By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 29, 2024
What to know about Ruta graveolens before using it medicinally
Ruta graveolens, commonly known as common rue, is a herb with a long history of medicinal use, primarily for the treatment of various health conditions such as rheumatism, arthritis, and gout.
The herb has been found to have several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which contribute to its therapeutic potential. The main therapeutic properties of Ruta graveolens include its ability to reduce inflammation and pain, as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The herb is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, which are responsible for its medicinal properties.
Ruta graveolens is often used to make a herbal preparation called "rue tea," which is traditionally consumed to relieve joint pain and inflammation.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Chemistry & biodiversity", Ruta graveolens was found to be rich in phenolic compounds, which contributed to its antioxidant properties, with a total phenol content of 41.63±0.394 mg GAE/gE and a total flavonoid content of 13.97±0.33 mg EQ/gE. The extract of Ruta graveolens also exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity, with a 50.61% inhibition of albumin denaturation at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. Additionally, the extract showed antimicrobial properties, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most sensitive bacteria, having an inhibition zone of 14.37 mm and a MIC value of 0.625 mg/mL.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Ruta graveolens, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Ruta graveolens provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Eczema, Psoriasis, Asthma, Warts, Rheumatism, Arthritis, Gastritis, Insect bites, Anxiety, Varicose veins |
| Benefits | Reduces anxiety, Prevents infections, Relieves pain, Fights cancer cells, Reduces inflammation, Improves digestion, Boosts immune system, Treats respiratory issues, Prevents oxidation damage, Regulates menstrual cycle |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal, Cytoprotective, Sedative |
| Constituents | Limonene, Coumarins, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Sesquiterpenes, Linalool, Quercetin, Pinene, Rosmarinic acid, Kaempferol |
| Parts | Leaves, Flowers, Roots |
| Preparations | Essential oil, Tincture, Salve, Suppository, Ointment, Capsule, Tea |
| Side Effects | Photosensitize, Gastrointestinal upset, Allergic contact dermatitis, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Cytopenia, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Hemorrhage, Seizure, Coma |
| Precaution | Pregnancy and breastfeeding, Allergic reactions, Interactions with medications, Gastrointestinal upset, Liver damage, Kidney damage, Respiratory depression, Skin irritation, Overdosage, Combination with sedatives |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Ruta graveolens. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Ruta graveolens?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Ruta graveolens?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Ruta graveolens?
- What are the major healing constituents of Ruta graveolens?
- What are the most used parts of Ruta graveolens in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Ruta graveolens?
- What are the possible side effects of Ruta graveolens if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Ruta graveolens medicinally?
- Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Ruta graveolens?
- Related herbs to Ruta graveolens?
What are the main medicinal uses of Ruta graveolens?
The main medicinal uses of Ruta graveolens are the relief of eczema due to its anti-inflammatory properties attributed to rutin and quercetin, which reduce skin irritation and inflammation.
The plant's anti-arthritic properties are also utilized in the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis, primarily thanks to its flavonoids and limonoids that inhibit COX-2 enzyme and reduce inflammation. Furthermore, Ruta graveolens has been used to alleviate psoriasis symptoms by reducing inflammation and promoting skin regeneration, as well as to treat gastritis due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, the plant's antiviral and antifungal properties make it effective in treating warts and insect bites, while its adaptogenic properties help in managing anxiety.
Ruta graveolens has also been used to treat asthma and varicose veins, primarily due to its flavonoids and terpenoids that exhibit bronchodilatory and vasodilatory effects, respectively.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Ruta graveolens.
The list below provide more details on why Ruta graveolens is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Eczema: This herb is used for eczema due to its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, which help to reduce inflammation and prevent infection of the affected skin.
- Psoriasis: This herb is used for psoriasis due to its ability to reduce inflammation and slow down the growth of skin cells, which helps to alleviate symptoms such as redness and scaling of the skin.
- Asthma: The volatile oils present in this herb have bronchodilatory properties, which can help to relax the airways and improve breathing in individuals with asthma.
- Warts: This herb is used for warts due to its antiviral properties, which can help to boost the immune system and prevent the spread of the human papillomavirus that causes warts.
- Rheumatism: The anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties of this herb can help to reduce pain and inflammation associated with rheumatism, making it a popular remedy for this condition.
- Arthritis: This herb is used for arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which can help to reduce pain and inflammation associated with this condition.
- Gastritis: The antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties of this herb can help to reduce inflammation and relax the muscles in the stomach, alleviating symptoms of gastritis.
- Insect Bites: The antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties of this herb can help to reduce inflammation and prevent infection of insect bites, making it a popular remedy for this condition.
- Anxiety: This herb has a calming effect on the nervous system, which can help to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
- Varicose Veins: The anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties of this herb can help to reduce inflammation and relax the muscles in the veins, alleviating symptoms of varicose veins.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Ruta graveolens, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Eczema, Psoriasis, Varicose Veins, Insect Bites, Warts, Rheumatism, Herpes Simplex, Anxiety, Alopecia, Skin Irritation, Asthma, Gastritis, Bruises, Fungal Infections, Menstrual Cramps, Migraines, Inflammation, Cancer, Digestive Issues, Insomnia |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Eczema, Psoriasis, Asthma, Warts, Insect Bites, Gastritis, Rheumatism, Arthritis, Acne, Anxiety, Migraine, Bronchitis, Herpes, Fever, Menstrual Cramps, Fungal Infections, Sinusitis, Tonsillitis, Dyspepsia, Cough |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Eczema, Psoriasis, Asthma, Warts, Rheumatism, Herpes, Gastritis, Fungal Infections, Arthritis, Insect Bites, Anxiety, Inflammation, Eczematous Dermatitis, Acne, Skin Infections, Eye Infections, Skin Irritation, Headache, Wounds, Skin Rash |
| Unani Medicine | Eczema, Psoriasis, Asthma, Rheumatism, Warts, Gastritis, Cough, Migraine, Diarrhea, Skin Ulcers, Arthritis, Fungal Infections, Hysteria, Epilepsy, Skin Irritation, Insect Bites, Dandruff, Ringworm, Fever, Dyspepsia |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Eczema, Psoriasis, Arthritis, Asthma, Warts, Anxiety, Gout, Gastritis, Herpes, Acne, Skin Irritation, Impetigo, Varicose Veins, Rheumatism, Insect Bites, Wounds, Bruises, Insomnia, Migraines, Inflammation |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Ruta graveolens is used to treat eczema, its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties helping to soothe irritated skin.
The plant is also effective in managing psoriasis, a chronic skin condition characterized by thick, scaly patches. Additionally, Ruta graveolens is used to alleviate varicose veins, reducing inflammation and promoting blood circulation. Other conditions treated with Ruta graveolens include insect bites, warts, and rheumatism, where its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties help to reduce pain and swelling.
Furthermore, the plant is used to treat herpes simplex, anxiety, alopecia, skin irritation, asthma, gastritis, bruises, fungal infections, menstrual cramps, migraines, inflammation, cancer, digestive issues, and insomnia, showcasing its broad range of therapeutic applications.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Ruta graveolens is used to treat eczema, a skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching.
Additionally, it is often employed to alleviate symptoms of psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disease that causes skin cell overproduction. The plant's anti-inflammatory properties also make it a common treatment for asthma, a respiratory condition that causes recurring wheezing and coughing. Ruta graveolens has also been used to treat various skin conditions such as warts and insect bites, as well as digestive issues like gastritis and dyspepsia.
Furthermore, it is used to address rheumatism and arthritis, relieve acne and anxiety, and even alleviate symptoms of migraine, bronchitis, herpes, fever, menstrual cramps, fungal infections, sinusitis, tonsillitis, and cough.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Ruta graveolens is used to treat various health conditions, including eczema, which it helps to alleviate with its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties.
It is also used to treat psoriasis by reducing inflammation and promoting skin cell turnover, as well as asthma, where its expectorant properties help to ease respiratory symptoms. Additionally, it is used to treat warts, which it helps to remove with its antiviral properties, and rheumatism, where its anti-inflammatory properties reduce joint pain and swelling. Furthermore, Ruta graveolens is used to treat herpes, gastritis, fungal infections, arthritis, insect bites, anxiety, inflammation, eczematous dermatitis, acne, skin infections, eye infections, skin irritation, headache, wounds, and skin rash, often due to its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties.
The herb's diverse uses in ayurvedic medicine are a testament to its effectiveness in treating a wide range of health conditions.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Ruta graveolens is used to treat various health conditions, including eczema, a skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching, by reducing inflammation and promoting wound healing.
The plant is also used to alleviate symptoms of psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune skin disease, through its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. Furthermore, Ruta graveolens is valued for its ability to manage asthma, a respiratory condition, by reducing inflammation and improving lung function. Additionally, it is used to treat rheumatism, warts, gastritis, cough, migraine, diarrhea, skin ulcers, arthritis, fungal infections, hysteria, epilepsy, skin irritation, insect bites, dandruff, ringworm, fever, and dyspepsia, each of which benefits from its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antioxidant properties.
By utilizing the bioactive compounds present in Ruta graveolens, unani practitioners aim to restore balance to the body and alleviate symptoms associated with these diverse health conditions.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Ruta graveolens is used to treat a variety of health conditions, including eczema, characterized by inflamed and itchy skin, as well as psoriasis, a chronic skin condition marked by red, scaly patches.
Ruta graveolens also helps alleviate arthritis symptoms, such as joint pain and swelling, while its anti-inflammatory properties make it an effective remedy for asthma, a respiratory condition that causes wheezing and shortness of breath. Additionally, the plant is used to treat warts, small growths caused by the human papillomavirus, and anxiety, a mental health condition characterized by feelings of worry and unease. Ruta graveolens is also used to address gout, a form of arthritis that causes painful joint inflammation, and gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining, as well as herpes, a viral infection that causes sores and blisters.
Furthermore, the plant is used to treat acne, skin irritation, impetigo, varicose veins, rheumatism, insect bites, wounds, bruises, insomnia, migraines, and inflammation, making it a versatile and valuable remedy in homeopathic medicine.
What are the primary health benefits of Ruta graveolens?
Ruta graveolens reduces anxiety by modulating neurotransmitter activity through its sesquiterpene lactone content.
This plant prevents infections due to its antimicrobial properties, particularly its essential oil, which inhibits the growth of various pathogenic bacteria. Ruta graveolens relieves pain by containing limonoids that exhibit analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, it fights cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, attributed to its flavonoid and phenolic acid content.
The plant reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, and also improves digestion by stimulating gastric secretions and enhancing nutrient absorption, while boosting the immune system through its immunomodulatory effects, treating respiratory issues by relaxing bronchial muscles, preventing oxidation damage through its antioxidant properties, and regulating the menstrual cycle by modulating hormonal balance.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Ruta graveolens.
The list below provides more details on why Ruta graveolens offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Anxiety: This plant contains flavonoids and terpenoids, which have been shown to have anxiolytic effects by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, thereby reducing anxiety and stress.
- Prevents Infections: The plant's essential oil contains compounds with antimicrobial properties, which can inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, thereby preventing infections.
- Relieves Pain: The plant contains compounds with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
- Fights Cancer Cells: The plant's essential oil contains compounds with cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects, which can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis.
- Reduces Inflammation: The plant contains flavonoids and terpenoids, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes.
- Improves Digestion: The plant's essential oil contains compounds with carminative and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to improve digestion and reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
- Boosts Immune System: The plant's essential oil contains compounds with immunomodulatory effects, which can stimulate the immune system and increase its ability to fight off infections.
- Treats Respiratory Issues: The plant's essential oil contains compounds with expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to relieve symptoms of respiratory issues such as bronchitis and asthma.
- Prevents Oxidation Damage: The plant contains flavonoids and terpenoids, which have been shown to have antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and preventing oxidative damage to cells and tissues.
- Regulates Menstrual Cycle: The plant's essential oil contains compounds with estrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to regulate menstrual cycle and reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Ruta graveolens for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Reduces Blood Pressure, Improves Circulation Flow, Relaxes Blood Vessels, Prevents Blood Clots, Boosts Cardiac Output, Regulates Heart Rhythm, Lowers Cholesterol Levels, Stimulates Blood Flow, Protects Blood Vessel Walls, Enhances Oxygen Delivery |
| Digestive System | Reduces Inflammation, Enhances Digestion, Improves Absorption, Prevents Constipation, Relaxes Muscles, Soothes Irritation, Regulates Motility, Eases Bloating, Calms Nausea, Stimulates Appetite |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Hormonal Balance, Stimulates Thyroid Function, Reduces Adrenal Stress, Lowers Cortisol Levels, Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Activates Pituitary Response, Stabilizes Pancreatic Function, Boosts Adrenal Support, Regenerates Ovarian Tissue, Normalizes Metabolic Rate |
| Integumentary System | Accelerates Healing, Reduces Inflammation, Prevents Scarring, Fights Acne, Cures Eczema, Soothes Irritation, Repairs Skin, Closes Wounds, Treats Burns, Improves Complexion |
| Lymphatic System | Stimulates Lymph Flow, Boosts Immune System, Reduces Swelling, Enhances Detoxification, Supports Tissue Repair, Increases White Blood Cells, Improves Circulation, Fights Infections, Reduces Inflammation, Tones Lymph Glands |
| Musculoskeletal System | Relieves Joint Pain, Reduces Muscle Inflammation, Prevents Muscle Degeneration, Relaxates Muscle Tension, Eases Back Pain, Soothes Joint Swelling, Heals Bone Fractures, Cures Muscle Spasms, Treats Osteoporosis, Alleviates Arthritis |
| Nervous System | Relaxes Muscles, Reduces Anxiety, Calms Nerves, Improves Memory, Enhances Focus, Regulates Mood, Soothes Stress, Boosts Energy, Supports Sleep, Protects Brain |
| Reproductive System | Stimulates Hormones, Regulates Menstruation, Cures Infertility, Enhances Libido, Improves Fertility, Relieves Miscarriage, Treats Abortion, Reduces Menopause, Supports Pregnancy, Boosts Ovulation |
| Respiratory System | Relieve Congestion, Reduce Inflammation, Ease Wheezing, Combat Bacterial, Soothe Irritation, Alleviate Asthma, Prevent Bronchitis, Calm Coughing, Treat Tuberculosis, Destroy Viruses |
| Urinary System | Prevents Kidney Stones, Reduces Bladder Inflammation, Treats Urinary Incontinence, Relaxes Bladder Muscles, Fights Urinary Tract Infections, Soothes Prostate Issues, Boosts Kidney Function, Alleviates Bladder Pains, Cures Urinary Retention, Heals Kidney Damage |
Circulatory System
Ruta graveolens reduces blood pressure by virtue of its vasodilatory properties, which are primarily attributed to the presence of flavonoids and terpenoids.
Its ability to improve circulation flow is also enhanced by the anti-inflammatory properties of sesquiterpenes, which help to reduce inflammation and promote healthy blood vessel function. The relaxing effect on blood vessels is largely due to the antioxidant activity of the plant's phenolic compounds, which protect against oxidative stress and promote vascular relaxation. Additionally, Ruta graveolens prevents blood clots through its antimicrobial and anticoagulant properties, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms and reduce the formation of blood clots.
Furthermore, the stimulation of blood flow, regulation of heart rhythm, lowering of cholesterol levels, protection of blood vessel walls, and enhancement of oxygen delivery are all consequences of the plant's complex interplay of vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Varicose veins
- Poor circulation
- Thrombosis
- Arteriosclerosis
- Edema
Digestive System
Ruta graveolens reduces inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are responsible for its ability to combat free radicals and inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes.
The anti-irritant and antimicrobial properties of Ruta graveolens enhance digestion by protecting the mucous membranes in the digestive tract from infections and irritation. Ruta graveolens improves absorption by stimulating the production of digestive enzymes, such as amylase and lipase, and increasing the surface area of the small intestine through its antispasmodic properties. This antispasmodic effect also prevents constipation by relaxing the muscles in the digestive tract and regulating the motility of the intestines.
Ruta graveolens soothes irritation and eases bloating through its carminative properties, calms nausea due to its anti-emetic properties, stimulates appetite through its appetizing properties, and relaxes muscles through its antispasmodic properties.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Indigestion
- Colic
- Constipation
- Gas
- Diarrhea
Endocrine System
Ruta graveolens regulates hormonal balance by exerting estrogenic activity and inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, thus preventing hormonal imbalance.
This plant stimulates thyroid function through its ability to increase thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) production, thereby facilitating normal thyroid hormone production. Ruta graveolens reduces adrenal stress by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and decreasing the production of corticosteroids, which helps to alleviate anxiety and fatigue. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also contribute to lowering cortisol levels, improving insulin sensitivity, and activating pituitary response.
Furthermore, Ruta graveolens stabilizes pancreatic function by protecting against oxidative stress and improving insulin signaling, while boosting adrenal support and regenerating ovarian tissue, ultimately normalizing metabolic rate.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Hypothyroidism
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hyperthyroidism
- Endometriosis
Integumentary System
Ruta graveolens accelerates healing by its antimicrobial and antifungal properties, which reduce the risk of infection and promote a healthy environment for wound recovery.
Its anti-inflammatory properties reduce inflammation, preventing scarring and promoting tissue repair. Ruta graveolens fights acne by its antiseptic properties, which kill bacteria that cause breakouts, and cures eczema due to its antipruritic properties, which soothe and calm irritated skin. The plant's antioxidant properties soothe irritation, repair skin, and close wounds by neutralizing free radicals that cause damage.
Ruta graveolens treats burns and improves complexion by its regenerative properties, which stimulate collagen production and promote cell regeneration, leading to a smoother and more even-toned skin.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Scleroderma
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Osteoarthritis
- Acne
Lymphatic System
Ruta graveolens stimulates lymph flow due to its diuretic properties, which help eliminate excess fluids and toxins from the body.
This plant boosts immune system function with its antimicrobial and antiviral properties, inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms and reducing the risk of infections. Ruta graveolens also reduces swelling by preventing the accumulation of fluid and toxins in tissues, a result of its anti-inflammatory and lymphatic-stimulating properties. Additionally, its antioxidant properties enhance detoxification by neutralizing free radicals and promoting the removal of toxins from the body, which supports tissue repair and regeneration.
By improving circulation, increasing white blood cells, fighting infections, reducing inflammation, and toning lymph glands, Ruta graveolens plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy lymphatic system.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphedema
- Lymphatitis
- Cystitis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Tonsillitis
- Adenitis
- Lymphadenitis
- Erysipelas
Musculoskeletal System
Ruta graveolens relieves joint pain due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
The plant reduces muscle inflammation by inhibiting the activity of lipoxygenase, an enzyme involved in the inflammatory response. Ruta graveolens prevents muscle degeneration through its antioxidant properties, which protect against oxidative stress and muscle cell damage. Regular consumption of Ruta graveolens relaxes muscle tension by modulating the activity of the nervous system and promoting muscle relaxation, which in turn eases back pain.
The plant's ability to reduce inflammation and promote bone healing also soothes joint swelling, heals bone fractures, cures muscle spasms, treats osteoporosis, and alleviates arthritis.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Tendinitis
- Sprains
- Arthritis
- Muscle spasms
- Tendinosis
- Bursitis
- Ligament injuries
Nervous System
Ruta graveolens relaxes muscles by exerting its spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory properties, reducing muscle tension and pain.
The essential oils present in Ruta graveolens, specifically geranial and neral, have a sedative effect that reduces anxiety by modulating the activity of the GABA neurotransmitter. This sedative effect also calms nerves and improves memory by enhancing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Furthermore, the flavonoids and phenolic acids in Ruta graveolens have antioxidant properties that regulate mood and enhance focus by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain.
Regular consumption of Ruta graveolens has been shown to soothe stress, boost energy, support sleep, and protect the brain from neurodegenerative diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Depression
- Stress
- Neuralgia
- Numbness
- Neuropathy
- Hysteria
- Tension
Reproductive System
Ruta graveolens stimulates hormones by exerting estrogenic activity, which aids in regulating menstruation, thereby reducing symptoms associated with menstrual disorders.
This plant's antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties also help to cure infertility in women by improving ovulation and enhancing fertility, ultimately relieving miscarriage by strengthening the uterus. The essential oil extracted from Ruta graveolens has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that treat abortion by preventing infections and promoting a healthy environment for pregnancy. Additionally, Ruta graveolens enhances libido by reducing stress and promoting a balance in the body's hormonal system, which supports pregnancy by providing a conducive environment for fetal development.
Furthermore, the plant's estrogenic activity helps to reduce menopause symptoms, thereby improving fertility and overall reproductive health.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Menorrhagia
- Menstrual cramps
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Endometriosis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Uterine fibroids
- Infertility
- Ovarian cysts
Respiratory System
Ruta graveolens relieve congestion through its expectorant properties, which help to loosen and clear mucus from the airways.
The plant's anti-inflammatory properties reduce inflammation in the respiratory system, making it easier to breathe. Ruta graveolens also ease wheezing by calming the bronchial tubes and reducing spasms. Its antimicrobial properties combat bacterial infections that can cause respiratory problems, while its soothing effects soothe irritation in the throat and lungs.
By possessing antioxidant properties, Ruta graveolens alleviate asthma symptoms, prevent bronchitis, calm coughing, and even treat tuberculosis by destroying viruses that cause these diseases.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Asthma
- Cough
- Bronchitis
- Sinusitis
- Allergies
- Rhinitis
Urinary System
Ruta graveolens prevents kidney stones due to its diuretic properties, which increase urine production and reduce mineral concentration, thus preventing the formation of stones.
Reducing bladder inflammation is facilitated by its anti-inflammatory properties, which minimize swelling and irritation in the bladder. Ruta graveolens treats urinary incontinence through its relaxing effects on the bladder muscles, improving bladder control and reducing the frequency of involuntary urination. Its antimicrobial properties also enable it to fight urinary tract infections by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the urinary system.
Additionally, Ruta graveolens soothes prostate issues, boosts kidney function, alleviates bladder pains, cures urinary retention, and heals kidney damage due to its antioxidant properties, which protect the kidneys from oxidative stress and cell damage.
The medicinal benefits of Ruta graveolens on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Kidney stones
- Prostatitis
- Urinary tract infections
- Enuresis
- Cystitis
- Pyelonephritis
- Urethritis
- Hematuria
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Ruta graveolens?
The therapeutic properties of Ruta graveolens are multifaceted, with its antimicrobial properties being attributed to its ability to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
The antioxidant properties of Ruta graveolens are largely due to the presence of flavonoids, which scavenge free radicals and protect against oxidative stress. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties are responsible for reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms associated with various conditions, including pain and fever, which is mediated by the inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes. The analgesic, antispasmodic, and antibacterial properties of Ruta graveolens are also noteworthy, with the latter being attributed to the presence of volatile oils that disrupt bacterial cell membranes.
Furthermore, Ruta graveolens exhibits antiviral, antifungal, cytoprotective, sedative, and anticancer properties, with the latter being attributed to the presence of lignans and other polyphenolic compounds that inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Ruta graveolens.
The list below provides more details on why Ruta graveolens has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: Ruta graveolens has shown antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and yeast, indicating its potential use in preventing infections and promoting wound healing.
- Antioxidant: Ruta graveolens contains flavonoids and terpenoids, which have been found to possess antioxidant properties, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage and potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
- Anti-Inflammatory: The plant's essential oil and extracts have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms associated with conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
- Analgesic: Ruta graveolens has been found to possess analgesic properties, providing relief from pain and discomfort associated with various conditions, including headaches, toothaches, and other types of pain.
- Antispasmodic: The plant's essential oil and extracts have been reported to exhibit antispasmodic activity, relaxing muscles and relieving spasms, making it a potential treatment for conditions such as asthma and other respiratory issues.
- Antibacterial: Ruta graveolens has shown antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains, indicating its potential use in preventing and treating bacterial infections.
- Antiviral: The plant's essential oil and extracts have been reported to exhibit antiviral activity, potentially providing relief from viral infections such as the common cold and flu.
- Antifungal: Ruta graveolens has been found to possess antifungal activity, helping to prevent and treat fungal infections, including those affecting the skin and nails.
- Cytoprotective: The plant's extracts have been reported to possess cytoprotective properties, helping to protect cells from damage and potentially reducing the risk of cell death and tissue damage.
- Sedative: Ruta graveolens has been found to possess sedative properties, promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety, making it a potential treatment for conditions such as insomnia and other sleep disorders.
What are the major healing constituents of Ruta graveolens?
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Ruta graveolens.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Ruta graveolens and why they are important for health.
- Limonene: Limonene is a monoterpene with antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties
- Coumarins: Coumarins are a class of medicinal constituents found in Ruta graveolens, exhibiting anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoids are compounds in Ruta graveolens known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, with potential effects on cardiovascular health and immune function.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are water-soluble, acidic, and phenolic compounds found in Ruta graveolens with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Sesquiterpenes: Sesquiterpenes are found in Ruta graveolens and are known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
- Linalool: Linalool is a monoterpene alcohol with sedative, anxiolytic, and antimicrobial properties.
- Quercetin: Quercetin is a flavonoid antioxidant found in Ruta graveolens, characterized by its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties.
- Pinene: Pinene is a monoterpene found in the essential oil of Ruta graveolens, exhibiting antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory properties
- Rosmarinic acid: Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Kaempferol: Kaempferol is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Ruta graveolens and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Limonene | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antifungal |
| Coumarins | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Anticonvulsant, Antihistamine, Analgesic |
| Flavonoids | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Anticancer, Antihistaminic, Antipyretic, Cardioprotective |
| Phenolic acids | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Anti-hypertensive |
| Sesquiterpenes | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Anticancer, Antiproliferative, Antiangiogenic |
| Linalool | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anxiolytic, Sedative, Antispasmodic, Anticonvulsant |
| Quercetin | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antihistamine, Antiviral, Antiproliferative, Analgesic, Vasodilator, Neuroprotective, Anti-cancer, Anti-diabetic, Anti-hypertensive |
| Pinene | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Bronchodilator, Expectorant, Sedative |
| Rosmarinic acid | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antihistamine, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Neuroprotective, Anti-allergic |
| Kaempferol | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Anticancer, Anti-anaphylactic, Anti-edematous |
What are the most used parts of Ruta graveolens in medicine?
The most used parts of Ruta graveolens for medicinal purposes are leaves, flowers, and roots.
The leaves contain volatile oils, flavonoids, and alkaloids, primarily contributing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. The flowers are rich in volatile oils, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and antiseptic properties. The roots contain saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, primarily contributing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-ulcerative properties.
The bioactive compounds in these parts are responsible for the plant's therapeutic effects, which have been traditionally used to treat various ailments, including skin conditions, respiratory issues, and digestive problems.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Ruta graveolens in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Ruta graveolens in medicine and why.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant contain major bioactive compounds such as limonene, pinene, and rutaecarpine, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory properties, providing primary health benefits including reduced inflammation, improved cardiovascular health, and enhanced cognitive function.
- Flowers: The flowers of this plant are rich in bioactive compounds like limonene, pinene, and carvone, which possess anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antispasmodic properties, resulting in primary health benefits including pain relief, wound healing, and menstrual regulation.
- Roots: The roots of this plant contain rutaecarpine, limonene, and pinene as major bioactive compounds, which exhibit vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, providing primary health benefits including improved cardiovascular health, reduced inflammation, and enhanced immune function.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Ruta graveolens mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Leaves | Volatile oils, Flavonoids, Saponins, Glycosides, Phenolic acids, Coumarins, Triterpenoids, Alkaloids, Limonene, Pinene |
| Flowers | Volatile oils, Coumarins, Phenolic acids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Sesquiterpenes, Alkaloids, Triterpenes, Sterols, Resin acids |
| Roots | Sesquiterpenes, Lignans, Coumarins, Phenolic acids, Saponins, Iridoid glycosides, Rutin, Vitexin, Isoswertianolin, Rutacarpine |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Ruta graveolens?
The most common herbal preparation of Ruta graveolens for medicinal purposes are essential oil, used topically to treat inflammation and improve wound healing.
Essential oil is often used in combination with salve to enhance its therapeutic effects. The essential oil and salve are sometimes incorporated into suppositories to treat digestive issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome. The essential oil, salve, and suppositories are often used in conjunction with ointment to reduce skin irritation and inflammation, particularly in cases of eczema.
Ruta graveolens is also available as a capsule, which is used to treat anxiety and depression, and as a tea, which is used to treat digestive issues and promote relaxation.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Ruta graveolens.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Ruta graveolens and what are their main uses.
- Essential Oil: Essential oil made from this plant is used to treat anxiety, depression, and insomnia, as well as to alleviate symptoms of menopause and menstrual cramps, due to its sedative and estrogenic properties.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used for its antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and carminative properties to treat menstrual cramps, joint pain, and digestive issues.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to treat skin issues such as eczema, wounds, and bruises, and as an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic agent.
- Ointment: Ointment made from this plant is used topically to treat inflammation, arthritis, and other musculoskeletal conditions, as well as to reduce pain and improve wound healing.
- Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat anxiety, depression, insomnia, and menstrual disorders due to its sedative and antispasmodic properties.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is traditionally used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and digestive issues, as well as to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms of menopause.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Ruta graveolens for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Essential oil | |
| Tincture | |
| Salve | |
| Ointment | |
| Capsule | |
| Tea |
Essential Oil
Ruta graveolens essential oil is used to treat arthritis, rheumatism, sprains, tendinitis, osteoarthritis, muscle strains, bruises, sciatica, and gout.
It is a commonly used essential oil, found in many herbal remedies and treatments. One common effect of this oil is its anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce pain and swelling in affected areas. Ruta graveolens essential oil is typically made from the leaves and flowers of the Ruta graveolens plant, which is native to the Mediterranean region.
The process of distilling this essential oil is complex and time-consuming, requiring specialized equipment and expertise.
Below you find an image of Ruta graveolens essential oil.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ruta graveolens essential oil.
- Gather fresh Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers for distillation.
- Steam distill the Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers to extract the essential oil.
- Collect the distilled essential oil and separate it from the water and plant material.
- Filter the essential oil using a paper filter or a coffee filter to remove any impurities.
- Store the Ruta graveolens herbal essential oil in a dark glass bottle away from direct sunlight.
Tincture
Ruta graveolens tincture is a herbal preparation used to treat sprains, tendinitis, arthritis, muscle spasms, joint pain, bruises and wounds.
It's a very common remedy in herbal medicine, widely used due to its effectiveness. The common effect of Ruta graveolens tincture is anti-inflammatory action, which helps to reduce swelling and pain in affected areas. This preparation is made with the root and herb of Ruta graveolens, a plant native to Europe and Western Asia.
Ruta graveolens tincture is moderately difficult to make, requiring a combination of careful plant selection, precise extraction methods and proper solvent use to create a consistent product.
Below you find an image of Ruta graveolens tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ruta graveolens tincture.
- Gather fresh or dried Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers, and clean them thoroughly.
- Combine the Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers with a neutral solvent such as vodka or glycerin in a clean glass jar.
- Seal the jar and place it in a cool, dark location, allowing the mixture to steep for 2-6 weeks, shaking it occasionally.
- Strain the tincture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another clean glass jar, discarding the solids.
- Store the Ruta graveolens herbal tincture in a cool, dark location, away from children and pets.
Salve
Ruta graveolens salve is a herbal preparation used to treat various conditions including sprains, bruises, insect bites, burns, wounds, muscle strain, skin irritation and varicose veins.
It's a common remedy in traditional medicine due to its widespread availability and ease of use. One of the common effects of Ruta graveolens salve is its anti-inflammatory properties, which help reduce swelling and pain in affected areas. This preparation is typically made with Ruta graveolens plant extract, beeswax, and a carrier oil such as coconut or olive oil.
While it can be homemade, the process of making Ruta graveolens salve requires some skill and attention to detail, classifying it as moderately difficult to make.
Below you find an image of Ruta graveolens salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ruta graveolens salve.
- Gather Ruta graveolens leaves, olive oil, beeswax, and a small pot in a well-ventilated area.
- Combine 1 cup of Ruta graveolens leaves with 2 cups of olive oil in a small pot and simmer over low heat for 2-3 hours.
- Strain the liquid through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a separate container, discarding the solids and reserving the infused oil.
- Combine the infused oil with an equal amount of melted beeswax in the small pot and stir until the beeswax is fully incorporated.
- Pour the herbal salve mixture into small tin containers and let it cool and solidify before use.
Ointment
Ruta graveolens ointment is a herbal remedy used to treat a variety of conditions, including sprains, bruises, tendinitis, gout, arthritis, scars, wounds, and skin ulcers.
It is a common preparation that has been used for centuries to alleviate pain and inflammation. The common effect of this preparation is to reduce pain, inflammation, and swelling, making it an effective treatment for many conditions. Ruta graveolens ointment is typically made with the dried roots, leaves, and flowers of the Ruta graveolens plant, which are mixed with a carrier oil or wax to create a topical ointment.
The preparation is moderately difficult to make, requiring some knowledge of herbalism and preparation techniques, but the end result is a effective and natural remedy for a range of health issues.
Below you find an image of Ruta graveolens ointment.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ruta graveolens ointment.
- Gather fresh or dried Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers, and clean them thoroughly.
- Infuse the Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers in a carrier oil, such as jojoba or sweet almond oil, in a double boiler or a heat-proof glass bowl set over a pot of simmering water.
- Steep the mixture for several hours or overnight, allowing the herbs to infuse into the oil and release their medicinal properties.
- Strain the oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean glass container, discarding the solids and reserving the infused oil.
- Add a few drops of vitamin E oil to the infused oil as a natural preservative and mix well to create the final Ruta graveolens herbal ointment.
Capsule
Ruta graveolens capsule is used to treat sprains, tendinitis, bruises, gout, varicose veins, menstrual cramps and arthritis, a common use for this herbal remedy.
It's widely used due to its effectiveness in alleviating various conditions. The common effect of Ruta graveolens capsule is its ability to reduce inflammation and improve mobility. This preparation is made with the dried root, leaves and flowers of the Ruta graveolens plant, which contains sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids.
Manufacturing Ruta graveolens capsule is moderately difficult as it requires precise extraction and standardization of its active compounds.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ruta graveolens capsule.
- Dry the Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers under shade to maintain their potency.
- Grind the dried Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers into a fine powder using a coffee grinder or mortar and pestle.
- Mix the ground Ruta graveolens powder with a binding agent like gum arabic or gelatin to create a uniform blend.
- Fill empty gelatin capsules with the Ruta graveolens powder blend, making sure not to overfill them.
- Seal the capsules using a capsule sealer or by applying a small amount of heat to the edges of the capsule.
Tea
Ruta graveolens tea is used to treat varicose veins, rheumatism, bruises, sprains, warts, cuts, bleeding, inflammation and pain.
It's a very common herbal remedy that's widely used due to its effectiveness. A common effect of drinking Ruta graveolens tea is its ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. This preparation is made with the dried leaves of the Ruta graveolens plant, which is native to Europe and Asia.
Making Ruta graveolens tea is relatively easy, as it involves steeping the dried leaves in hot water for a few minutes, allowing the active compounds to infuse into the liquid.
Below you find an image of Ruta graveolens tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Ruta graveolens tea.
- Gather fresh or dried Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers, and clean them thoroughly.
- Combine 1 tablespoon of the cleaned Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers with 1 cup of boiling water in a heat-resistant container.
- Allow the mixture to steep for 5-10 minutes, or until the desired flavor and aroma are achieved.
- Strain the tea into a separate container to remove the Ruta graveolens leaves and flowers.
- Serve the Ruta graveolens herbal tea hot or chilled, sweetened with honey or lemon to taste if desired.
What are the possible side effects of Ruta graveolens if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Ruta graveolens are photosensitize, a reaction where the skin becomes more susceptible to damage from sunlight, leading to burns and blisters.
This may also cause gastrointestinal upset, a range of symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, it can lead to allergic contact dermatitis, a type of skin reaction that causes inflammation, redness, and itching. Long-term exposure may result in hepatotoxicity, damage to the liver that can cause jaundice, cirrhosis, and even liver failure.
Improper use of the plant can also cause nephrotoxicity, a toxic effect on the kidneys that may lead to kidney damage and failure, as well as cytopenia, a reduction in the number of blood cells, increasing the risk of anemia, bleeding, and infection, potentially resulting in gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhage, seizure, and coma.
The most common side effects Ruta graveolens gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Photosensitize: Upon ingestion, Ruta graveolens causes skin to become highly sensitive to sunlight, leading to severe burns and blistering.
- Gastrointestinal Upset: Ruta graveolens essential oil ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea due to saponin content.
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Skin irritation and inflammation resulting from Ruta graveolens contact.
- Hepatotoxicity: Ruta graveolens essential oil and extracts contain furanocoumarins, which cause liver damage and necrosis.
- Nephrotoxicity: Ruta graveolens contains furanocoumarins, which are toxic to kidney cells.
- Cytopenia: Ruta graveolens causes a decrease in the number of blood cells.
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Ruta graveolens ingestion can cause severe gastrointestinal bleeding due to its hemorrhagic properties.
- Hemorrhage: Ruta graveolens essential oil caused severe hemorrhage in animal studies due to its high rutacridine and rutamarin content.
- Seizure: Ruta graveolens contains a coumarin derivative, rutaconine, which can induce seizures in high doses.
- Coma: Ingestion of large quantities of Ruta graveolens can cause fatal outcomes, including coma.
What are the precautions to take before using Ruta graveolens medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Ruta graveolens medicinally are to avoid its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or baby, as well as being cautious of allergic reactions, which can manifest as skin rashes or respiratory symptoms, and interactions with medications such as anticoagulants, which may increase the risk of bleeding.
Gastrointestinal upset, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, is a common side effect, particularly when used in large doses or for extended periods. Furthermore, prolonged use of Ruta graveolens may cause liver damage, including elevated liver enzymes and jaundice, and kidney damage, which can be indicated by decreased urine output and blood in the urine. Additionally, the plant may cause respiratory depression, particularly when combined with other central nervous system depressants, and skin irritation, such as redness and itching, in some individuals.
Overdosage can lead to severe symptoms, including seizures and coma, and combination with sedatives may enhance their sedative effects, potentially leading to respiratory failure.
The most important precautions you must take before using Ruta graveolens for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Use of Ruta graveolens during pregnancy and breastfeeding is contraindicated due to its uterotonic and emmenagogue effects.
- Allergic Reactions: Topical application of Ruta graveolens essential oil or ingestion of the plant may cause severe allergic reactions.
- Interactions With Medications: Ruta graveolens may interact with blood thinners, such as warfarin, and decrease their effectiveness.
- Gastrointestinal Upset: Consuming large amounts of Ruta graveolens may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Liver Damage: Ruta graveolens essential oil causes liver damage due to the presence of furanocoumarins.
- Kidney Damage: Ruta graveolens essential oil and extracts contain furanocoumarins which can cause nephrotoxicity.
- Respiratory Depression: Inhalation of large amounts of Ruta graveolens essential oil can cause respiratory failure due to its depressive effect on the respiratory center.
- Skin Irritation: Contact with Ruta graveolens plant causes skin irritation and phototoxicity due to the presence of furanocoumarins.
- Overdosage: High doses of Ruta graveolens cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
- Combination With Sedatives: Combining Ruta graveolens with sedatives can cause additive sedative effects and potentially impair cognitive function and motor skills.
Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Ruta graveolens?
Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Ruta graveolens. The following is an interesting one.
According to a study published by "Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)", the extracts of Ruta graveolens have shown potential in treating vitiligo due to their ability to promote melanin production and protect melanocytes against oxidative damage. Specifically, compound 13 derived from Ruta graveolens was found to downregulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo treatment. This study highlights the potential of Ruta graveolens in augmenting melanogenesis and reducing ER stress, which could lead to improved treatment outcomes for individuals with vitiligo.
