fen yao hua

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• fen yao hua
• Caspian Sage
• Clouding Sage
• Southernwood Sage

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Perovskia abrotanoides
• Perovskia artemisioides

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Classified under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Lamiales, it is a member of the Lamiaceae family. Ultimately, its taxonomic identity is defined by its placement in the genus Salvia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific geographical range that spans across both Middle Europe and Central Asia. In the European region, its presence is documented within the borders of Austria, Germany, and Hungary. Moving eastward, the species can also be found across the landscapes of Central Asia. Specifically, it inhabits parts of Kazakhstan and Kirgizstan within this vast territory. Consequently, its distribution reflects a diverse habitat stretching from the heart of Europe to the mountains of Central Asia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Salvia abrotanoides is defined by its presence in diverse high-altitude environments, typically occurring within an elevational range between 1000 m and 2400 m AMSL. This species thrives in a variety of rugged landscapes, specifically occupying meadows, mountainous terrains, and stony places. Additionally, its habitat often extends to areas in close proximity to rivers, suggesting a preference for moist or riparian-influenced microclimates amidst its alpine or subalpine surroundings.

Elevational range max:

2400 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

1000 m AMSL

Habitat :

meadows, mountains, rivers, stony places

Life history

The life history of Salvia abrotanoides is characterized by its perennial lifecycle, allowing the plant to persist through multiple growing seasons. It is classified under the life form of a chamaephyte, a growth habit where the majority of the plant's photosynthetic organs are located close to the soil surface, often protected by seasonal litter or snow. This chamaephyte status ensures its resilience in its specific ecological niche, facilitating long-term survival and repeated reproductive cycles.

Life form :

chamaephyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Salvia abrotanoides is characterized by a growth form that ranges from a shrub to a subshrub, exhibiting a non-woody structure. This plant typically reaches a minimum plant height of 1 m and functions as a self-supporting organism rather than a climber. As a terrestrial species, it is classified as an epiphyte of the terrestrial type and maintains an independent lifestyle, functioning as a non-parasitic plant.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

shrub

Growth form :

subshrub

Parasite :

independent

Plant height min:

1 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Reproduction

The reproduction of Salvia abrotanoides is characterized by a specific flowering window and highly uniform seed production. The plant's flowering period begins in June and concludes in July, marking a concentrated reproductive phase during the mid-year months. During this time, the production of seeds is remarkably consistent in terms of scale; the seed mass exhibits no variation, with a mean, maximum, and minimum weight all measured at exactly 0.00054 g. This precision in seed mass suggests a highly stabilized mechanism in the development of its reproductive units.

Flowering time :

Jun

Flowering time :

Jul

Seed mass mean:

0.00054 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Salvia abrotanoides has 4 reported plant parts identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root, flower, leaf, stem.

Root

1. Journal of natural products
2. Frontiers in microbiology

Flower

1. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine

Leaf

1. Frontiers in microbiology

Stem

1. Research in pharmaceutical sciences

Chemicals

Salvia abrotanoides has 26 reported phytochemicals identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include camphor, rosmarinic acid, 1,8-Cineol, 1,8-Cineole, Borneol.

camphor

1. International journal of molecular sciences
2. Natural product research
3. Chemistry & biodiversity
4. Biology

rosmarinic acid

1. Biology
2. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics
3. Genes
4. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences

1,8-Cineol

1. International journal of molecular sciences
2. Biology

1,8-Cineole

1. Natural product research
2. Chemistry & biodiversity

Borneol

1. International journal of molecular sciences
2. Biology

Cryptotanshinone

1. Frontiers in microbiology
2. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences

Flavonoids

1. Cells
2. Biology

Monoterpenes

1. Natural product research
2. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

caffeic acid

1. Biology
2. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences

BORNYL ACETATE

1. International journal of molecular sciences

Activities

Salvia abrotanoides has 6 reported activities identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antiplasmodial.

Cytotoxic

1. Journal of natural products
2. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine
3. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences

Antimicrobial

1. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
2. Letters in applied microbiology

Antibacterial

1. International journal of biological macromolecules

Antioxidant

1. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

Antiplasmodial

1. Journal of natural products

Disinfectant

1. Research in pharmaceutical sciences

Medicinal Uses

Salvia abrotanoides has 7 reported medicinal uses identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Candida, T-cell leukemia, Trichomonas, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations