Rosa rugosa
Rosa rugosa · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (4 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Rosa rugosa is a resilient plant species known for its remarkable drought resistance and tolerance in challenging environmental conditions. The various parts of the plant, including the flower, fruit, and seed, serve as rich sources of bioactive compounds such as Catechin, Lupeol, Monoterpenes, and Quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside. When processed into preparations like essential oils, crude samples, PRE, or RWE, these components exhibit significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. Research has specifically demonstrated the plant's effectiveness against pathogens such as Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Consequently, this species holds great potential for therapeutic applications due to its diverse chemical profile and robust biological properties.
- Synonyms
- Rosa Rugosa Var. Rosea · Rosa Rugosa F. Rosea · 33 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Rosaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Flower · Fruit
Classification
Common Names
Rosa rugosa is a versatile plant recognized by many different names across various cultures and regions. It is most frequently referred to as the Beach Rose, highlighting its natural affinity for coastal environments. In different parts of the world, it may also be known as the Garðarós or the Hybenrose. Some enthusiasts specifically identify it by the name Irpelruus, reflecting its diverse linguistic connections. Finally, its origins are often honored through the common designation of the Japanese rose.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Rosa rugosa is a complex species that has been identified by several different botanical names throughout history. In various scientific records, it is recognized by the synonym Rosa andreae. The plant is also frequently associated with the names Rosa coruscans and Rosa fastuosa. Furthermore, taxonomic literature often links it to Rosa ferox. Finally, it is sometimes categorized under the synonym Rosa kamtchatica, reflecting its diverse classification.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Rosa rugosa is a remarkable species that belongs to the kingdom Plantae. Within this vast biological group, it is classified under the class Equisetopsida. This plant is further categorized into the order Rosales, which defines its evolutionary lineage. It specifically falls under the family Rosaceae, a group known for many familiar flowering plants. Finally, it is identified by its distinct genus, Rosa, which highlights its botanical identity.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Rosales |
| Family | Rosaceae |
| Genus | Rosa |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Rosa rugosa exhibits a remarkably wide geographical range that spans across several distinct global regions. Its native origins are deeply rooted in Asia-Temperate zones, specifically within China, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, and Japan. Beyond the Asian continent, the species has successfully established a presence in various Eastern Asian territories. Interestingly, the plant's distribution also extends to much colder, isolated climates such as Antarctica and the Subantarctic Islands. This widespread reach, including the Falkland Islands, highlights the plant's impressive ability to adapt to diverse environments.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Rosa rugosa is a hardy plant that naturally develops into a robust shrub growth form. This species is entirely self-supporting, allowing it to maintain its structure without external assistance. In terms of scale, the plant typically reaches a maximum height of 2 meters. While its size can vary, it generally maintains a minimum height of at least 1 meter. For many established specimens, a more consistent minimum height of approximately 1.58 meters is frequently observed.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Rosa rugosa is a versatile medicinal plant recognized for its diverse range of pharmacological benefits. Research has highlighted its significant antioxidant activity, particularly through key components like ellagic acid and galloyl-HHDP-glucoside. In addition to these properties, the plant exhibits antimicrobial benefits that contribute to its medicinal value. Studies involving tormentic acid, a triterpene extracted from the plant, further demonstrate its potent neuroprotective capabilities against neurotoxicity. Together, these findings underscore the potential of Rosa rugosa as a promising natural resource for various therapeutic applications.
Compounds
Rosa rugosa is a versatile medicinal and ornamental plant characterized by a complex profile of bioactive compounds. Scientific analysis has revealed that the plant contains essential monoterpenes, which are highly valued within the fragrance and floriculture industries. Its phytochemical makeup also includes significant polyphenols such as catechin and various quercetin glycosides, specifically quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside. Furthermore, the plant is a source of the active triterpenoid lupeol, which is synthesized through specific enzymatic pathways. Together, these diverse constituents contribute to the plant's impressive antioxidant properties and its potential for therapeutic use in treating disorders involving free radical reactions.
Conditions
Rosa rugosa demonstrates significant therapeutic potential by effectively treating DHT-induced alopecia through the enhancement of hair growth factors. The plant also exhibits strong antioxidant properties, specifically through its potent DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Its antimicrobial capabilities are evident in its ability to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, aqueous extracts of the plant have been shown to treat Escherichia coli and other sensitive strains. Furthermore, Rosa rugosa serves as an effective agent to treat Bacillus cereus, making it a valuable resource for combating various bacterial threats.
Preparations
Rosa rugosa is prepared as PRE, a standard extract enriched in phenolic compounds used to study anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The plant is also prepared as RWE, specifically a water extract evaluated for its ability to promote hair growth in alopecia models. In other research contexts, Rosa rugosa is prepared as a crude sample for the isolation of target compounds like quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. Additionally, the plant is prepared as essential oils to investigate the effects of aromatherapy on insomnia-related symptoms. Finally, Rosa rugosa is prepared as a general extract to explore its diverse medicinal benefits, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Parts used
Rosa rugosa is a versatile plant species that offers significant medicinal and nutritional value through its various biological components. The flowers of the plant serve as a vital source for isolating bioactive compounds like quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and exploring potential treatments for diabetes. Additionally, the rose fruits provide potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that are highly applicable to the food industry. Research also focuses on the seeds, where overcoming physiological and mechanical dormancy is essential for successful germination and species preservation. Together, these different parts of the plant demonstrate its complex ecological role and its diverse utility in scientific applications.