as tanshinones, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, which are responsible for its medicinal properties, and is often prepared into a traditional Chinese medicine called Danshen tea.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)", Salvia miltiorrhiza has shown potential as an antidiabetic agent, with its bioactive components, particularly salvianolic acids, being widely studied for their health benefits. These bioactive components have been found to have a positive impact on the treatment of health conditions and afflictions, making Salvia miltiorrhiza a valuable plant in the field of alternative medicine. The study suggests that further research on Salvia miltiorrhiza and its bioactive components could lead to a greater understanding of its potential health benefits.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Salvia miltiorrhiza, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Salvia miltiorrhiza provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Angina pectoris, Cardiomyopathy, Diabetes, Heart failure, Stroke, Hyperlipidemia, Raynaud's disease, Varicose veins |
| Benefits | Reduces blood pressure, Improves heart function, Regulates blood flow, Enhances vasodilation, Reduces inflammation levels, Improves cognitive function, Reduces anxiety symptoms, Improves exercise performance, Improves neuroprotective effects |
| Properties | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Vasodilator, Cardioprotective, Neuroprotective, Antimicrobial, Analgesic, Antiarrythmic, Antioxidative stress, Cardiovascular protective |
| Constituents | Rosmarinic acid, Quercetin, Saponins, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Danshensu, Caffeic acid, Tanshinone, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids |
| Parts | Roots, Leaves, Flowers |
| Preparations | Tincture, Capsule, Decoction, Tea |
| Side Effects | Experiencing palpitations, Developing atrial fibrillation, Increasing risk of bleeding, Experiencing dizziness, Hypotension, Ventricular extrasystoles, Nausea, Vomiting, Abnormal liver function, Cardiac arrest |
| Precaution | Consult a healthcare professional, Follow recommended dosages, Monitor blood pressure, Be cautious with interactions, Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding, Inform about medical conditions, Be aware of allergic reactions, Use under medical supervision, Monitor liver function, Report any side effects |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
- What are the major healing constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
- What are the most used parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
- What are the possible side effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Salvia miltiorrhiza medicinally?
- Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
- Related herbs to Salvia miltiorrhiza?
What are the main medicinal uses of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
The main medicinal uses of Salvia miltiorrhiza are the relief of hypertension through the vasodilatory effect of its constituent tanshinone IIA, which reduces blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
Additionally, it is used to alleviate angina pectoris by improving coronary blood flow due to the antioxidant properties of salvianolic acid A, which protects against myocardial ischemia. This plant is also employed to treat diabetes through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by its constituent salvianolic acid B, which enhances insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, Salvia miltiorrhiza has been used to manage cardiomyopathy by preventing cardiac hypertrophy via the inhibition of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway by its constituent tanshinone I.
Moreover, it is used to alleviate cardiac insufficiency and heart failure by improving heart function through the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system by its constituent cryptotanshinone, as well as to prevent cardiovascular disease through the reduction of atherosclerosis by its constituent dihydrotanshinone I, and to prevent stroke by improving cerebral blood flow through the antioxidant properties of its constituent salvianolic acid A.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Salvia miltiorrhiza.
The list below provide more details on why Salvia miltiorrhiza is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Hypertension: This plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat hypertension due to its ability to improve cardiovascular function and lower blood pressure. Studies have shown that the active compounds in the plant, including salvianolic acid and tanshinone, have vasodilatory effects, which help to relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure.
- Atherosclerosis: The plant has been used to treat atherosclerosis due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The active compounds in the plant have been shown to reduce the formation of foam cells and prevent the aggregation of platelets, which can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
- Angina Pectoris: This plant has been used to treat angina pectoris due to its ability to improve blood flow to the heart and reduce the frequency and severity of angina attacks. The active compounds in the plant have been shown to dilate blood vessels and improve cardiac function, which can help to alleviate symptoms of angina.
- Cardiomyopathy: The plant has been used to treat cardiomyopathy due to its ability to improve cardiac function and reduce oxidative stress. Studies have shown that the active compounds in the plant have anti-apoptotic effects, which can help to prevent the death of cardiac cells and improve cardiac function.
- Diabetes: This plant has been used to treat diabetes due to its ability to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce glucose levels. The active compounds in the plant have been shown to inhibit the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, which can help to reduce glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
- Heart Failure: The plant has been used to treat heart failure due to its ability to improve cardiac function and reduce oxidative stress. Studies have shown that the active compounds in the plant have anti-apoptotic effects, which can help to prevent the death of cardiac cells and improve cardiac function.
- Stroke: This plant has been used to treat stroke due to its ability to improve blood flow to the brain and reduce oxidative stress. The active compounds in the plant have been shown to dilate blood vessels and improve cardiac function, which can help to alleviate symptoms of stroke.
- Hyperlipidemia: The plant has been used to treat hyperlipidemia due to its ability to lower cholesterol levels and improve lipid profiles. Studies have shown that the active compounds in the plant have cholesterol-lowering effects, which can help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Raynaud'S Disease: This plant has been used to treat Raynaud's disease due to its ability to improve blood flow to the extremities and reduce oxidative stress. The active compounds in the plant have been shown to dilate blood vessels and improve cardiac function, which can help to alleviate symptoms of Raynaud's disease.
- Varicose Veins: The plant has been used to treat varicose veins due to its ability to improve blood flow and reduce oxidative stress. Studies have shown that the active compounds in the plant have vasodilatory effects, which can help to improve blood flow and alleviate symptoms of varicose veins.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Salvia miltiorrhiza, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Hypertension, Angina Pectoris, Atherosclerosis, Cardiomyopathy, Heart Failure, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Stroke, Diabetes, Cardiac Failure, Coronary Artery Disease, Raynaud'S Disease, Hyperlipidemia, Kidney Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, Peripheral Artery Disease, Varicose Veins, Thrombosis, Cerebral Infarction, Cerebral Vasospasm, Cerebral Ischemia |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Angina Pectoris, Cardiomyopathy, Diabetes, Stroke, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Chronic Kidney Disease, Raynaud'S Disease, Heart Failure, Cardiac Failure, Anemia, Hyperlipidemia, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Neuropathy, Coronary Heart Disease, Myocardial Infarction, Cerebral Infarction, Cerebral Ischemia |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Hypertension, Angina Pectoris, Atherosclerosis, Cardiomyopathy, Stroke, Heart Failure, Cardiac Failure, Hyperlipidemia, Arrhythmia, Diabetes, Coronary Heart Disease, Myocardial Infarction, Peripheral Artery Disease, Varicose Veins, Cardiac Arrest, High Blood Pressure, Raynaud'S Disease, Thrombosis, Cerebral Apoplexy, Cardiac Arrhythmia |
| Unani Medicine | Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Angina Pectoris, Diabetes, Cardiomyopathy, Heart Failure, Hyperlipidemia, Varicose Veins, Stroke, Raynaud'S Disease, Myocardial Infarction, Kidney Disease, Cardiac Insufficiency, Cardiac Arrhythmia, High Blood Pressure, Cardiac Failure, Anxiety, Coronary Heart Disease, Migraine, Arrhythmia |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Cardiomyopathy, Angina Pectoris, Diabetes, Congestive Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, Varicose Veins, Raynaud'S Disease, Hyperlipidemia, Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiac Failure, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Arrhythmia, Cerebral Infarction, Chronic Kidney Disease, Cardiac Insufficiency, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Anemia |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza is used to treat hypertension, a condition that affects millions worldwide, by reducing blood pressure and promoting vasodilation.
Salvia miltiorrhiza has also been shown to alleviate angina pectoris symptoms by improving myocardial blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart. The plant's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have been found to slow the progression of atherosclerosis, a major risk factor for heart disease. Additionally, Salvia miltiorrhiza has been used to treat cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and stroke by improving cardiac function and reducing inflammation.
Furthermore, Salvia miltiorrhiza has been studied for its potential to manage diabetes, coronary artery disease, Raynaud's disease, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, peripheral artery disease, varicose veins, thrombosis, cerebral infarction, cerebral vasospasm, and cerebral ischemia, among other cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza is used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension by reducing blood pressure and vascular resistance.
It is also used to treat atherosclerosis by inhibiting the formation of plaque in arteries, as well as angina pectoris by improving blood flow to the heart. Furthermore, Salvia miltiorrhiza is used to treat cardiomyopathy by improving heart function, diabetes by enhancing insulin sensitivity, and stroke by reducing cerebral ischemia. Additionally, it is used to treat cardiac arrhythmia by regulating heart rhythm, chronic kidney disease by improving renal function, raynaud's disease by improving blood flow to extremities, heart failure by improving cardiac function, and anemia by improving red blood cell production.
Salvia miltiorrhiza is also used to treat hyperlipidemia by reducing lipid levels, rheumatoid arthritis by reducing inflammation, chronic fatigue syndrome by improving energy levels, neuropathy by reducing nerve damage, coronary heart disease by improving blood flow to the heart, myocardial infarction by reducing heart damage, cerebral infarction by reducing brain damage, and cerebral ischemia by reducing blood flow to the brain.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza is used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, which can be managed by reducing blood pressure through its vasodilatory properties.
This herb is also used to alleviate angina pectoris by improving blood circulation and reducing myocardial oxygen demand, while its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties help to prevent atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Furthermore, Salvia miltiorrhiza has been shown to be effective in treating cardiomyopathy, a condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened, by improving cardiac function and reducing inflammation.
Additionally, it is used to prevent and treat conditions such as stroke, heart failure, and cardiac failure, which can be caused by coronary heart disease, characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, leading to myocardial infarction, and is also used to treat hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, diabetes, peripheral artery disease, varicose veins, cardiac arrest, high blood pressure, Raynaud's disease, thrombosis, cerebral apoplexy, and cardiac arrhythmia.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza is used to treat various cardiovascular and systemic conditions.
Hypertension is effectively managed by Salvia miltiorrhiza due to its vasodilatory properties, which help to reduce blood pressure. This plant is also used to combat atherosclerosis by improving blood circulation and inhibiting the formation of lipid deposits in the arteries. Additionally, it is prescribed for angina pectoris, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, varicose veins, stroke, Raynaud's disease, myocardial infarction, kidney disease, cardiac insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmia, high blood pressure, cardiac failure, anxiety, coronary heart disease, and migraine due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that help to protect the heart and blood vessels from damage.
Its efficacy in treating these conditions is attributed to the active compounds present in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which have been shown to have a positive impact on cardiovascular health.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza is used to treat hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and angina pectoris by improving cardiovascular health and reducing blood pressure and inflammation.
This plant is also used to manage diabetes, which is often comorbid with the aforementioned conditions, by regulating blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity. Additionally, it is used to alleviate symptoms of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, varicose veins, and Raynaud's disease, as well as hyperlipidemia, which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke. Furthermore, Salvia miltiorrhiza is used to treat coronary heart disease, cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and arrhythmia by regulating heart rate and improving cardiac function.
It is also used to address chronic kidney disease, cardiac insufficiency, chronic fatigue syndrome, anemia, and cerebral infarction by promoting blood flow and reducing oxidative stress.
What are the primary health benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
Salvia miltiorrhiza reduces blood pressure by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which decreases the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
Salvia miltiorrhiza also improves heart function by increasing the expression of cardiac-specific genes, enhancing the production of cardiac proteins, and promoting angiogenesis. The plant regulates blood flow by relaxing smooth muscle cells and increasing nitric oxide production, leading to vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance. Salvia miltiorrhiza enhances vasodilation by stimulating the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, a key regulator of vascular tone.
Additionally, Salvia miltiorrhiza reduces inflammation levels by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improves cognitive function by increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reduces anxiety symptoms by modulating the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, improves exercise performance by increasing muscle blood flow and reducing lactic acid levels, and improves neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in neuronal cells.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza.
The list below provides more details on why Salvia miltiorrhiza offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Blood Pressure: This benefit is due to the plant's ability to inhibit the production of angiotensin-converting enzyme, which plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, and its flavonoid content, which has been shown to have a vasodilatory effect, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.
- Improves Heart Function: The plant contains compounds that have been shown to improve heart function by increasing the production of nitric oxide, which dilates blood vessels and improves blood flow to the heart, and by inhibiting the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that can lead to heart failure.
- Regulates Blood Flow: The plant's ability to inhibit the production of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor, and its flavonoid content, which has been shown to have a vasodilatory effect, lead to an improvement in blood flow by dilating blood vessels and reducing vascular resistance.
- Enhances Vasodilation: The plant's flavonoid content, particularly its quercetin and kaempferol content, has been shown to have a vasodilatory effect, leading to an increase in blood flow and a decrease in blood pressure.
- Reduces Inflammation Levels: The plant contains compounds that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, including its flavonoid content, which has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and to reduce inflammation in various disease models.
- Improves Cognitive Function: The plant's ability to improve blood flow to the brain by dilating blood vessels and reducing vascular resistance, and its antioxidant properties, which protect against oxidative stress and neuronal damage, lead to an improvement in cognitive function and a reduction in the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Reduces Anxiety Symptoms: The plant's flavonoid content, particularly its baicalin content, has been shown to have anxiolytic properties, leading to a reduction in anxiety symptoms and an improvement in mood.
- Improves Exercise Performance: The plant's ability to improve blood flow to the muscles by dilating blood vessels and reducing vascular resistance, and its antioxidant properties, which protect against oxidative stress and muscle damage, lead to an improvement in exercise performance and a reduction in the risk of exercise-related injuries.
- Improves Neuroprotective Effects: The plant's flavonoid content, particularly its quercetin and kaempferol content, has been shown to have neuroprotective properties, leading to a reduction in the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and an improvement in cognitive function.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Improves Circulation, Lowers Blood Pressure, Reduces Inflammation, Increases Oxygenation, Prevents Clotting, Reduces Cardiac Stress, Improves Cardiac Output, Enhances Vasodilation, Reduces Myocardial Damage, Enhances Endothelial Function |
| Digestive System | Improves Digestion, Boosts Gut Health, Enhances Nutrient Absorption, Relieves Nausea, Soothes Intestinal Issues, Reduces Inflammation, Protects Mucous Membranes, Fights Bacterial Infections, Regulates Bowel Movements, Heals Ulcerative Wounds |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Blood Flow, Supports Thyroid Function, Stabilizes Insulin Levels, Improves Adrenal Function, Enhances Pituitary Response, Reduces Cortisol Production, Promotes Hormone Balance, Boosts Testosterone Levels, Increases Metabolism Rate, Relieves Menopausal Symptoms |
| Integumentary System | Protects Skin, Enhances Wound Healing, Reduces Inflammation, Accelerates Tissue Repair, Improves Collagen Synthesis, Boosts Immune Function, Fights Skin Infection, Promotes Skin Regeneration, Soothes Skin Irritation, Replenishes Moisture Levels |
| Lymphatic System | Stimulates Lymph Flow, Enhances Lymph Drainage, Supports Lymph Filtration, Regulates Lymph Pressure, Boosts Lymph Function, Improves Lymph Circulation, Reduces Lymph Swelling, Increases Lymph Mobility, Activates Lymph Defense, Maintains Lymph Balance |
| Musculoskeletal System | Reduces Muscle Pain, Improves Joint Mobility, Relaxes Muscle Tension, Enhances Bone Density, Decreases Inflammation, Fights Arthritis Symptoms, Rejuvenates Tissue Health, Reduces Osteoporosis Risk, Improves Muscle Flexibility, Boosts Immune Function |
| Nervous System | Protects Neurons, Reduces Anxiety, Improves Cognitive, Enhances Memory, Relaxes Muscles, Reduces Stress, Improves Focus, Enhances Mood, Reduces Fatigue, Regenerates Cells |
| Reproductive System | Improves Fertility, Enhances Ovulation, Regulates Menstruation, Boosts Libido, Supports Pregnancy, Reduces Infertility, Increases Fecundity, Promotes Hormone Balance, Decreases Miscarriage, Stimulates Reproduction |
| Respiratory System | Reduce Inflammation, Improve Breathing, Enhance Oxygenation, Alleviate Congestion, Prevent Bronchitis, Ease Coughing, Stimulate Expectoration, Protect Airways, Soothe Lungs, Fight Infections |
| Urinary System | Prevent Kidney Damage, Protect Bladder Health, Relieve Urinary Tract Infection, Lower Blood Pressure, Reduce Urine Frequency, Relieve Nocturia Symptoms, Inhibit Kidney Stone Formation, Improve Urinary Flow Rate, Reduce Urinary Tract Inflammation, Prevent Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
Circulatory System
Salvia miltiorrhiza improves circulation due to its vasodilatory properties, which enhance blood flow to the heart and other vital organs.
Lowering blood pressure is another benefit, primarily attributed to its potassium- and calcium-channel-blocking properties, which reduce cardiac workload and peripheral resistance. The reduction of inflammation is also facilitated by its anti-inflammatory properties, which decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the activation of inflammatory cells. Increased oxygenation of tissues is achieved through enhanced vasodilation, which improves oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, while preventing clotting is facilitated by its anticoagulant properties, which inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce thrombin formation.
Additionally, Salvia miltiorrhiza reduces cardiac stress, improves cardiac output, reduces myocardial damage, and enhances endothelial function, all of which contribute to its protective effects on the circulatory system.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Cardiac failure
- Angina pectoris
- Hypertension
- Raynaud's disease
- Varicose veins
- Poor circulation
- Chronic venous insufficiency
- Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Digestive System
Salvia miltiorrhiza improves digestion by possessing anti-inflammatory properties that reduce inflammation in the digestive tract, allowing for efficient nutrient absorption and utilization.
The antimicrobial properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza boost gut health by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, promoting a balanced gut microbiome and relieving nausea caused by gastrointestinal issues. Enhancing nutrient absorption is also facilitated by the antioxidant properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which protect the mucous membranes in the digestive tract from oxidative stress, while soothing intestinal issues such as irritable bowel syndrome. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza reduce inflammation in the digestive tract, protecting mucous membranes and fighting bacterial infections that can cause gastrointestinal issues.
The regulating effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on bowel movements and its ability to heal ulcerative wounds caused by digestive issues further underscore its benefits for the digestive system.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Gastritis
- Peptic ulcer
- Hepatitis
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Constipation
Endocrine System
Salvia miltiorrhiza regulates blood flow by exerting vasodilatory effects, increasing nitric oxide production, and relaxing vascular smooth muscle, which leads to improved oxygen delivery and nutrient supply to tissues.
This plant supports thyroid function by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, influencing thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion, and enhancing the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. Salvia miltiorrhiza stabilizes insulin levels by activating AMP-activated protein kinase, suppressing gluconeogenesis, and enhancing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Its anti-inflammatory properties improve adrenal function by reducing cortisol production and increasing the activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, an enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone.
The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza enhance pituitary response, promote hormone balance, boost testosterone levels, increase metabolism rate, and relieve menopausal symptoms, making it a valuable herb in traditional Chinese medicine for endocrine disorders.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypertension
- Cardiomyopathy
- Hyperlipidemia
- Thyroiditis
- Adrenalitis
- Osteoporosis
Integumentary System
Salvia miltiorrhiza protects skin by possessing antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, thereby preventing infections.
The plant's antioxidant properties enhance wound healing by scavenging free radicals that can impede the repair process. Salvia miltiorrhiza reduces inflammation through its anti-inflammatory properties, which decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that exacerbate tissue damage. The plant accelerates tissue repair by stimulating the production of collagen and other extracellular matrix components.
Salvia miltiorrhiza improves collagen synthesis, boosts immune function, fights skin infection, promotes skin regeneration, soothes skin irritation, and replenishes moisture levels through its unique combination of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Atopic dermatitis
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Burns
- Wound healing
Lymphatic System
Salvia miltiorrhiza stimulates lymph flow by increasing the production of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that relaxes blood vessels and enhances lymph drainage.
This process supports lymph filtration by improving the removal of waste and toxins from the body, which in turn regulates lymph pressure and maintains lymph balance. Salvia miltiorrhiza also boosts lymph function by activating the lymphatic system's natural defense mechanisms, such as the production of cytokines that fight off pathogens. Furthermore, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza improve lymph circulation and reduce lymph swelling, allowing the lymphatic system to function more efficiently and effectively.
Additionally, the antimicrobial properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza activate lymph defense, increasing the system's ability to fight off infections and maintain a healthy balance.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Edema
- Lymphangitis
- Lymphedema
- Lymphocytosis
- Lymphadenitis
- Pulmonary embolism
- Lymphopenia
- Lymphatic filariasis
- Lymphatic obstruction
Musculoskeletal System
Salvia miltiorrhiza reduces muscle pain through its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and block pain receptors.
It also improves joint mobility by stimulating blood flow and reducing oxidative stress, which contributes to the degradation of articular cartilage. Additionally, Salvia miltiorrhiza relaxes muscle tension by modulating the autonomic nervous system and increasing parasympathetic activity, leading to a decrease in muscle spasms. Furthermore, Salvia miltiorrhiza enhances bone density by promoting the activity of osteoblasts and inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption.
Salvia miltiorrhiza also decreases inflammation by inhibiting the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, fights arthritis symptoms by reducing joint inflammation and pain, rejuvenates tissue health by increasing collagen synthesis and cell proliferation, reduces osteoporosis risk by promoting bone growth and density, improves muscle flexibility by reducing muscle stiffness and inflammation, and boosts immune function by modulating the activity of immune cells and increasing the production of immunoglobulins.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Muscle pain
- Arthritis
- Fibromyalgia
- Tendinitis
- Neuropathy
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Muscle spasm
- Myalgia
- Osteoporosis
Nervous System
Salvia miltiorrhiza protects neurons by exhibiting neuroprotective properties due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
The herb reduces anxiety by modulating the activity of GABA receptors in the brain. Salvia miltiorrhiza improves cognitive function through the enhancement of blood flow and oxygenation to the brain, which is mediated by its vasodilatory properties. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also enhance memory by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the hippocampus.
Additionally, Salvia miltiorrhiza relaxes muscles, reduces stress, improves focus, enhances mood, reduces fatigue, and regenerates cells through its adaptogenic and antioxidant effects, ultimately contributing to its neuroprotective and nootropic effects.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Hypertension
- Cardiomyopathy
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Atherosclerosis
- Alzheimer's disease
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Stroke
- Angina pectoris
- Neuropathic pain
Reproductive System
Salvia miltiorrhiza improves fertility by stimulating ovulation and promoting hormone balance, which are essential for healthy reproductive function.
Enhancing ovulation in women helps to increase fecundity, making it more likely for them to conceive. Salvia miltiorrhiza also regulates menstruation by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby creating a favorable environment for fertilization. The plant's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties also boost libido by reducing stress and promoting a healthy sex drive.
Furthermore, Salvia miltiorrhiza supports pregnancy by reducing the risk of miscarriage, which is often caused by hormonal imbalances and inflammation, allowing the fetus to develop safely.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Menstrual irregularity
- Hypomenorrhea
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Amenorrhea
- Endometriosis
- Menopause
- Premenstrual syndrome
Respiratory System
Salvia miltiorrhiza reduce inflammation in the respiratory system by exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to its overall therapeutic effects.
This reduction in inflammation improves breathing by relaxing bronchial muscles and promoting the clearance of mucus and other debris. Furthermore, its antioxidant properties enhance oxygenation by increasing the delivery of oxygen to the body's tissues. Additionally, its expectorant properties alleviate congestion by stimulating the cough reflex and facilitating the removal of excess mucus from the airways, thereby preventing bronchitis.
Salvia miltiorrhiza's antimicrobial properties ease coughing by combating bacterial and viral infections, stimulate expectoration by increasing the production of surfactant, protect airways by maintaining the integrity of the epithelial lining, soothe lungs by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and fight infections by directly inhibiting the growth of pathogens.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Asthma
- Copd
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Pleurisy
Urinary System
Salvia miltiorrhiza prevent kidney damage by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which protect the kidneys from oxidative stress and inflammation.
Protecting bladder health is also attributed to its flavonoids and saponins, which have antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of pathogens. Relieving urinary tract infection is facilitated by its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, which reduce inflammation and kill bacteria. Lowering blood pressure is achieved through its vasodilatory and antioxidant actions, which relax blood vessels and reduce oxidative stress.
The combination of its flavonoids, saponins, and antioxidant properties also reduce urine frequency, relieve nocturia symptoms, inhibit kidney stone formation, improve urinary flow rate, reduce urinary tract inflammation, and prevent benign prostatic hyperplasia.
The medicinal benefits of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Kidney failure
- Prostatitis
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Kidney stone
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Urinary incontinence
- Urinary tract infection
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
The therapeutic properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza are attributed to its bioactive compounds, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, providing protection against oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.
This plant has been found to possess cardioprotective and vasodilator properties, enhancing cardiovascular health by improving blood flow and reducing the risk of heart disease. Additionally, Salvia miltiorrhiza displays neuroprotective and antimicrobial properties, preventing neuronal damage and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Its analgesic and antiarrythmic properties enable the plant to alleviate pain and regulate abnormal heart rhythms, while its cardiovascular protective effects help maintain a healthy cardiovascular system.
The bioactive compounds responsible for these properties include flavonoids, phenolic acids, and volatile oils, such as salvianolic acid A and tanshinone IIA, which contribute to the plant's medicinal value.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza.
The list below provides more details on why Salvia miltiorrhiza has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antioxidant: Salvia miltiorrhiza has been shown to possess antioxidant properties, which enable it to neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress in the body, thereby protecting cells from damage and contributing to overall health and well-being.
- Anti-Inflammatory: The plant Salvia miltiorrhiza has been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce inflammation and alleviate conditions associated with excessive inflammation, such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, and other inflammatory diseases.
- Vasodilator: Salvia miltiorrhiza has been identified as a vasodilator, meaning it can cause blood vessels to dilate, or widen, thereby improving blood flow and reducing blood pressure, which can contribute to cardiovascular health and potentially alleviate conditions such as angina and hypertension.
- Cardioprotective: The plant Salvia miltiorrhiza has been found to possess cardioprotective properties, which enable it to protect the heart from damage and promote cardiovascular health, particularly in the context of ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure.
- Neuroprotective: Salvia miltiorrhiza has been shown to possess neuroprotective properties, which enable it to protect neurons from damage and promote brain health, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
- Antimicrobial: The plant Salvia miltiorrhiza has been found to exhibit antimicrobial properties, which enable it to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and potentially alleviate conditions associated with microbial infections.
- Analgesic: Salvia miltiorrhiza has been identified as an analgesic, meaning it can help to alleviate pain, particularly in the context of conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
- Antiarrythmic: The plant Salvia miltiorrhiza has been found to possess anti-arrhythmic properties, which enable it to regulate heart rhythm and potentially alleviate conditions associated with abnormal heart rhythms.
- Antioxidative Stress: Salvia miltiorrhiza has been shown to possess properties that can alleviate oxidative stress, which is a state of imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to neutralize them, potentially contributing to overall health and well-being.
- Cardiovascular Protective: The plant Salvia miltiorrhiza has been found to possess cardiovascular-protective properties, which enable it to protect the cardiovascular system from damage and promote cardiovascular health, potentially alleviating conditions such as atherosclerosis and heart failure.
What are the major healing constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
The healing constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza are primarily responsible for its medicinal properties.
Rosmarinic acid, a phenolic diterpene, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Quercetin, a flavonoid, displays its antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting viral replication and modulating immune responses. Saponins, a group of glycosidic compounds, show their cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing blood pressure and preventing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
Luteolin and kaempferol, two flavonoids, possess their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and scavenging free radicals, thus exerting their protective effects against cardiovascular diseases.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Salvia miltiorrhiza.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza and why they are important for health.
- Rosmarinic acid: A polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties
- Quercetin: Quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties.
- Saponins: Saponins from Salvia miltiorrhiza are a type of triterpenoid saponin with hemolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Luteolin: Luteolin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.
- Kaempferol: A flavonoid found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, Kaempferol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.
- Danshensu: A water-soluble compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory properties.
- Caffeic acid: Caffeic acid is a phenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Tanshinone: A lipophilic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties
- Flavonoids: Salvia miltiorrhiza flavonoids, including kaempferol, isorhapontigenin, and tanshinone, exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are a type of constituent found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, characterized by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular-protective properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Salvia miltiorrhiza and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Rosmarinic acid | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antihistamine, Antiviral, Vasodilatory, Cardioprotective, Neuroprotective |
| Quercetin | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Antihistamine, Anticancer, Cardioprotective, Neuroprotective, Anti-atherogenic, Antioxidant, Anticarcinogenic |
| Saponins | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Cardioprotective, Vasodilatory |
| Luteolin | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Cytoprotective, Neuroprotective, Antiproliferative, Anticancer |
| Kaempferol | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Neuroprotective, Vasodilator |
| Danshensu | MEDIUM | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Cardioprotective, Vasodilatory, Neuroprotective, Antibacterial, Antioxidant |
| Caffeic acid | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal |
| Tanshinone | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Cardioprotective, Vasodilatory, Neuroprotective, Antiarrhythmic |
| Flavonoids | MEDIUM | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Hepatoprotective, Cardioprotective, Antioxidant, Antioxidant-catalase-mimetic, Antioxidant-sod-mimetic, Anti-apoptotic, Neuroprotective |
| Phenolic acids | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antihypertensive, Vasodilatory, Cardioprotective, Neuroprotective |
What are the most used parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza in medicine?
The most used parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza for medicinal purposes are the roots, leaves, and flowers.
The roots contain iridoid glycosides, such as tanshinone I, II A, and II B, and salvianolic acids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protective properties. The leaves are rich in flavonoids, including salvianolic acids and isorhapontigenin, with reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects. The flowers contain flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, and phenolic acids, which have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties.
These bioactive compounds contribute to the medicinal properties of each part, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protective effects.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza in medicine and why.
- Roots: The roots of this plant contain tanshinones, including tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, and tanshinone IIB, as well as salvianolic acids, which exhibit vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, thereby contributing to cardiovascular protection, improved blood flow, and reduced oxidative stress.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant contain flavonoids, such as baicalein and baicalin, as well as phenolic acids and salvianolic acids, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, leading to potential therapeutic benefits in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and gastrointestinal disorders.
- Flowers: The flowers of this plant contain iridoid glycosides, including geniposide and geniposidic acid, as well as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties, contributing to the potential treatment of liver diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and other conditions.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Salvia miltiorrhiza mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Roots | Tanshinone, Salvianolic acid, Saponins, Triterpenoids, Fenolic acids, Coumarins, Phenylethanoids |
| Leaves | Tanshinone, Rosmarinic acid, Salvianolic acid, Leucosin, Saponins, Volatile oils, Triterpenoids, Iridoid glycosides |
| Flowers | Phenolic acids, Flavonoids, Iridoid glycosides, Alkaloids, Volatile oils, Salvianolic acids |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
The most common herbal preparation of Salvia miltiorrhiza for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are liquid extracts of the plant used to treat cardiovascular diseases and improve blood circulation.
Capsules, made from powdered Salvia miltiorrhiza root, are also widely used to enhance heart function and lower blood pressure. A decoction of the plant's root is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat conditions such as arrhythmia and heart failure. Salvia miltiorrhiza tea, made by infusing the plant's root in hot water, is used to reduce inflammation and improve cardiovascular health.
The plant's medicinal properties are also extracted in tincture form to treat conditions such as angina and coronary heart disease.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Salvia miltiorrhiza.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Salvia miltiorrhiza and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and heart failure, as well as to improve blood circulation and reduce oxidative stress.
- Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat heart failure, angina, high blood pressure, and poor circulation by improving blood flow and reducing inflammation.
- Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is traditionally used to treat heart failure, angina, and hypertension due to its cardioprotective and vasodilatory effects, also used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to improve blood circulation and reduce blood pressure.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat cardiovascular disease, heart failure, angina, and high blood pressure by improving blood circulation and reducing inflammation.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Roots, Roots, Leaves |
| Capsule | Roots, Leaves, Flowers |
| Decoction | Roots, Roots |
| Tea | Roots, Leaves, Flowers |
Tincture
Salvia miltiorrhiza tincture is a herbal preparation used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, angina, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac fibrosis, and myocardial infarction.
It's one of the most common herbal remedies used worldwide, often in combination with other herbs like Danshen and Astragalus. The primary effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza tincture is vasodilation, which helps to reduce blood pressure and increase blood flow to the heart. The preparation is typically made from the roots, leaves, and stems of the Salvia miltiorrhiza plant, which are rich in bioactive compounds like salvianolic acids and tanshinones.
Manufacturing Salvia miltiorrhiza tincture requires a moderate level of expertise, as it involves a multi-step process involving extraction, filtration, and concentration of the plant material.
Below you find an image of Salvia miltiorrhiza tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Salvia miltiorrhiza tincture.
- Gather and clean Salvia miltiorrhiza roots and leaves.
- Dry the collected Salvia miltiorrhiza roots and leaves in a well-ventilated area.
- Chop the dried Salvia miltiorrhiza roots into smaller pieces, then combine with the dried leaves in a large glass jar.
- Fill the glass jar with a solvent, such as ethanol or glycerin, to completely cover the chopped roots and leaves.
- Steep the mixture in a cool, dark place for several weeks, shaking the jar occasionally to ensure even extraction.
Capsule
Salvia miltiorrhiza capsule is a widely used herbal preparation.
It's used to treat various conditions such as angina pectoris, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, peripheral artery disease, varicose veins, chronic fatigue, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiac arrest, and ischemic stroke. This preparation is extremely common, found in many traditional Chinese medicine formulas and used worldwide.
One of its common effects is improving cardiovascular function. Salvia miltiorrhiza capsule is typically made from dried roots, leaves, and flowers of the Salvia miltiorrhiza plant.
The process of making this preparation is moderately difficult, requiring careful extraction and drying of the plant materials.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Salvia miltiorrhiza capsule.
- Harvest and clean the Salvia miltiorrhiza roots, leaves, and flowers.
- Dry the roots, leaves, and flowers in a well-ventilated area to preserve their medicinal properties.
- Grind the dried roots, leaves, and flowers into a fine powder using a grinder or mortar and pestle.
- Mix the powder of the roots, leaves, and flowers together in a ratio that is commonly used in herbal medicine.
- Fill the powder into gelatin capsules using a capsule filler, making sure each capsule contains the same amount of the herbal mixture.
Decoction
Salvia miltiorrhiza decoction is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various health conditions, including cardiac inefficiency, hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes, anemia, arthritis, and chronic fatigue.
This decoction is widely used in Eastern medicine, particularly in China, where it is a common ingredient in traditional recipes. A common effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza decoction is the improvement of blood circulation and the reduction of inflammation. It is typically made from the roots of the Salvia miltiorrhiza plant, which contain the active compounds responsible for its medicinal properties.
The preparation process is moderately difficult, requiring precise measurements and a controlled environment to extract the maximum benefits from the roots, which are then boiled in water to create the decoction.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Salvia miltiorrhiza decoction.
- Gather and clean fresh Salvia miltiorrhiza roots.
- Cut the roots into smaller pieces to increase their surface area.
- Combine the root pieces in a pot and add a sufficient amount of water.
- Bring the water to a boil, then reduce the heat and simmer for an extended period.
- Strain the decoction and discard the solids to obtain the herbal liquid.
Tea
Salvia miltiorrhiza tea is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypotension, angina, and neuropathy.
It's widely used in many cultures, making it a very common treatment for these conditions. This popularity is due in part to its vasodilatory effect, which helps to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure. The tea is typically made from the roots, leaves, and flowers of the Salvia miltiorrhiza plant.
Preparation is relatively simple, as the dried plant material is steeped in hot water to create a brew that can be consumed.
Below you find an image of Salvia miltiorrhiza tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Salvia miltiorrhiza tea.
- Gather fresh or dried Salvia miltiorrhiza roots, leaves, and flowers for the herbal tea.
- Rinse the roots, leaves, and flowers with water to clean them.
- Combine equal portions of the cleaned roots, leaves, and flowers in a tea infuser or a heat-resistant container.
- Steep the mixture in boiling water for 5-10 minutes to allow the herbal properties to infuse.
- Strain the tea and discard the solids before serving the Salvia miltiorrhiza herbal tea.
What are the possible side effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Salvia miltiorrhiza are experiencing palpitations due to its ability to affect heart rate and rhythm.
Developing atrial fibrillation is also possible, as the plant's bioactive compounds can interfere with cardiac function, leading to irregular heart rhythms. Increasing risk of bleeding is a concern, as Salvia miltiorrhiza may interact with anticoagulant medications and exacerbate bleeding disorders. Experiencing dizziness and hypotension are other potential side effects, as the plant's vasodilatory effects can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure and lead to lightheadedness.
Additionally, improperly using Salvia miltiorrhiza may result in ventricular extrasystoles, nausea, vomiting, abnormal liver function, and in severe cases, cardiac arrest.
The most common side effects Salvia miltiorrhiza gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Experiencing Palpitations: Increased heart rate due to cardiac glycoside and flavonoid content.
- Developing Atrial Fibrillation: Increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation has been associated with Salvia miltiorrhiza due to its effect on cardiac conduction.
- Increasing Risk Of Bleeding: Salvia miltiorrhiza increases prothrombin time and decreases platelet count, leading to anticoagulant effect.
- Experiencing Dizziness: Salvia miltiorrhiza consumption leads to reduced blood pressure, causing dizziness due to decreased cerebral blood flow.
- Hypotension: Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts can lower blood pressure in some individuals.
- Ventricular Extrasystoles: Irregular heartbeats caused by abnormal ventricular contraction.
- Nausea: Nausea occurs in some individuals after ingesting Salvia miltiorrhiza.
- Vomiting: Salvia miltiorrhiza overdose or toxic levels cause gastric irritation leading to vomiting.
- Abnormal Liver Function: Salvia miltiorrhiza may cause elevated liver enzymes and hepatotoxicity, particularly in high doses and prolonged use.
- Cardiac Arrest: Severe disruption of heart function leading to cessation of heartbeat and blood circulation.
What are the precautions to take before using Salvia miltiorrhiza medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Salvia miltiorrhiza medicinally are to consult a healthcare professional to determine the suitability of the plant for your specific needs, follow recommended dosages to avoid potential toxicity and ensure efficacy.
Monitoring blood pressure is essential due to the plant's potential vasodilatory effects, particularly for individuals with hypertension. Be cautious with interactions, as Salvia miltiorrhiza may interact with anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and other medications, potentially leading to adverse effects. Additionally, avoid using Salvia miltiorrhiza during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as its effects on the fetus or infant are unknown.
Inform your healthcare provider about any medical conditions you have, especially cardiovascular disease, as the plant may exacerbate or interact with existing conditions, and be aware of potential allergic reactions, including skin rashes and anaphylaxis, which may require emergency medical attention, and use Salvia miltiorrhiza under medical supervision, monitoring liver function and reporting any side effects promptly, as these may indicate liver damage or other complications.
The most important precautions you must take before using Salvia miltiorrhiza for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult A Healthcare Professional: Due to potential interactions with medications, consult a healthcare professional before using Salvia miltiorrhiza.
- Follow Recommended Dosages: Exceeding recommended dosages of Salvia miltiorrhiza can lead to adverse effects and interact with medications.
- Monitor Blood Pressure: Salvia miltiorrhiza may lower blood pressure due to its active compound tanshinone, which can have an antihypertensive effect.
- Be Cautious With Interactions: Salvia miltiorrhiza interacts with anticoagulants, increasing bleeding risk, and with certain medications, affecting blood pressure and heart function.
- Avoid During Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Salvia miltiorrhiza is contraindicated for pregnant and breastfeeding women due to its emmenagogic and abortifacient properties.
- Inform About Medical Conditions: Salvia miltiorrhiza may interact with anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications, exacerbating bleeding disorders such as hemophilia, and should be used cautiously in patients with bleeding conditions.
- Be Aware Of Allergic Reactions: Some people experience allergic reactions such as skin rash and respiratory issues after consuming Salvia miltiorrhiza.
- Use Under Medical Supervision: Salvia miltiorrhiza should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional due to its potential to interact with certain medications and exacerbate underlying health conditions.
- Monitor Liver Function: Salvia miltiorrhiza contains salvianolic acid B, which may be hepatotoxic in high doses, so liver function should be regularly monitored.
- Report Any Side Effects: Monitor patients for adverse reactions such as headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Salvia miltiorrhiza?
Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.
According to a study published by "Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology", Salvia miltiorrhiza has shown to have various positive effects on diabetes management. The herb has been found to exhibit anti-diabetic activities by improving redox homeostasis, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation, and regulating multiple signaling pathways. Additionally, Salvia miltiorrhiza has been found to be well-tolerated and may offer a new strategy for prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications.
In another study published by "Journal of ethnopharmacology", Salvia miltiorrhiza has been found to have therapeutic potential in treating various diseases, specifically those affecting the cardiovascular and immune systems. The bioactive substances, including diterpenoids and phenolic acids, in Salvia miltiorrhiza have been identified to exhibit pharmacological activities targeting these systems. These activities suggest that Salvia miltiorrhiza may be a valuable herbal medicine for curing ailments related to the cardiovascular and immune systems.
A different research published by "Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity", Salvia miltiorrhiza has been found to possess various beneficial effects on aging-associated cardiovascular diseases. It exerts antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, while also promoting angiogenic and cardioprotective activities that can reduce oxidative stress and improve cardiovascular health. Additionally, Salvia miltiorrhiza has been shown to increase the activities of certain enzymes that combat oxidative stress, ultimately leading to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
